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/*
     This file is part of GNUnet.
     (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Christian Grothoff (and other contributing authors)

     GNUnet is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
     by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your
     option) any later version.

     GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
     General Public License for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     along with GNUnet; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
     Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
     Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*/

/**
 * @file include/gnunet_crypto_lib.h
 * @brief cryptographic primitives for GNUnet
 *
 * @author Christian Grothoff
 * @author Krista Bennett
 * @author Gerd Knorr <kraxel@bytesex.org>
 * @author Ioana Patrascu
 * @author Tzvetan Horozov
 */

#ifndef GNUNET_CRYPTO_LIB_H
#define GNUNET_CRYPTO_LIB_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
{
#if 0                           /* keep Emacsens' auto-indent happy */
}
#endif
#endif

#include "gnunet_common.h"
#include "gnunet_scheduler_lib.h"

/**
 * Desired quality level for cryptographic operations.
 */
enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality
{
  /**
   * No good quality of the operation is needed (i.e.,
   * random numbers can be pseudo-random).
   */
  GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,

  /**
   * High-quality operations are desired.
   */
  GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_STRONG,

  /**
   * Randomness for IVs etc. is required.
   */
  GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_NONCE
};


/**
 * @brief length of the sessionkey in bytes (256 BIT sessionkey)
 */
#define GNUNET_CRYPTO_AES_KEY_LENGTH (256/8)


/**
 * @brief Length of RSA encrypted data (2048 bit)
 *
 * We currently do not handle encryption of data
 * that can not be done in a single call to the
 * RSA methods (read: large chunks of data).
 * We should never need that, as we can use
 * the GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash for larger pieces of data for signing,
 * and for encryption, we only need to encode sessionkeys!
 */
#define GNUNET_CRYPTO_RSA_DATA_ENCODING_LENGTH 256


/**
 * Length of an RSA KEY (d,e,len), 2048 bit (=256 octests) key d, 2 byte e
 */
#define GNUNET_CRYPTO_RSA_KEY_LENGTH 258


/**
 * Length of a hash value
 */
#define GNUNET_CRYPTO_HASH_LENGTH 512/8

/**
 * The private information of an RSA key pair.
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey;


/**
 * @brief 0-terminated ASCII encoding of a GNUNET_HashCode.
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded
{
  unsigned char encoding[104];
};



/**
 * @brief an RSA signature
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature
{
  unsigned char sig[GNUNET_CRYPTO_RSA_DATA_ENCODING_LENGTH];
};


/**
 * @brief header of what an RSA signature signs
 *        this must be followed by "size - 8" bytes of
 *        the actual signed data
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignaturePurpose
{
  /**
   * How many bytes does this signature sign?
   * (including this purpose header); in network
   * byte order (!).
   */
  uint32_t size GNUNET_PACKED;

  /**
   * What does this signature vouch for?  This
   * must contain a GNUNET_SIGNATURE_PURPOSE_XXX
   * constant (from gnunet_signatures.h).  In
   * network byte order!
   */
  uint32_t purpose GNUNET_PACKED;

};


/**
 * @brief A public key.
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKeyBinaryEncoded
{
  /**
   * In big-endian, must be GNUNET_CRYPTO_RSA_KEY_LENGTH+4
   */
  uint16_t len GNUNET_PACKED;

  /**
   * Size of n in key; in big-endian!
   */
  uint16_t sizen GNUNET_PACKED;

  /**
   * The key itself, contains n followed by e.
   */
  unsigned char key[GNUNET_CRYPTO_RSA_KEY_LENGTH];

  /**
   * Padding (must be 0)
   */
  uint16_t padding GNUNET_PACKED;
};


/**
 * RSA Encrypted data.
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaEncryptedData
{
  unsigned char encoding[GNUNET_CRYPTO_RSA_DATA_ENCODING_LENGTH];
};


/**
 * @brief type for session keys
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey
{
  /**
   * Actual key.
   */
  unsigned char key[GNUNET_CRYPTO_AES_KEY_LENGTH];

  /**
   * checksum!
   */
  uint32_t crc32 GNUNET_PACKED;
};


/**
 * @brief IV for sym cipher
 *
 * NOTE: must be smaller (!) in size than the
 * GNUNET_HashCode.
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesInitializationVector
{
  unsigned char iv[GNUNET_CRYPTO_AES_KEY_LENGTH / 2];
};


/**
 * @brief type for (message) authentication keys
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AuthKey
{
  unsigned char key[GNUNET_CRYPTO_HASH_LENGTH];
};


/* **************** Functions and Macros ************* */


/**
 * Compute the CRC32 checksum for the first len
 * bytes of the buffer.
 *
 * @param buf the data over which we're taking the CRC
 * @param len the length of the buffer in bytes
 * @return the resulting CRC32 checksum
 */
int32_t GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc32_n (const void *buf, 
			       size_t len);


/**
 * Produce a random value.
 *
 * @param mode desired quality of the random number
 * @param i the upper limit (exclusive) for the random number
 * @return a random value in the interval [0,i) (exclusive).
 */
uint32_t GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode,
				   uint32_t i);


/**
 * Random on unsigned 64-bit values. 
 *
 * @param mode desired quality of the random number
 * @param max value returned will be in range [0,max) (exclusive)
 * @return random 64-bit number
 */
uint64_t GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64 (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode,
				   uint64_t max);


/**
 * Get an array with a random permutation of the
 * numbers 0...n-1.
 * @param mode GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_STRONG if the strong (but expensive) PRNG should be used, GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK otherwise
 * @param n the size of the array
 * @return the permutation array (allocated from heap)
 */
unsigned int *GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_permute (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode,
                                            unsigned int n);


/**
 * Create a new Session key.
 *
 * @param key key to initialize
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_aes_create_session_key (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey
                                           *key);

/**
 * Check that a new session key is well-formed.
 *
 * @param key key to check
 * @return GNUNET_OK if the key is valid
 */
int GNUNET_CRYPTO_aes_check_session_key (const struct
                                         GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey *key);


/**
 * Encrypt a block with the public key of another
 * host that uses the same cyper.
 *
 * @param block the block to encrypt
 * @param len the size of the block
 * @param sessionkey the key used to encrypt
 * @param iv the initialization vector to use, use INITVALUE
 *        for streams.
 * @return the size of the encrypted block, -1 for errors
 */
ssize_t GNUNET_CRYPTO_aes_encrypt (const void *block,
				   size_t len,
				   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey
				   *sessionkey,
				   const struct
				   GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesInitializationVector *iv,
				   void *result);


/**
 * Decrypt a given block with the sessionkey.
 *
 * @param block the data to decrypt, encoded as returned by encrypt
 * @param size how big is the block?
 * @param sessionkey the key used to decrypt
 * @param iv the initialization vector to use
 * @param result address to store the result at
 * @return -1 on failure, size of decrypted block on success
 */
ssize_t GNUNET_CRYPTO_aes_decrypt (const void *block, 
				   size_t size,
				   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey *sessionkey, 
				   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesInitializationVector *iv,
				   void *result);


/**
 * @brief Derive an IV
 * @param iv initialization vector
 * @param skey session key
 * @param salt salt for the derivation
 * @param salt_len size of the salt
 * @param ... pairs of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
 */
void
GNUNET_CRYPTO_aes_derive_iv (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesInitializationVector *iv,
    const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey *skey,
    const void *salt, size_t salt_len,
    ...);


/**
 * @brief Derive an IV
 * @param iv initialization vector
 * @param skey session key
 * @param salt salt for the derivation
 * @param salt_len size of the salt
 * @param argp pairs of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
 */
void
GNUNET_CRYPTO_aes_derive_iv_v (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesInitializationVector *iv,
    const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey *skey,
    const void *salt, size_t salt_len,
    va_list argp);


/**
 * Convert hash to ASCII encoding.
 * @param block the hash code
 * @param result where to store the encoding (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded can be
 *  safely cast to char*, a '\\0' termination is set).
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_to_enc (const GNUNET_HashCode * block,
                                struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded
                                *result);


/**
 * Convert ASCII encoding back to GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash
 * @param enc the encoding
 * @param result where to store the GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash code
 * @return GNUNET_OK on success, GNUNET_SYSERR if result has the wrong encoding
 */
int GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_from_string (const char *enc,
                                    GNUNET_HashCode * result);


/**
 * Compute the distance between 2 hashcodes.
 * The computation must be fast, not involve
 * a.a or a.e (they're used elsewhere), and
 * be somewhat consistent. And of course, the
 * result should be a positive number.
 *
 * @param a some hash code
 * @param b some hash code
 * @return number between 0 and UINT32_MAX
 */
uint32_t GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_distance_u32 (const GNUNET_HashCode * a,
					  const GNUNET_HashCode * b);


/**
 * Compute hash of a given block.
 *
 * @param block the data to hash
 * @param size size of the block
 * @param ret pointer to where to write the hashcode
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash (const void *block, 
			 size_t size,
                         GNUNET_HashCode * ret);


/**
 * Calculate HMAC of a message (RFC 2104)
 *
 * @param key secret key
 * @param plaintext input plaintext
 * @param plaintext_len length of plaintext
 * @param hmac where to store the hmac
 */
void 
GNUNET_CRYPTO_hmac (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AuthKey *key,
		    const void *plaintext,
		    size_t plaintext_len,
		    GNUNET_HashCode *hmac);


/**
 * Function called once the hash computation over the
 * specified file has completed.
 *
 * @param cls closure
 * @param res resulting hash, NULL on error
 */
typedef void (*GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashCompletedCallback) (void *cls,
                                                     const GNUNET_HashCode *
                                                     res);


/**
 * Handle to file hashing operation.
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_FileHashContext;

/**
 * Compute the hash of an entire file.
 *
 * @param priority scheduling priority to use
 * @param filename name of file to hash
 * @param blocksize number of bytes to process in one task
 * @param callback function to call upon completion
 * @param callback_cls closure for callback
 * @return NULL on (immediate) errror
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_FileHashContext *
GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_file (enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority priority,
			 const char *filename,
			 size_t blocksize,
			 GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashCompletedCallback callback,
			 void *callback_cls);


/**
 * Cancel a file hashing operation.
 *
 * @param fhc operation to cancel (callback must not yet have been invoked)
 */
void
GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_file_cancel (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_FileHashContext *fhc);


/**
 * Create a random hash code.
 *
 * @param mode desired quality level
 * @param result hash code that is randomized
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_create_random (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode,
				       GNUNET_HashCode * result);


/**
 * compute result(delta) = b - a
 *
 * @param a some hash code
 * @param b some hash code
 * @param result set to b - a 
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_difference (const GNUNET_HashCode * a,
                                    const GNUNET_HashCode * b,
                                    GNUNET_HashCode * result);


/**
 * compute result(b) = a + delta
 *
 * @param a some hash code
 * @param delta some hash code
 * @param result set to a + delta
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_sum (const GNUNET_HashCode * a,
                             const GNUNET_HashCode * delta,
                             GNUNET_HashCode * result);


/**
 * compute result = a ^ b
 *
 * @param a some hash code
 * @param b some hash code
 * @param result set to a ^ b 
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_xor (const GNUNET_HashCode * a,
                             const GNUNET_HashCode * b,
                             GNUNET_HashCode * result);


/**
 * Convert a hashcode into a key.
 *
 * @param hc hash code that serves to generate the key
 * @param skey set to a valid session key
 * @param iv set to a valid initialization vector
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_to_aes_key (const GNUNET_HashCode * hc,
                                    struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey *skey,
                                    struct
                                    GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesInitializationVector
                                    *iv);


/**
 * Obtain a bit from a hashcode.
 *
 * @param code the GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash to index bit-wise
 * @param bit index into the hashcode, [0...159]
 * @return Bit \a bit from hashcode \a code, -1 for invalid index
 */
int GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_get_bit (const GNUNET_HashCode * code,
                                unsigned int bit);

/**
 * Determine how many low order bits match in two
 * GNUNET_HashCodes.  i.e. - 010011 and 011111 share
 * the first two lowest order bits, and therefore the
 * return value is two (NOT XOR distance, nor how many
 * bits match absolutely!).
 *
 * @param first the first hashcode
 * @param second the hashcode to compare first to
 *
 * @return the number of bits that match
 */
unsigned int GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_matching_bits(const GNUNET_HashCode *first, const GNUNET_HashCode *second);


/**
 * Compare function for HashCodes, producing a total ordering
 * of all hashcodes.
 *
 * @param h1 some hash code
 * @param h2 some hash code
 * @return 1 if h1 > h2, -1 if h1 < h2 and 0 if h1 == h2.
 */
int GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_cmp (const GNUNET_HashCode * h1,
                            const GNUNET_HashCode * h2);


/**
 * Find out which of the two GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash codes is closer to target
 * in the XOR metric (Kademlia).
 *
 * @param h1 some hash code
 * @param h2 some hash code
 * @param target some hash code
 * @return -1 if h1 is closer, 1 if h2 is closer and 0 if h1==h2.
 */
int GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_xorcmp (const GNUNET_HashCode * h1,
                               const GNUNET_HashCode * h2,
                               const GNUNET_HashCode * target);


/**
 * @brief Derive an authentication key
 * @param key authentication key
 * @param rkey root key
 * @param salt salt
 * @param salt_len size of the salt
 * @param argp pair of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
 */
void
GNUNET_CRYPTO_hmac_derive_key_v(struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AuthKey *key,
                                const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey *rkey,
                                const void *salt,
                                size_t salt_len,
				va_list argp);


/**
 * @brief Derive an authentication key
 * @param key authentication key
 * @param rkey root key
 * @param salt salt
 * @param salt_len size of the salt
 * @param ... pair of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
 */
void
GNUNET_CRYPTO_hmac_derive_key(struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AuthKey *key,
                              const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AesSessionKey *rkey,
                              const void *salt,
                              size_t salt_len,
                              ...);

/**
 * @brief Derive key
 * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
 * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
 * @param xtr_algo hash algorithm for the extraction phase, GCRY_MD_...
 * @param prf_algo hash algorithm for the expansion phase, GCRY_MD_...
 * @param xts salt
 * @param xts_len length of xts
 * @param skm source key material
 * @param skm_len length of skm
 * @return GNUNET_YES on success
 */
int
GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf (void *result, 
		    size_t out_len,
		    int xtr_algo, int prf_algo, 
		    const void *xts, size_t xts_len,
		    const void *skm, size_t skm_len, 
		    ...);


/**
 * @brief Derive key
 * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
 * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
 * @param xtr_algo hash algorithm for the extraction phase, GCRY_MD_...
 * @param prf_algo hash algorithm for the expansion phase, GCRY_MD_...
 * @param xts salt
 * @param xts_len length of xts
 * @param skm source key material
 * @param skm_len length of skm
 * @param argp va_list of void * & size_t pairs for context chunks
 * @return GNUNET_YES on success
 */
int
GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_v (void *result, 
		      size_t out_len,
		      int xtr_algo, 
		      int prf_algo, 
		      const void *xts, size_t xts_len,
		      const void *skm, size_t skm_len, 
		      va_list argp);


/**
 * @brief Derive key
 * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
 * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
 * @param xts salt
 * @param xts_len length of xts
 * @param skm source key material
 * @param skm_len length of skm
 * @param argp va_list of void * & size_t pairs for context chunks
 * @return GNUNET_YES on success
 */
int
GNUNET_CRYPTO_kdf_v (void *result, 
		     size_t out_len,
		     const void *xts, size_t xts_len, 
		     const void *skm, size_t skm_len, 
		     va_list argp);


/**
 * @brief Derive key
 * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
 * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
 * @param xts salt
 * @param xts_len length of xts
 * @param skm source key material
 * @param skm_len length of skm
 * @param ... void * & size_t pairs for context chunks
 * @return GNUNET_YES on success
 */
int
GNUNET_CRYPTO_kdf (void *result, size_t out_len,
    const void *xts, size_t xts_len, const void *skm,
    size_t skm_len, ...);


/**
 * Create a new private key. Caller must free return value.
 *
 * @return fresh private key
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_key_create (void);

/**
 * Decode the private key from the data-format back
 * to the "normal", internal format.
 *
 * @param buf the buffer where the private key data is stored
 * @param len the length of the data in 'buffer'
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *
GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_decode_key (const char *buf, uint16_t len);

/**
 * Create a new private key by reading it from a file.  If the
 * files does not exist, create a new key and write it to the
 * file.  Caller must free return value. Note that this function
 * can not guarantee that another process might not be trying
 * the same operation on the same file at the same time.  
 * If the contents of the file
 * are invalid the old file is deleted and a fresh key is
 * created.
 *
 * @param filename name of file to use for storage
 * @return new private key, NULL on error (for example,
 *   permission denied)
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey
  *GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_key_create_from_file (const char *filename);


/**
 * Deterministically (!) create a private key using only the
 * given HashCode as input to the PRNG.
 *
 * @param hc "random" input to PRNG
 * @return some private key purely dependent on input
 */
struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey
  *GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_key_create_from_hash (const GNUNET_HashCode * hc);


/**
 * Free memory occupied by the private key.
 * @param hostkey pointer to the memory to free
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_key_free (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *hostkey);


/**
 * Extract the public key of the host.
 *
 * @param priv the private key
 * @param pub where to write the public key
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_key_get_public (const struct
                                       GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *priv,
                                       struct
                                       GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKeyBinaryEncoded
                                       *pub);


/**
 * Encrypt a block with the public key of another host that uses the
 * same cyper.
 *
 * @param block the block to encrypt
 * @param size the size of block
 * @param publicKey the encoded public key used to encrypt
 * @param target where to store the encrypted block
 * @return GNUNET_SYSERR on error, GNUNET_OK if ok
 */
int GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_encrypt (const void *block,
                               size_t size,
                               const struct
                               GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKeyBinaryEncoded
                               *publicKey,
                               struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaEncryptedData *target);


/**
 * Decrypt a given block with the hostkey.
 *
 * @param key the key to use
 * @param block the data to decrypt, encoded as returned by encrypt, not consumed
 * @param result pointer to a location where the result can be stored
 * @param max how many bytes of a result are expected? Must be exact.
 * @return the size of the decrypted block (that is, size) or -1 on error
 */
ssize_t GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_decrypt (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *key,
				   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaEncryptedData
				   *block,
				   void *result, 
				   size_t max);


/**
 * Sign a given block.
 *
 * @param key private key to use for the signing
 * @param purpose what to sign (size, purpose)
 * @param sig where to write the signature
 * @return GNUNET_SYSERR on error, GNUNET_OK on success
 */
int GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_sign (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *key,
                            const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignaturePurpose
                            *purpose,
                            struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *sig);


/**
 * Verify signature.  Note that the caller MUST have already
 * checked that "validate->size" bytes are actually available.
 *
 * @param purpose what is the purpose that validate should have?
 * @param validate block to validate (size, purpose, data)
 * @param sig signature that is being validated
 * @param publicKey public key of the signer
 * @return GNUNET_OK if ok, GNUNET_SYSERR if invalid
 */
int GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_verify (uint32_t purpose,
                              const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignaturePurpose
                              *validate,
                              const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *sig,
                              const struct
                              GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKeyBinaryEncoded
                              *publicKey);



/**
 * This function should only be called in testcases
 * where strong entropy gathering is not desired
 * (for example, for hostkey generation). 
 */
void GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_disable_entropy_gathering (void);

#if 0                           /* keep Emacsens' auto-indent happy */
{
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif


/* ifndef GNUNET_CRYPTO_LIB_H */
#endif
/* end of gnunet_crypto_lib.h */