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{% extends "common/base.j2" %}
{% block body_content %}
<article class="container">
<header>
<h1>{{ _("Tutorial: GNUnet on Debian 9") }}</h1>
</header>
<h2>{{ _("Introduction") }}</h2>
<p>
Welcome to the hopefully painless GNUnet tutorial for Debian 9! It provides
very concrete instructions on how to compile, install and configure a current
version of GNUnet. The goal is to support newcomers, either end users or
developers, who want to get in touch with GNUnet for the first time. After
installing GNUnet we will make sure that out new GNUnet installation is working
correctly.
</p>
<p>
<b>Attention: If you came across the official gnunet package for Debian 9,
ignore it! It is ancient and not compatible with current GNUnet
installations.</b>
</p>
<p>
Now let's start!
</p>
<h2>{{ _("Requirements") }}</h2>
<p>
First let's install the following Debian 9 packages to use GNUnet
painlessly. Optional dependencies are listed in Appendix A. They are required
for some experimental GNUnet features.
</p>
<code>
$ sudo apt install git libtool autoconf autopoint libargon2-dev\<br>
build-essential libgcrypt-dev libidn11-dev zlib1g-dev \<br>
libunistring-dev libglpk-dev miniupnpc libextractor-dev \<br>
libjansson-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev gnutls-bin libsqlite3-dev \<br>
openssl libnss3-tools libopus-dev libpulse-dev libogg-dev \<br>
libsodium-dev
</code>
<h2>{{ _("Make an installation directory") }}</h2>
<p>
Next we create a directory in our home directory where we store
the source code later. We should keep this directory after
installation because it contains Makefiles that can be used for
uninstalling GNUnet again (see chapter *Uninstall GNUnet and its
dependencies*).
</p>
<code>
$ mkdir ~/gnunet_installation
</code>
<h2>{{ _("Get the source code") }}</h2>
<p>
We download the GNUnet source code using git. On Debian 9 we need the
sources of another library (libmicrohttpd).
</p>
<p>
Note: The official libmicrohttpd package for Debian 9 is too old, we need
at least version 0.9.52 – that's why we install it from gnunet.org, and not from the package manager.
</p>
<code>
$ cd ~/gnunet_installation<br>
$ git clone --depth 1 https://gnunet.org/git/gnunet.git<br>
$ git clone --depth 1 https://gnunet.org/git/gnunet-gtk.git<br>
$ git clone --depth 1 https://gnunet.org/git/libmicrohttpd.git
</code>
<h2>{{ _("Compile and Install") }}</h2>
<p>
Before we can compile GNUnet on Debian 9, we compile and install libmicrohttpd.
</p>
<code>
$ cd ~/gnunet_installation/libmicrohttpd<br>
$ autoreconf -fi<br>
$ sudo apt install libgnutls28-dev<br>
$ ./configure --disable-doc --prefix=/opt/libmicrohttpd<br>
$ make -j$(nproc || echo -n 1)<br>
$ sudo make install<br>
</code>
<p>
Installing GNUnet is not hard. We have two options:
installing a <b>production version</b> and installing a <b>development version</b>. If
you want to start writing GNUnet applications or join the GNUnet development
choose the development version (it will print more debug output and contains
debug symbols that can be displayed with a debugger). Otherwise choose the
production version.
</p>
<h3>{{ _("Option 1: GNUnet for testing / usage") }}</h3>
<code>
$ cd ~/gnunet_installation/gnunet<br>
$ ./bootstrap<br>
$ export GNUNET_PREFIX=/usr/local # for example, other locations possible<br>
$ ./configure --prefix=$GNUNET_PREFIX --disable-documentation --with-microhttpd=/opt/libmicrohttpd<br>
$ sudo addgroup gnunet<br>
$ sudo usermod -aG gnunet $USER<br>
$ make -j$(nproc || echo -n 1)<br>
$ sudo make install
</code>
<h3>{{ _("Option 2: GNUnet for development") }}</h3>
<code>
$ cd ~/gnunet_installation/gnunet<br>
$ ./bootstrap<br>
$ export GNUNET_PREFIX=/usr/local # for example, other locations possible<br>
$ export CFLAGS="-g -Wall -O0"<br>
$ ./configure --prefix=$GNUNET_PREFIX --disable-documentation --enable-logging=verbose --with-microhttpd=/opt/libmicrohttpd<br>
$ sudo addgroup gnunet<br>
$ sudo usermod -aG gnunet $USER<br>
$ make -j$(nproc || echo -n 1)<br>
$ sudo make install
</code>
<h3>{{ _("In Addition: gnunet-gtk") }}</h3>
<p>
Installing the Gtk+-based graphical user
interface can be done on top of either the production or development installation.
</p>
<code>
$ sudo apt install libgtk-3-dev libgladeui-dev libunique-dev libqrencode-dev</br>
$ cd ~/gnunet_installation/gnunet-gtk<br>
$ ./bootstrap<br>
$ export GNUNET_PREFIX=/usr/local # for example, other locations possible</br>
$ export CFLAGS="-g -Wall -O0"<br>
$ ./configure --prefix=$GNUNET_PREFIX --with-gnunet=$GNUNET_PREFIX<br>
$ make -j$(nproc || echo -n 1)<br>
$ sudo make install
</code>
<p>
Since we added our user to the group gnunet, we need to call the following command (or alternatively log out and log in again) to make the membership effective:
</p>
<code>
$ newgrp<br>
</code>
<!--
<h3>{{ _("Install GNUnet plugin for name resolution") }}</h3>
<p>
So now it gets a bit nasty. It's not so bad. All we have to do
is copy a file and edit another one. The file we need to copy
is GNUnet's plugin for the Name Service Switch (NSS) in unix
systems. Different unixes expect it in different locations and
GNUnet's build system does not try to guess. On Debian 9 we
have to do
<code>
$ sudo cp /usr/lib/gnunet/nss/libnss_gns.so.2 /lib/$(uname -m)-linux-gnu/
</code>
</p>
<p>
The next step is activating the GNUnet plugin we just copied
in the NSS config. It is located in `/etc/nsswitch.conf`. It should
contain a line starting with "hosts" similar to this (at least "files"
and "dns" should be there):
</p>
<p>
<code>
$ cat /etc/nsswitch.conf<br>
hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns
</code>
</p>
<p>
<b>Attention: Once we modified `/etc/nsswitch.conf` DNS resolution will only
be possible as long as is GNUnet is running. We can leave the next step out,
but then we will not be able to use GNUnet's name resolution in external
applications.</b>
</p>
<p>We save a copy of the original file and then modify the line using sed:</p>
<p>
<code>
$ sudo cp /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf.original<br>
$ sudo sed -i -E 's/^(hosts:.*) dns/\1 gns [NOTFOUND=return] dns/' /etc/nsswitch.conf
</code>
</p>
<p>Now in the line starting with "hosts" should contain an entry "gns [NOTFOUND=return]" before the "dns" entry like this:</p>
<p>
<code>
hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] gns [NOTFOUND=return] dns
</code>
</p>
<p>That's it. It wasn't that nasty, was it?</p>
-->
<h2>{{ _("Create configuration file") }}</h2>
<p>
Congratulations! GNUnet is now installed! Before we start it we
need to create a configuration file. By default GNUnet looks in
our home directory for the file `~/.config/gnunet.conf`. We can
start with an empty file for now:
</p>
<code>
$ mkdir -p ~/.config</br>
$ touch ~/.config/gnunet.conf
</code>
<p>
Now we created the configuration file. Please check the handbook for a first <a href="https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html#Minimal-configuration">minimal configuration</a>. But in general, we dont need to configure anything in particular for now.
</p>
To go on, please <a href="https://gnunet.org/en/use.html">move over here</a>:
<h2>{{ _("Use GNUnet!") }}</h2>
<p>
Please head over here: <a href="https://gnunet.org/en/use.html">Use!</a>
<p>
<h2>{{ _("Uninstall GNUnet and its dependencies") }}</h2>
<code>
$ cd ~/gnunet_installation/gnunet<br>
$ sudo make uninstall<br>
$ cd ~/gnunet_installation/libmicrohttpd<br>
$ sudo make uninstall<br>
$ sudo apt remove git libtool autoconf autopoint build-essential libgcrypt-dev libidn11-dev zlib1g-dev libunistring-dev libglpk-dev miniupnpc libextractor-dev libjansson-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libsqlite3-dev<br>
$ sudo apt autoremove<br>
$ sudo userdel -r gnunet<br>
$ sudo groupdel gnunet<br>
</code>
</article>
{% endblock body_content %}
|
