/*
      This file is part of GNUnet
      Copyright (C) 2012 GNUnet e.V.

      GNUnet is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
      under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
      by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
      or (at your option) any later version.

      GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
      WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
      Affero General Public License for more details.

      You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
      along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

     SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL3.0-or-later
 */

/**
 * @file set/ibf.c
 * @brief implementation of the invertible bloom filter
 * @author Florian Dold
 * @author Elias Summermatter
 */

#include "ibf.h"
#include "gnunet_util_lib.h"
#define LOG(kind, ...) GNUNET_log_from (kind, "setu", __VA_ARGS__)


/**
 * Compute the key's hash from the key.
 * Redefine to use a different hash function.
 */
#define IBF_KEY_HASH_VAL(k) (GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc32_n (&(k), sizeof(struct \
                                                                 IBF_KeyHash)))

/**
 * Create a key from a hashcode.
 *
 * @param hash the hashcode
 * @return a key
 */
struct IBF_Key
ibf_key_from_hashcode (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *hash)
{
  return *(struct IBF_Key *) hash;
}


/**
 * Create a hashcode from a key, by replicating the key
 * until the hascode is filled
 *
 * @param key the key
 * @param dst hashcode to store the result in
 */
void
ibf_hashcode_from_key (struct IBF_Key key,
                       struct GNUNET_HashCode *dst)
{
  struct IBF_Key *p;
  unsigned int i;
  const unsigned int keys_per_hashcode = sizeof(struct GNUNET_HashCode)
                                         / sizeof(struct IBF_Key);

  p = (struct IBF_Key *) dst;
  for (i = 0; i < keys_per_hashcode; i++)
    *p++ = key;
}


/**
 * Create an invertible bloom filter.
 *
 * @param size number of IBF buckets
 * @param hash_num number of buckets one element is hashed in
 * @return the newly created invertible bloom filter, NULL on error
 */
struct InvertibleBloomFilter *
ibf_create (uint32_t size, uint8_t hash_num)
{
  struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf;

  GNUNET_assert (0 != size);

  ibf = GNUNET_new (struct InvertibleBloomFilter);
  ibf->count = GNUNET_malloc_large (size * sizeof(uint64_t));
  if (NULL == ibf->count)
  {
    GNUNET_free (ibf);
    return NULL;
  }
  ibf->key_sum = GNUNET_malloc_large (size * sizeof(struct IBF_Key));
  if (NULL == ibf->key_sum)
  {
    GNUNET_free (ibf->count);
    GNUNET_free (ibf);
    return NULL;
  }
  ibf->key_hash_sum = GNUNET_malloc_large (size * sizeof(struct IBF_KeyHash));
  if (NULL == ibf->key_hash_sum)
  {
    GNUNET_free (ibf->key_sum);
    GNUNET_free (ibf->count);
    GNUNET_free (ibf);
    return NULL;
  }
  ibf->size = size;
  ibf->hash_num = hash_num;

  return ibf;
}


/**
 * Store unique bucket indices for the specified @a key in @a dst.
 */
static void
ibf_get_indices (const struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf,
                 struct IBF_Key key,
                 int *dst)
{
  uint32_t filled;
  uint32_t i;
  uint32_t bucket;

  bucket = GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc32_n (&key, sizeof key);
  for (i = 0, filled = 0; filled < ibf->hash_num; i++)
  {
    uint64_t x;

    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < filled; j++)
      if (dst[j] == bucket % ibf->size)
        goto try_next;
    dst[filled++] = bucket % ibf->size;
try_next:
    x = ((uint64_t) bucket << 32) | i;
    bucket = GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc32_n (&x, sizeof x);
  }
}


static void
ibf_insert_into (struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf,
                 struct IBF_Key key,
                 const int *buckets,
                 int side)
{
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ibf->hash_num; i++)
  {
    const int bucket = buckets[i];

    ibf->count[bucket].count_val += side;
    ibf->key_sum[bucket].key_val ^= key.key_val;
    ibf->key_hash_sum[bucket].key_hash_val
      ^= IBF_KEY_HASH_VAL (key);
  }
}


/**
 * Insert a key into an IBF.
 *
 * @param ibf the IBF
 * @param key the element's hash code
 */
void
ibf_insert (struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf,
            struct IBF_Key key)
{
  int buckets[ibf->hash_num];

  GNUNET_assert (ibf->hash_num <= ibf->size);
  ibf_get_indices (ibf, key, buckets);
  ibf_insert_into (ibf, key, buckets, 1);
}


/**
 * Remove a key from an IBF.
 *
 * @param ibf the IBF
 * @param key the element's hash code
 */
void
ibf_remove (struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf,
            struct IBF_Key key)
{
  int buckets[ibf->hash_num];

  GNUNET_assert (ibf->hash_num <= ibf->size);
  ibf_get_indices (ibf, key, buckets);
  ibf_insert_into (ibf, key, buckets, -1);
}


/**
 * Test is the IBF is empty, i.e. all counts, keys and key hashes are zero.
 */
static int
ibf_is_empty (struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf)
{
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ibf->size; i++)
  {
    if (0 != ibf->count[i].count_val)
      return GNUNET_NO;
    if (0 != ibf->key_hash_sum[i].key_hash_val)
      return GNUNET_NO;
    if (0 != ibf->key_sum[i].key_val)
      return GNUNET_NO;
  }
  return GNUNET_YES;
}


/**
 * Decode and remove an element from the IBF, if possible.
 *
 * @param ibf the invertible bloom filter to decode
 * @param ret_side sign of the cell's count where the decoded element came from.
 *                 A negative sign indicates that the element was recovered
 *                 resides in an IBF that was previously subtracted from.
 * @param ret_id receives the hash code of the decoded element, if successful
 * @return #GNUNET_YES if decoding an element was successful,
 *         #GNUNET_NO if the IBF is empty,
 *         #GNUNET_SYSERR if the decoding has failed
 */
int
ibf_decode (struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf,
            int *ret_side,
            struct IBF_Key *ret_id)
{
  struct IBF_KeyHash hash;
  int buckets[ibf->hash_num];

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ibf->size; i++)
  {
    int hit;

    /* we can only decode from pure buckets */
    if ( (1 != ibf->count[i].count_val) &&
         (-1 != ibf->count[i].count_val) )
      continue;

    hash.key_hash_val = IBF_KEY_HASH_VAL (ibf->key_sum[i]);

    /* test if the hash matches the key */
    if (hash.key_hash_val != ibf->key_hash_sum[i].key_hash_val)
      continue;

    /* test if key in bucket hits its own location,
     * if not, the key hash was subject to collision */
    hit = GNUNET_NO;
    ibf_get_indices (ibf, ibf->key_sum[i], buckets);
    for (int j = 0; j < ibf->hash_num; j++)
      if (buckets[j] == i)
        hit = GNUNET_YES;

    if (GNUNET_NO == hit)
      continue;

    if (1 == ibf->count[i].count_val)
    {
      ibf->remote_decoded_count++;
    }
    else
    {
      ibf->local_decoded_count++;
    }


    if (NULL != ret_side)
      *ret_side = ibf->count[i].count_val;
    if (NULL != ret_id)
      *ret_id = ibf->key_sum[i];

    /* insert on the opposite side, effectively removing the element */
    ibf_insert_into (ibf, ibf->key_sum[i], buckets, -ibf->count[i].count_val);

    return GNUNET_YES;
  }

  if (GNUNET_YES == ibf_is_empty (ibf))
    return GNUNET_NO;
  return GNUNET_SYSERR;
}


/**
 * Returns the minimal bytes needed to store the counter of the IBF
 *
 * @param ibf the IBF
 */
uint8_t
ibf_get_max_counter (struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf)
{
  long long max_counter = 0;
  for (uint64_t i = 0; i < ibf->size; i++)
  {
    if (ibf->count[i].count_val > max_counter)
    {
      max_counter = ibf->count[i].count_val;
    }
  }
  return 64 - __builtin_clzll (max_counter);
}


/**
 * Write buckets from an ibf to a buffer.
 * Exactly (IBF_BUCKET_SIZE*ibf->size) bytes are written to buf.
 *
 * @param ibf the ibf to write
 * @param start with which bucket to start
 * @param count how many buckets to write
 * @param buf buffer to write the data to
 * @param max bit length of a counter for unpacking
 */
void
ibf_write_slice (const struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf,
                 uint32_t start,
                 uint64_t count,
                 void *buf,
                 uint8_t counter_max_length)
{
  struct IBF_Key *key_dst;
  struct IBF_KeyHash *key_hash_dst;

  GNUNET_assert (start + count <= ibf->size);

  /* copy keys */
  key_dst = (struct IBF_Key *) buf;
  GNUNET_memcpy (key_dst,
                 ibf->key_sum + start,
                 count * sizeof(*key_dst));
  key_dst += count;
  /* copy key hashes */
  key_hash_dst = (struct IBF_KeyHash *) key_dst;
  GNUNET_memcpy (key_hash_dst,
                 ibf->key_hash_sum + start,
                 count * sizeof(*key_hash_dst));
  key_hash_dst += count;

  /* pack and copy counter */
  pack_counter (ibf,
                start,
                count,
                (uint8_t *) key_hash_dst,
                counter_max_length);


}


/**
 *  Packs the counter to transmit only the smallest possible amount of bytes and
 *  preventing overflow of the counter
 * @param ibf the ibf to write
 * @param start with which bucket to start
 * @param count how many buckets to write
 * @param buf buffer to write the data to
 * @param max bit length of a counter for unpacking
 */

void
pack_counter (const struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf,
              uint32_t start,
              uint64_t count,
              uint8_t *buf,
              uint8_t counter_max_length)
{
  uint8_t store_size = 0;
  uint8_t store = 0;
  uint16_t byte_ctr = 0;

  /**
  * Iterate over IBF bucket
  */
  for (uint64_t i = start; i< (count + start);)
  {
    uint64_t count_val_to_write = ibf->count[i].count_val;
    uint8_t count_len_to_write = counter_max_length;

    /**
    * Pack and compose counters to byte values
    */
    while ((count_len_to_write + store_size) >= 8)
    {
      uint8_t bit_shift = 0;

      /**
      * Shift bits if more than a byte has to be written
       * or the store size is not empty
      */
      if ((store_size > 0) || (count_len_to_write > 8))
      {
        uint8_t bit_unused = 8 - store_size;
        bit_shift = count_len_to_write - bit_unused;
        store = store << bit_unused;
      }

      buf[byte_ctr] = ((count_val_to_write >> bit_shift) | store) & 0xFF;
      byte_ctr++;
      count_len_to_write -= (8 - store_size);
      count_val_to_write = count_val_to_write & ((1ULL <<
                                                  count_len_to_write) - 1);
      store = 0;
      store_size = 0;
    }
    store = (store << count_len_to_write) | count_val_to_write;
    store_size = store_size + count_len_to_write;
    count_len_to_write = 0;
    i++;
  }

  /**
  * Pack data left in story before finishing
  */
  if (store_size > 0)
  {
    buf[byte_ctr] = store << (8 - store_size);
    byte_ctr++;
  }

}


/**
 *  Unpacks the counter to transmit only the smallest possible amount of bytes and
 *  preventing overflow of the counter
 * @param ibf the ibf to write
 * @param start with which bucket to start
 * @param count how many buckets to write
 * @param buf buffer to write the data to
 * @param max bit length of a counter for unpacking
 */

void
unpack_counter (const struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf,
                uint32_t start,
                uint64_t count,
                uint8_t *buf,
                uint8_t counter_max_length)
{
  uint64_t ibf_counter_ctr = 0;
  uint64_t store = 0;
  uint64_t store_bit_ctr = 0;
  uint64_t byte_ctr = 0;

  /**
  * Iterate over received bytes
  */
  while (true)
  {
    uint8_t byte_read = buf[byte_ctr];
    uint8_t bit_to_read_left = 8;
    byte_ctr++;

    /**
    * Pack data left in story before finishing
    */
    while (true)
    {
      /**
       * Stop decoding when end is reached
       */
      if (ibf_counter_ctr > (count - 1))
        return;

      /*
       * Unpack the counter
       */
      if ((store_bit_ctr + bit_to_read_left) >= counter_max_length)
      {
        uint8_t bytes_used = counter_max_length - store_bit_ctr;
        if (store_bit_ctr > 0)
        {
          store = store << bytes_used;
        }

        uint8_t bytes_to_shift = bit_to_read_left - bytes_used;
        uint64_t counter_part = byte_read >> bytes_to_shift;
        store = store | counter_part;
        ibf->count[ibf_counter_ctr + start].count_val = store;
        byte_read = byte_read & ((1 << bytes_to_shift) - 1);
        bit_to_read_left -= bytes_used;
        ibf_counter_ctr++;
        store = 0;
        store_bit_ctr = 0;
      }
      else
      {
        store_bit_ctr += bit_to_read_left;
        if (0 == store)
        {
          store = byte_read;
        }
        else
        {
          store = store << bit_to_read_left;
          store = store | byte_read;
        }
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}


/**
 * Read buckets from a buffer into an ibf.
 *
 * @param buf pointer to the buffer to read from
 * @param start which bucket to start at
 * @param count how many buckets to read
 * @param ibf the ibf to read from
 * @param max bit length of a counter for unpacking
 */
void
ibf_read_slice (const void *buf,
                uint32_t start,
                uint64_t count,
                struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf,
                uint8_t counter_max_length)
{
  struct IBF_Key *key_src;
  struct IBF_KeyHash *key_hash_src;
  struct IBF_Count *count_src;

  GNUNET_assert (count > 0);
  GNUNET_assert (start + count <= ibf->size);

  /* copy keys */
  key_src = (struct IBF_Key *) buf;
  GNUNET_memcpy (ibf->key_sum + start,
                 key_src,
                 count * sizeof *key_src);
  key_src += count;
  /* copy key hashes */
  key_hash_src = (struct IBF_KeyHash *) key_src;
  GNUNET_memcpy (ibf->key_hash_sum + start,
                 key_hash_src,
                 count * sizeof *key_hash_src);
  key_hash_src += count;

  /* copy and unpack counts  */
  count_src = (struct IBF_Count *) key_hash_src;
  unpack_counter (ibf,start,count,(uint8_t *) count_src,counter_max_length);
}


/**
 * Subtract ibf2 from ibf1, storing the result in ibf1.
 * The two IBF's must have the same parameters size and hash_num.
 *
 * @param ibf1 IBF that is subtracted from
 * @param ibf2 IBF that will be subtracted from ibf1
 */
void
ibf_subtract (struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf1,
              const struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf2)
{
  GNUNET_assert (ibf1->size == ibf2->size);
  GNUNET_assert (ibf1->hash_num == ibf2->hash_num);

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ibf1->size; i++)
  {
    ibf1->count[i].count_val -= ibf2->count[i].count_val;
    ibf1->key_hash_sum[i].key_hash_val ^= ibf2->key_hash_sum[i].key_hash_val;
    ibf1->key_sum[i].key_val ^= ibf2->key_sum[i].key_val;
  }
}


/**
 * Create a copy of an IBF, the copy has to be destroyed properly.
 *
 * @param ibf the IBF to copy
 */
struct InvertibleBloomFilter *
ibf_dup (const struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf)
{
  struct InvertibleBloomFilter *copy;

  copy = GNUNET_malloc (sizeof *copy);
  copy->hash_num = ibf->hash_num;
  copy->size = ibf->size;
  copy->key_hash_sum = GNUNET_memdup (ibf->key_hash_sum,
                                      ibf->size * sizeof(struct IBF_KeyHash));
  copy->key_sum = GNUNET_memdup (ibf->key_sum,
                                 ibf->size * sizeof(struct IBF_Key));
  copy->count = GNUNET_memdup (ibf->count,
                               ibf->size * sizeof(struct IBF_Count));
  return copy;
}


/**
 * Destroy all resources associated with the invertible bloom filter.
 * No more ibf_*-functions may be called on ibf after calling destroy.
 *
 * @param ibf the intertible bloom filter to destroy
 */
void
ibf_destroy (struct InvertibleBloomFilter *ibf)
{
  GNUNET_free (ibf->key_sum);
  GNUNET_free (ibf->key_hash_sum);
  GNUNET_free (ibf->count);
  GNUNET_free (ibf);
}