gnunet-android

gnunet_crypto_lib.h (147324B)

---

 /*
      This file is part of GNUnet.
      Copyright (C) 2001-2023 GNUnet e.V.
 
      GNUnet is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
      under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
      by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
      or (at your option) any later version.
 
      GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
      WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
      Affero General Public License for more details.
 
      You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
      along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
      SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL3.0-or-later
  */
 
 /**
  * @addtogroup libgnunetutil
  * Multi-function utilities library for GNUnet programs
  * @{
  *
  * @file include/gnunet_crypto_lib.h
  * @brief cryptographic primitives for GNUnet
  *
  * @author Christian Grothoff
  * @author Krista Bennett
  * @author Gerd Knorr <kraxel@bytesex.org>
  * @author Ioana Patrascu
  * @author Tzvetan Horozov
  * @author Jeffrey Burdges <burdges@gnunet.org>
  *
  * @defgroup crypto  Crypto library: cryptographic operations
  * Provides cryptographic primitives.
  *
  * @see [Documentation](https://gnunet.org/crypto-api)
  *
  * @defgroup hash  Crypto library: hash operations
  * Provides hashing and operations on hashes.
  *
  * @see [Documentation](https://gnunet.org/crypto-api)
  */
 
 #if ! defined (__GNUNET_UTIL_LIB_H_INSIDE__)
 #error "Only <gnunet_util_lib.h> can be included directly."
 #endif
 
 #ifndef GNUNET_CRYPTO_LIB_H
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_LIB_H
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #if 0 /* keep Emacsens' auto-indent happy */
 }
 #endif
 #endif
 
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <sodium.h>
 
 /**
  * The identity of the host (wraps the signing key of the peer).
  */
 struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity;
 
 #include <gcrypt.h>
 
 
 /**
  * Maximum length of an ECC signature.
  * Note: round up to multiple of 8 minus 2 for alignment.
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_ECC_SIGNATURE_DATA_ENCODING_LENGTH 126
 
 
 /**
  * Desired quality level for random numbers.
  * @ingroup crypto
  */
 enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality
 {
   /**
    * No good quality of the operation is needed (i.e.,
    * random numbers can be pseudo-random).
    * @ingroup crypto
    */
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK,
 
   /**
    * High-quality operations are desired.
    * @ingroup crypto
    */
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_STRONG,
 
   /**
    * Randomness for IVs etc. is required.
    * @ingroup crypto
    */
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_NONCE
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief length of the sessionkey in bytes (256 BIT sessionkey)
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_AES_KEY_LENGTH (256 / 8)
 
 /**
  * Length of a hash value
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_HASH_LENGTH (512 / 8)
 
 /**
  * How many characters (without 0-terminator) are our ASCII-encoded
  * public keys (ECDSA/EDDSA/ECDHE).
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_PKEY_ASCII_LENGTH 52
 
 /**
  * @brief 0-terminated ASCII encoding of a struct GNUNET_HashCode.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded
 {
   unsigned char encoding[104];
 };
 
 
 GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_BEGIN
 
 
 /**
  * @brief header of what an ECC signature signs
  *        this must be followed by "size - 8" bytes of
  *        the actual signed data
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose
 {
   /**
    * How many bytes does this signature sign?
    * (including this purpose header); in network
    * byte order (!).
    */
   uint32_t size GNUNET_PACKED;
 
   /**
    * What does this signature vouch for?  This
    * must contain a GNUNET_SIGNATURE_PURPOSE_XXX
    * constant (from gnunet_signatures.h).  In
    * network byte order!
    */
   uint32_t purpose GNUNET_PACKED;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief an ECC signature using EdDSA.
  * See cr.yp.to/papers.html#ed25519
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaSignature
 {
   /**
    * R value.
    */
   unsigned char r[256 / 8];
 
   /**
    * S value.
    */
   unsigned char s[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief an ECC signature using ECDSA
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaSignature
 {
   /**
    * R value.
    */
   unsigned char r[256 / 8];
 
   /**
    * S value.
    */
   unsigned char s[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Public ECC key (always for curve Ed25519) encoded in a format
  * suitable for network transmission and EdDSA signatures.  Refer
  * to section 5.1.3 of rfc8032, for a thorough explanation of how
  * this value maps to the x- and y-coordinates.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey
 {
   /**
    * Point Q consists of a y-value mod p (256 bits); the x-value is
    * always positive. The point is stored in Ed25519 standard
    * compact format.
    */
   unsigned char q_y[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Public ECC key (always for Curve25519) encoded in a format suitable
  * for network transmission and ECDSA signatures.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey
 {
   /**
    * Q consists of an x- and a y-value, each mod p (256 bits), given
    * here in affine coordinates and Ed25519 standard compact format.
    */
   unsigned char q_y[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * The identity of the host (wraps the signing key of the peer).
  */
 struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey public_key;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Public ECC key (always for Curve25519) encoded in a format suitable
  * for network transmission and encryption (ECDH),
  * See http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey
 {
   /**
    * Q consists of an x- and a y-value, each mod p (256 bits), given
    * here in affine coordinates and Ed25519 standard compact format.
    */
   unsigned char q_y[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Private ECC key encoded for transmission.  To be used only for ECDH
  * key exchange (ECDHE to be precise).
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey
 {
   /**
    * d is a value mod n, where n has at most 256 bits.
    */
   unsigned char d[256 / 8];
 };
 
 /**
  * Private ECC key encoded for transmission.  To be used only for ECDSA
  * signatures.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey
 {
   /**
    * d is a value mod n, where n has at most 256 bits.
    */
   unsigned char d[256 / 8];
 };
 
 /**
  * Private ECC key encoded for transmission.  To be used only for EdDSA
  * signatures.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey
 {
   /**
    * d is a value mod n, where n has at most 256 bits.
    */
   unsigned char d[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Private ECC scalar encoded for transmission.  To be used only for EdDSA
  * signatures.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateScalar
 {
   /**
    * s is the expandedprivate 512-bit scalar of a private key.
    */
   unsigned char s[512 / 8];
 };
 
 /**
  * Private ECC key material encoded for transmission.  To be used only for
  * Edx25519 signatures.  An initial key corresponds to data from the key
  * expansion and clamping in the EdDSA key generation.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PrivateKey
 {
   /**
    * a is a value mod n, where n has at most 256 bits.  It is the first half of
    * the seed-expansion of EdDSA and will be clamped.
    */
   unsigned char a[256 / 8];
 
   /**
    * b consists of 32 bytes which where originally the lower 32bytes of the key
    * expansion.  Subsequent calls to derive_private will change this value, too.
    */
   unsigned char b[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Public ECC key (always for curve Ed25519) encoded in a format suitable for
  * network transmission and Edx25519 (same as EdDSA) signatures.  Refer to
  * section 5.1.3 of rfc8032, for a thorough explanation of how this value maps
  * to the x- and y-coordinates.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PublicKey
 {
   /**
    * Point Q consists of a y-value mod p (256 bits); the x-value is
    * always positive. The point is stored in Ed25519 standard
    * compact format.
    */
   unsigned char q_y[256 / 8];
 };
 
 /**
  * @brief an ECC signature using Edx25519 (same as in EdDSA).
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519Signature
 {
   /**
    * R value.
    */
   unsigned char r[256 / 8];
 
   /**
    * S value.
    */
   unsigned char s[256 / 8];
 };
 
 /**
  * Special private ECC key generated by GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_elligator_key_create.
  * To be used only for the Elligator KEM.
  * Encoded for transmission.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorEcdhePrivateKey
 {
   /**
    * d is a value mod n, where n has at most 256 bits.
    */
   unsigned char d[256 / 8];
 };
 
 /**
  * Elligator representative (always for Curve25519)
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorRepresentative
 {
   /**
    * Represents an element of Curve25519 finite field.
    * Always smaller than 2 ^ 254 - 10 -> Needs to be serialized into a random-looking byte stream before transmission.
    */
   uint8_t r[256 / 8];
 };
 
 /**
  * Key type for the generic public key union
  */
 enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_KeyType
 {
   /**
    * The identity type. The value is the same as the
    * PKEY record type.
    */
   GNUNET_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPE_ECDSA = 65536,
 
   /**
    * EDDSA identity. The value is the same as the EDKEY
    * record type.
    */
   GNUNET_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPE_EDDSA = 65556
 };
 
 /**
  * A private key for an identity as per LSD0001.
  * Note that these types are NOT packed and MUST NOT be used in RPC
  * messages. Use the respective serialization functions.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey
 {
   /**
    * Type of public key.
    * Defined by the GNS zone type value.
    * In NBO.
    */
   uint32_t type;
 
   union
   {
     /**
      * An ECDSA identity key.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey ecdsa_key;
 
     /**
      * AN EdDSA identtiy key
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey eddsa_key;
   };
 };
 
 
 /**
  * An identity key as per LSD0001.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey
 {
   /**
    * Type of public key.
    * Defined by the GNS zone type value.
    * In NBO.
    */
   uint32_t type;
 
   union
   {
     /**
      * An ECDSA identity key.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey ecdsa_key;
 
     /**
      * AN EdDSA identtiy key
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey eddsa_key;
   };
 };
 
 
 /**
  * An identity signature as per LSD0001.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature
 {
   /**
    * Type of signature.
    * Defined by the GNS zone type value.
    * In NBO.
    */
   uint32_t type;
 
   union
   {
     /**
      * An ECDSA signature
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaSignature ecdsa_signature;
 
     /**
      * AN EdDSA signature
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaSignature eddsa_signature;
   };
 };
 
 /**
  * @brief type for session keys
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricSessionKey
 {
   /**
    * Actual key for AES.
    */
   unsigned char aes_key[GNUNET_CRYPTO_AES_KEY_LENGTH];
 
   /**
    * Actual key for TwoFish.
    */
   unsigned char twofish_key[GNUNET_CRYPTO_AES_KEY_LENGTH];
 };
 
 /**
  * Type of a nonce used for challenges.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ChallengeNonceP
 {
   /**
    * The value of the nonce.  Note that this is NOT a hash.
    */
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode value;
 };
 
 GNUNET_NETWORK_STRUCT_END
 
 /**
  * @brief IV for sym cipher
  *
  * NOTE: must be smaller (!) in size than the
  * `struct GNUNET_HashCode`.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricInitializationVector
 {
   unsigned char aes_iv[GNUNET_CRYPTO_AES_KEY_LENGTH / 2];
 
   unsigned char twofish_iv[GNUNET_CRYPTO_AES_KEY_LENGTH / 2];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief type for (message) authentication keys
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AuthKey
 {
   unsigned char key[GNUNET_CRYPTO_HASH_LENGTH];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Size of paillier plain texts and public keys.
  * Private keys and ciphertexts are twice this size.
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_PAILLIER_BITS 2048
 
 
 /**
  * Paillier public key.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierPublicKey
 {
   /**
    * N value.
    */
   unsigned char n[GNUNET_CRYPTO_PAILLIER_BITS / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Paillier private key.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierPrivateKey
 {
   /**
    * Lambda-component of the private key.
    */
   unsigned char lambda[GNUNET_CRYPTO_PAILLIER_BITS / 8];
   /**
    * Mu-component of the private key.
    */
   unsigned char mu[GNUNET_CRYPTO_PAILLIER_BITS / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Paillier ciphertext.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierCiphertext
 {
   /**
    * Guaranteed minimum number of homomorphic operations with this ciphertext,
    * in network byte order (NBO).
    */
   int32_t remaining_ops GNUNET_PACKED;
 
   /**
    * The bits of the ciphertext.
    */
   unsigned char bits[GNUNET_CRYPTO_PAILLIER_BITS * 2 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Curve25519 Scalar
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Scalar
 {
   /**
    * 32 byte scalar
    */
   unsigned char d[crypto_core_ed25519_SCALARBYTES];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Curve25519 point
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Point
 {
   /**
    * This is a point on the Curve25519.
    * The x coordinate can be restored using the y coordinate
    */
   unsigned char y[crypto_core_ed25519_BYTES];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * The private information of an Schnorr key pair.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPrivateKey
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Scalar scalar;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * The public information of an Schnorr key pair.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPublicKey
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Point point;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Secret used for blinding (alpha and beta).
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindingSecret
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Scalar alpha;
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Scalar beta;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * the private r used in the signature
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRSecret
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Scalar scalar;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * the public R (derived from r) used in c
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRPublic
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Point point;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Schnorr c to be signed
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsC
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Scalar scalar;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * s in the signature
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsS
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Scalar scalar;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * blinded s in the signature
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindS
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Cs25519Scalar scalar;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * CS Signtature containing scalar s and point R
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsSignature
 {
   /**
    * Schnorr signatures are composed of a scalar s and a curve point
    */
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsS s_scalar;
 
   /**
    * Curve point of the Schnorr signature.
    */
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRPublic r_point;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Nonce for the session, picked by client,
  * shared with the signer.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsSessionNonce
 {
   /*a nonce*/
   unsigned char snonce[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Nonce for computing blinding factors. Not
  * shared with the signer.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindingNonce
 {
   /*a nonce*/
   unsigned char bnonce[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /* **************** Functions and Macros ************* */
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Seed a weak random generator. Only #GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK-mode generator
  * can be seeded.
  *
  * @param seed the seed to use
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_seed_weak_random (int32_t seed);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Calculate the checksum of a buffer in one step.
  *
  * @param buf buffer to calculate CRC over
  * @param len number of bytes in @a buf
  * @return crc8 value
  */
 uint8_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc8_n (const void *buf, size_t len);
 
 
 /**
  * Perform an incremental step in a CRC16 (for TCP/IP) calculation.
  *
  * @param sum current sum, initially 0
  * @param buf buffer to calculate CRC over (must be 16-bit aligned)
  * @param len number of bytes in @a buf, must be multiple of 2
  * @return updated crc sum (must be subjected to #GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc16_finish to get actual crc16)
  */
 uint32_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc16_step (uint32_t sum, const void *buf, size_t len);
 
 
 /**
  * Convert results from GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc16_step to final crc16.
  *
  * @param sum cumulative sum
  * @return crc16 value
  */
 uint16_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc16_finish (uint32_t sum);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Calculate the checksum of a buffer in one step.
  *
  * @param buf buffer to calculate CRC over (must be 16-bit aligned)
  * @param len number of bytes in @a buf, must be multiple of 2
  * @return crc16 value
  */
 uint16_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc16_n (const void *buf, size_t len);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Compute the CRC32 checksum for the first len
  * bytes of the buffer.
  *
  * @param buf the data over which we're taking the CRC
  * @param len the length of the buffer @a buf in bytes
  * @return the resulting CRC32 checksum
  */
 int32_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_crc32_n (const void *buf, size_t len);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Zero out @a buffer, securely against compiler optimizations.
  * Used to delete key material.
  *
  * @param buffer the buffer to zap
  * @param length buffer length
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_zero_keys (void *buffer, size_t length);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Fill block with a random values.
  *
  * @param mode desired quality of the random number
  * @param[out] buffer the buffer to fill
  * @param length buffer length
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_block (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode,
                             void *buffer,
                             size_t length);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Fill UUID with a timeflake pseudo-random value.  Note that
  * timeflakes use only 80 bits of randomness and 48 bits
  * to encode a timestamp in milliseconds. So what we return
  * here is not a completely random number.
  *
  * @param mode desired quality of the random number
  * @param[out] uuid the value to fill
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_timeflake (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode,
                                 struct GNUNET_Uuid *uuid);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Produce a random value.
  *
  * @param mode desired quality of the random number
  * @param i the upper limit (exclusive) for the random number
  * @return a random value in the interval [0,@a i) (exclusive).
  */
 uint32_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u32 (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode, uint32_t i);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Generate a random unsigned 64-bit value.
  *
  * @param mode desired quality of the random number
  * @param max value returned will be in range [0,@a max) (exclusive)
  * @return random 64-bit number
  */
 uint64_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_u64 (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode, uint64_t max);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Get an array with a random permutation of the
  * numbers 0...n-1.
  * @param mode #GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_STRONG if the strong (but expensive) PRNG should be used,
  *             #GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_WEAK or #GNUNET_CRYPTO_QUALITY_NONCE otherwise
  * @param n the size of the array
  * @return the permutation array (allocated from heap)
  */
 unsigned int *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_random_permute (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode, unsigned int n);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Create a new random session key.
  *
  * @param key key to initialize
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_symmetric_create_session_key (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricSessionKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Encrypt a block using a symmetric sessionkey.
  *
  * @param block the block to encrypt
  * @param size the size of the @a block
  * @param sessionkey the key used to encrypt
  * @param iv the initialization vector to use, use INITVALUE
  *        for streams.
  * @return the size of the encrypted block, -1 for errors
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_symmetric_encrypt (
   const void *block,
   size_t size,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricSessionKey *sessionkey,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricInitializationVector *iv,
   void *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Decrypt a given block using a symmetric sessionkey.
  *
  * @param block the data to decrypt, encoded as returned by encrypt
  * @param size how big is the block?
  * @param sessionkey the key used to decrypt
  * @param iv the initialization vector to use
  * @param result address to store the result at
  * @return -1 on failure, size of decrypted block on success
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_symmetric_decrypt (
   const void *block,
   size_t size,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricSessionKey *sessionkey,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricInitializationVector *iv,
   void *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Derive an IV
  * @param iv initialization vector
  * @param skey session key
  * @param salt salt for the derivation
  * @param salt_len size of the @a salt
  * @param ... pairs of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_symmetric_derive_iv (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricInitializationVector *iv,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricSessionKey *skey,
   const void *salt,
   size_t salt_len,
   ...);
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Derive an IV
  * @param iv initialization vector
  * @param skey session key
  * @param salt salt for the derivation
  * @param salt_len size of the @a salt
  * @param argp pairs of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_symmetric_derive_iv_v (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricInitializationVector *iv,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricSessionKey *skey,
   const void *salt,
   size_t salt_len,
   va_list argp);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Convert hash to ASCII encoding.
  * @param block the hash code
  * @param result where to store the encoding (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded can be
  *  safely cast to char*, a '\\0' termination is set).
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_to_enc (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *block,
                            struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashAsciiEncoded *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Convert ASCII encoding back to a 'struct GNUNET_HashCode'
  *
  * @param enc the encoding
  * @param enclen number of characters in @a enc (without 0-terminator, which can be missing)
  * @param result where to store the hash code
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR if result has the wrong encoding
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_from_string2 (const char *enc,
                                  size_t enclen,
                                  struct GNUNET_HashCode *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Convert ASCII encoding back to `struct GNUNET_HashCode`
  *
  * @param enc the encoding
  * @param result where to store the hash code
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR if result has the wrong encoding
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_from_string(enc, result) \
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_from_string2 (enc, strlen (enc), result)
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  *
  * Compute the distance between 2 hashcodes.  The
  * computation must be fast, not involve @a a[0] or @a a[4] (they're used
  * elsewhere), and be somewhat consistent. And of course, the result
  * should be a positive number.
  *
  * @param a some hash code
  * @param b some hash code
  * @return number between 0 and UINT32_MAX
  */
 uint32_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_distance_u32 (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *a,
                                  const struct GNUNET_HashCode *b);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Compute hash of a given block.
  *
  * @param block the data to hash
  * @param size size of the @a block
  * @param ret pointer to where to write the hashcode
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash (const void *block,
                     size_t size,
                     struct GNUNET_HashCode *ret);
 
 
 /**
  * Value for a salt for #GNUNET_CRYPTO_pow_hash().
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PowSalt
 {
   char salt[crypto_pwhash_argon2id_SALTBYTES];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Calculate the 'proof-of-work' hash (an expensive hash).
  *
  * @param salt salt for the hash. Must be crypto_pwhash_argon2id_SALTBYTES long.
  * @param buf data to hash
  * @param buf_len number of bytes in @a buf
  * @param result where to write the resulting hash
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_pow_hash (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PowSalt *salt,
                         const void *buf,
                         size_t buf_len,
                         struct GNUNET_HashCode *result);
 
 
 /**
  * Context for cumulative hashing.
  */
 struct GNUNET_HashContext;
 
 
 /**
  * Start incremental hashing operation.
  *
  * @return context for incremental hash computation
  */
 struct GNUNET_HashContext *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_context_start (void);
 
 
 /**
  * Make a copy of the hash computation.
  *
  * @param hc hash context to use (to continue hashing independently)
  * @return copy of @a hc
  */
 struct GNUNET_HashContext *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_context_copy (const struct GNUNET_HashContext *hc);
 
 
 /**
  * Add data to be hashed.
  *
  * @param hc cumulative hash context
  * @param buf data to add
  * @param size number of bytes in @a buf
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_context_read (struct GNUNET_HashContext *hc,
                                  const void *buf,
                                  size_t size);
 
 
 /**
  * Finish the hash computation.
  *
  * @param hc hash context to use, is freed in the process
  * @param r_hash where to write the latest / final hash code
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_context_finish (struct GNUNET_HashContext *hc,
                                    struct GNUNET_HashCode *r_hash);
 
 
 /**
  * Abort hashing, do not bother calculating final result.
  *
  * @param hc hash context to destroy
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_context_abort (struct GNUNET_HashContext *hc);
 
 
 /**
  * Calculate HMAC of a message (RFC 2104)
  * TODO: Shouldn't this be the standard hmac function and
  * the above be renamed?
  *
  * @param key secret key
  * @param key_len secret key length
  * @param plaintext input plaintext
  * @param plaintext_len length of @a plaintext
  * @param hmac where to store the hmac
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hmac_raw (const void *key,
                         size_t key_len,
                         const void *plaintext,
                         size_t plaintext_len,
                         struct GNUNET_HashCode *hmac);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Calculate HMAC of a message (RFC 2104)
  *
  * @param key secret key
  * @param plaintext input plaintext
  * @param plaintext_len length of @a plaintext
  * @param hmac where to store the hmac
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hmac (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AuthKey *key,
                     const void *plaintext,
                     size_t plaintext_len,
                     struct GNUNET_HashCode *hmac);
 
 
 /**
  * Function called once the hash computation over the
  * specified file has completed.
  *
  * @param cls closure
  * @param res resulting hash, NULL on error
  */
 typedef void
 (*GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashCompletedCallback) (
   void *cls,
   const struct GNUNET_HashCode *res);
 
 
 /**
  * Handle to file hashing operation.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_FileHashContext;
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Compute the hash of an entire file.
  *
  * @param priority scheduling priority to use
  * @param filename name of file to hash
  * @param blocksize number of bytes to process in one task
  * @param callback function to call upon completion
  * @param callback_cls closure for @a callback
  * @return NULL on (immediate) error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_FileHashContext *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_file (enum GNUNET_SCHEDULER_Priority priority,
                          const char *filename,
                          size_t blocksize,
                          GNUNET_CRYPTO_HashCompletedCallback callback,
                          void *callback_cls);
 
 
 /**
  * Cancel a file hashing operation.
  *
  * @param fhc operation to cancel (callback must not yet have been invoked)
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_file_cancel (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_FileHashContext *fhc);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Create a random hash code.
  *
  * @param mode desired quality level
  * @param result hash code that is randomized
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_create_random (enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_Quality mode,
                                   struct GNUNET_HashCode *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * compute @a result = @a b - @a a
  *
  * @param a some hash code
  * @param b some hash code
  * @param result set to @a b - @a a
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_difference (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *a,
                                const struct GNUNET_HashCode *b,
                                struct GNUNET_HashCode *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * compute @a result = @a a + @a delta
  *
  * @param a some hash code
  * @param delta some hash code
  * @param result set to @a a + @a delta
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_sum (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *a,
                         const struct GNUNET_HashCode *delta,
                         struct GNUNET_HashCode *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * compute result = a ^ b
  *
  * @param a some hash code
  * @param b some hash code
  * @param result set to @a a ^ @a b
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_xor (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *a,
                         const struct GNUNET_HashCode *b,
                         struct GNUNET_HashCode *result);
 
 
 /**
  * Count the number of leading 0 bits in @a h.
  *
  * @param h a hash
  * @return number of leading 0 bits in @a h
  */
 unsigned int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_count_leading_zeros (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *h);
 
 
 /**
  * Count the number of tailing 0 bits in @a h.
  *
  * @param h a hash
  * @return number of tailing 0 bits in @a h
  */
 unsigned int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_count_tailing_zeros (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *h);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Convert a hashcode into a key.
  *
  * @param hc hash code that serves to generate the key
  * @param skey set to a valid session key
  * @param iv set to a valid initialization vector
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_to_aes_key (
   const struct GNUNET_HashCode *hc,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricSessionKey *skey,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricInitializationVector *iv);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Compare function for HashCodes, producing a total ordering
  * of all hashcodes.
  *
  * @param h1 some hash code
  * @param h2 some hash code
  * @return 1 if @a h1 > @a h2, -1 if @a h1 < @a h2 and 0 if @a h1 == @a h2.
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_cmp (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *h1,
                         const struct GNUNET_HashCode *h2);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * Find out which of the two GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash codes is closer to target
  * in the XOR metric (Kademlia).
  *
  * @param h1 some hash code
  * @param h2 some hash code
  * @param target some hash code
  * @return -1 if @a h1 is closer, 1 if @a h2 is closer and 0 if @a h1== @a h2.
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hash_xorcmp (const struct GNUNET_HashCode *h1,
                            const struct GNUNET_HashCode *h2,
                            const struct GNUNET_HashCode *target);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * @brief Derive an authentication key
  * @param key authentication key
  * @param rkey root key
  * @param salt salt
  * @param salt_len size of the salt
  * @param argp pair of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hmac_derive_key_v (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AuthKey *key,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricSessionKey *rkey,
   const void *salt,
   size_t salt_len,
   va_list argp);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * @brief Derive an authentication key
  * @param key authentication key
  * @param rkey root key
  * @param salt salt
  * @param salt_len size of the salt
  * @param ... pair of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hmac_derive_key (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_AuthKey *key,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_SymmetricSessionKey *rkey,
   const void *salt,
   size_t salt_len,
   ...);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * @brief HKDF-Extract using SHA256. RFC 5869
  * @param prk the PRK
  * @param salt salt
  * @param salt_len length of @a xts
  * @param ikm source key material
  * @param ikm_len length of @a skm
  * @return #GNUNET_YES on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_extract (struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *prk,
                             const void *salt,
                             size_t salt_len,
                             const void *ikm,
                             size_t ikm_len);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * @brief HKDF-Expand using SHA256. RFC 5869
  * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
  * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
  * @param ... pair of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
  * @return #GNUNET_YES on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand (void *result,
                            size_t out_len,
                            const struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *prk,
                            ...);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * @brief HKDF-Expand using SHA256. See #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand
  * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
  * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
  * @param argp va_list of void * & size_t pairs for context chunks
  * @return #GNUNET_YES on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand_v (void *result,
                              size_t out_len,
                              const struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *prk,
                              va_list argp);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * @brief A peculiar HKDF instantiation that tried to mimic Truncated NMAC.
  * But, what it actually does is HKDF-Extract with SHA512 and instead of
  * truncating the PRK, it uses it as a 64 byte key in the HKDF-Expand
  * phase with SHA256.
  * (Truncated NMAC would require us to, well, truncate it to 32 byte.)
  * ONLY USE FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH OLDER KEY DERIVATIONS.
  * Use the more standard #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_extract and
  * #GNUNET_CRYPTO_HKDF_expand instead!
  *
  * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
  * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
  * @param xts salt
  * @param xts_len length of @a xts
  * @param skm source key material
  * @param skm_len length of @a skm
  * @param ... pair of void * & size_t for context chunks, terminated by NULL
  * @return #GNUNET_YES on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_gnunet (void *result,
                            size_t out_len,
                            const void *xts,
                            size_t xts_len,
                            const void *skm,
                            size_t skm_len,
                            ...);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * @brief Derive key. See #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_gnunet
  * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
  * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
  * @param xts salt
  * @param xts_len length of @a xts
  * @param skm source key material
  * @param skm_len length of @a skm
  * @param argp va_list of void * & size_t pairs for context chunks
  * @return #GNUNET_YES on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_gnunet_v (void *result,
                              size_t out_len,
                              const void *xts,
                              size_t xts_len,
                              const void *skm,
                              size_t skm_len,
                              va_list argp);
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Derive key
  * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
  * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
  * @param xts salt
  * @param xts_len length of @a xts
  * @param skm source key material
  * @param skm_len length of @a skm
  * @param argp va_list of void * & size_t pairs for context chunks
  * @return #GNUNET_YES on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_kdf_v (void *result,
                      size_t out_len,
                      const void *xts,
                      size_t xts_len,
                      const void *skm,
                      size_t skm_len,
                      va_list argp);
 
 
 /**
  * Deterministically generate a pseudo-random number uniformly from the
  * integers modulo a libgcrypt mpi.
  *
  * @param[out] r MPI value set to the FDH
  * @param n MPI to work modulo
  * @param xts salt
  * @param xts_len length of @a xts
  * @param skm source key material
  * @param skm_len length of @a skm
  * @param ctx context string
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_kdf_mod_mpi (gcry_mpi_t *r,
                            gcry_mpi_t n,
                            const void *xts,
                            size_t xts_len,
                            const void *skm,
                            size_t skm_len,
                            const char *ctx);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup hash
  * @brief Derive key
  * @param result buffer for the derived key, allocated by caller
  * @param out_len desired length of the derived key
  * @param xts salt
  * @param xts_len length of @a xts
  * @param skm source key material
  * @param skm_len length of @a skm
  * @param ... void * & size_t pairs for context chunks
  * @return #GNUNET_YES on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_kdf (void *result,
                    size_t out_len,
                    const void *xts,
                    size_t xts_len,
                    const void *skm,
                    size_t skm_len,
                    ...);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Extract the public key for the given private key.
  *
  * @param priv the special elligator private key
  * @param pub where to write the public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_key_get_public (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *priv,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey *pub);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Extract the public key for the given private key.
  *
  * @param priv the private key
  * @param pub where to write the public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *priv,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey *pub);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Extract the public key for the given private key.
  *
  * @param priv the private key
  * @param pub where to write the public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_key_get_public (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PrivateKey *priv,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PublicKey *pub);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Extract the public key for the given private key.
  *
  * @param priv the private key
  * @param pub where to write the public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_key_get_public (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *priv,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * Convert a public key to a string.
  *
  * @param pub key to convert
  * @return string representing @a pub
  */
 char *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_public_key_to_string (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey *pub);
 
 /**
  * Convert a private key to a string.
  *
  * @param priv key to convert
  * @return string representing @a priv
  */
 char *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_private_key_to_string (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *priv);
 
 
 /**
  * Convert a private key to a string.
  *
  * @param priv key to convert
  * @return string representing @a pub
  */
 char *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_private_key_to_string (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *priv);
 
 
 /**
  * Convert a public key to a string.
  *
  * @param pub key to convert
  * @return string representing @a pub
  */
 char *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_public_key_to_string (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * Convert a string representing a public key to a public key.
  *
  * @param enc encoded public key
  * @param enclen number of bytes in @a enc (without 0-terminator)
  * @param pub where to store the public key
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_public_key_from_string (
   const char *enc,
   size_t enclen,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * Convert a string representing a private key to a private key.
  *
  * @param enc encoded public key
  * @param enclen number of bytes in @a enc (without 0-terminator)
  * @param priv where to store the private key
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_private_key_from_string (
   const char *enc,
   size_t enclen,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *priv);
 
 
 /**
  * Convert a string representing a public key to a public key.
  *
  * @param enc encoded public key
  * @param enclen number of bytes in @a enc (without 0-terminator)
  * @param pub where to store the public key
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_public_key_from_string (
   const char *enc,
   size_t enclen,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Create a new private key by reading it from a file.
  *
  * If the files does not exist and @a do_create is set, creates a new key and
  * write it to the file.
  *
  * If the contents of the file are invalid, an error is returned.
  *
  * @param filename name of file to use to store the key
  * @param do_create should a file be created?
  * @param[out] pkey set to the private key from @a filename on success
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_NO if @a do_create was set but
  *         we found an existing file, #GNUNET_SYSERR on failure
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_key_from_file (const char *filename,
                                    int do_create,
                                    struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *pkey);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Create a new private key by reading it from a file.
  *
  * If the files does not exist and @a do_create is set, creates a new key and
  * write it to the file.
  *
  * If the contents of the file are invalid, an error is returned.
  *
  * @param filename name of file to use to store the key
  * @param do_create should a file be created?
  * @param[out] pkey set to the private key from @a filename on success
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_NO if @a do_create was set but
  *         we found an existing file, #GNUNET_SYSERR on failure
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_from_file (const char *filename,
                                    int do_create,
                                    struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *pkey);
 
 
 /**
  * Forward declaration to simplify #include-structure.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle;
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Create a new private key by reading our peer's key from
  * the file specified in the configuration.
  *
  * @param cfg the configuration to use
  * @return new private key, NULL on error (for example,
  *   permission denied); free using #GNUNET_free
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_create_from_configuration (
   const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Create a new private key.
  *
  * @param[out] pk private key to initialize
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_key_create (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *pk);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Create a new private key.
  *
  * @param[out] pk private key to initialize
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_create (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *pk);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Create a new private key.
  *
  * @param[out] pk private key to initialize
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_key_create (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PrivateKey *pk);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Create a new private key for Edx25519 from a given seed.  After expanding
  * the seed, the first half of the key will be clamped according to EdDSA.
  *
  * @param seed seed input
  * @param seedsize size of the seed in bytes
  * @param[out] pk private key to initialize
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_key_create_from_seed (
   const void *seed,
   size_t seedsize,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PrivateKey *pk);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Create a new private key.  Clear with #GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_key_clear().
  * This is X25519 DH (RFC 7748 Section 5) and corresponds to
  * X25519(a,9).
  * See #GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_ecdh for the DH function.
  *
  * @param[out] pk set to fresh private key;
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_key_create (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *pk);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Clear memory that was used to store a private key.
  *
  * @param pk location of the key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_clear (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *pk);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Clear memory that was used to store a private key.
  *
  * @param pk location of the key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_key_clear (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *pk);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Clear memory that was used to store a private key.
  *
  * @param pk location of the key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_key_clear (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PrivateKey *pk);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Clear memory that was used to store a private key.
  *
  * @param pk location of the key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_key_clear (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *pk);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Clear memory that was used to store a private key.
  *
  * @param pk location of the key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_private_key_clear (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *pk);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Get the shared private key we use for anonymous users.
  *
  * @return "anonymous" private key; do not free
  */
 const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_key_get_anonymous (void);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Setup a hostkey file for a peer given the name of the
  * configuration file (!).  This function is used so that
  * at a later point code can be certain that reading a
  * hostkey is fast (for example in time-dependent testcases).
  *
  * @param cfg_name name of the configuration file to use
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_setup_hostkey (const char *cfg_name);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Retrieve the identity of the host's peer.
  *
  * @param cfg configuration to use
  * @param dst pointer to where to write the peer identity
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR if the identity
  *         could not be retrieved
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_get_peer_identity (const struct GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg,
                                  struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *dst);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Sign a given block with a specific purpose using the host's peer identity.
  *
  * @param cfg configuration to use
  * @param purpose what to sign (size, purpose)
  * @param sig where to write the signature
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR if the identity
  *         could not be retrieved
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_sign_by_peer_identity (const struct
                                      GNUNET_CONFIGURATION_Handle *cfg,
                                      const struct
                                      GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *purpose,
                                      struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaSignature *sig);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Verify a given signature with a peer's identity.
  *
  * @param purpose what is the purpose that the signature should have?
  * @param validate block to validate (size, purpose, data)
  * @param sig signature that is being validated
  * @param identity the peer's identity to verify
  * @return #GNUNET_OK if ok, #GNUNET_SYSERR if invalid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_verify_peer_identity (uint32_t purpose,
                                     const struct
                                     GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *validate,
                                     const struct
                                     GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaSignature *sig,
                                     const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *identity);
 
 
 /**
  * Internal structure used to cache pre-calculated values for DLOG calculation.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccDlogContext;
 
 
 /**
  * Point on a curve (always for Curve25519) encoded in a format suitable
  * for network transmission (ECDH), see http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint
 {
   /**
    * Q consists of an x- and a y-value, each mod p (256 bits), given
    * here in affine coordinates and Ed25519 standard compact format.
    */
   unsigned char v[256 / 8];
 };
 
 /**
  * A ECC scalar for use in point multiplications
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccScalar
 {
   unsigned char v[256 / 8];
 };
 
 /**
  * Do pre-calculation for ECC discrete logarithm for small factors.
  *
  * @param max maximum value the factor can be
  * @param mem memory to use (should be smaller than @a max), must not be zero.
  * @return NULL on error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccDlogContext *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_dlog_prepare (unsigned int max,
                                 unsigned int mem);
 
 
 /**
  * Calculate ECC discrete logarithm for small factors.
  * Opposite of #GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_dexp().
  *
  * @param edc precalculated values, determine range of factors
  * @param input point on the curve to factor
  * @return INT_MAX if dlog failed, otherwise the factor
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_dlog (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccDlogContext *edc,
                         const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint *input);
 
 
 /**
  * Multiply the generator g of the elliptic curve by @a val
  * to obtain the point on the curve representing @a val.
  * Afterwards, point addition will correspond to integer
  * addition.  #GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_dlog() can be used to
  * convert a point back to an integer (as long as the
  * integer is smaller than the MAX of the @a edc context).
  *
  * @param val value to encode into a point
  * @param r where to write the point (must be allocated)
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_dexp (int val,
                         struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint*r);
 
 
 /**
  * Multiply the generator g of the elliptic curve by @a val
  * to obtain the point on the curve representing @a val.
  *
  * @param val (positive) value to encode into a point
  * @param r where to write the point (must be allocated)
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success.
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_dexp_mpi (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccScalar *val,
                             struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint *r);
 
 
 /**
  * Multiply the point @a p on the elliptic curve by @a val.
  *
  * @param p point to multiply
  * @param val (positive) value to encode into a point
  * @param r where to write the point (must be allocated)
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success.
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_pmul_mpi (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint *p,
                             const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccScalar *val,
                             struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint *r);
 
 
 /**
  * Add two points on the elliptic curve.
  *
  * @param a some value
  * @param b some value
  * @param r where to write the point (must be allocated)
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success.
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_add (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint *a,
                        const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint *b,
                        struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint *r);
 
 
 /**
  * Obtain a random point on the curve and its
  * additive inverse.
  *
  * @param[out] r set to a random point on the curve
  * @param[out] r_inv set to the additive inverse of @a r
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success.
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_rnd (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint *r,
                        struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccPoint *r_inv);
 
 
 /**
  * Obtain a random scalar for point multiplication on the curve and
  * its additive inverse.
  *
  * @param[out] r set to a random scalar on the curve
  * @param[out] r_neg set to the negation of @a
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_rnd_mpi (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccScalar *r,
                            struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccScalar *r_neg);
 
 
 /**
  * Generate a random value mod n.
  *
  * @param[out] r random value mod n.
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_random_mod_n (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccScalar*r);
 
 
 /**
  * Release precalculated values.
  *
  * @param dlc dlog context
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_dlog_release (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccDlogContext *dlc);
 
 
 /**
  * Create a scalar from int value.
  *
  * @param val the int value
  * @param[out] r where to write the salar
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_scalar_from_int (int64_t val,
                                    struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccScalar *r);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive key material from a public and a private ECC key.
  * This is X25519 DH (RFC 7748 Section 5) and corresponds to
  * H(X25519(b,X25519(a,9))) where b := priv, pub := X25519(a,9),
  * and a := #GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_key_create().
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the ECDH (x)
  * @param pub public key to use for the ECDH (yG)
  * @param key_material where to write the key material (xyG)
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_ecdh (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *priv,
                         const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pub,
                         struct GNUNET_HashCode *key_material);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive key material from a ECDH public key and a private EdDSA key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRRYPTO_ecdh_eddsa.
  * This uses the Ed25519 private seed as X25519 seed.
  * As such, this also is a X25519 DH (see #GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_ecdh).
  * NOTE: Whenever you can get away with it, use separate key pairs
  * for signing and encryption (DH)!
  *
  * @param priv private key from EdDSA to use for the ECDH (x)
  * @param pub public key to use for the ECDH (yG)
  * @param key_material where to write the key material H(h(x)yG)
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_ecdh (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *priv,
                           const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pub,
                           struct GNUNET_HashCode *key_material);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive key material from a ECDH public key and a private X25519 key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRRYPTO_ecdh_x25519.
  * NOTE: Whenever you can get away with it, use separate key pairs
  * for signing and encryption (DH)!
  *
  * @param sk private key from X25519 to use for the ECDH (x)
  * @param pk public key to use for the ECDH (yG)
  * @param additional_data this is fed into HKDF-Extract along with
                           the ECDH shared secret
  * @param ad_len Length of the additional data
  * @param dh the DH shared secret (NOTE: Derive key from this before use!)
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_x25519_ecdh (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *sk,
                            const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pk,
                            struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *dh);
 
 
 /** HPKE RFC 9180 **/
 
 /**
  * The HPKE Mode
  * "PSK" stands for "Pre-Shared Key".
  * The "AUTH" variants use an authenticating KEM
  * construction.
  */
 enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeMode
 {
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_MODE_BASE = 0x00,
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_MODE_PSK = 0x01,
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_MODE_AUTH = 0x02,
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_MODE_AUTH_PSK = 0x03
 };
 
 // Nt
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_AEAD_ID 0x0003
 
 // Nn
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_NONCE_LEN 12
 
 // Nk
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_KEY_LEN 32
 
 // Nt
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_TAG_LEN 16
 
 // Overhead required for ciphertext
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_SEAL_OVERHEAD_BYTES GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_TAG_LEN
 
 // Overhead required for ciphertext
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_SEAL_ONESHOT_OVERHEAD_BYTES \
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_SEAL_OVERHEAD_BYTES   \
   + sizeof (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation)
 
 enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeRole
 {
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_ROLE_R = 0,
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_ROLE_S = 1
 };
 
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeContext
 {
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeRole role;
   uint8_t key[GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_KEY_LEN];
   uint8_t base_nonce[GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_NONCE_LEN];
   uint64_t seq;
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode exporter_secret;
 };
 
 enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeKem
 {
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_KEM_DH_X25519_HKDF256 = 0x0020,
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_HPKE_KEM_DH_X25519ELLIGATOR_HKDF256 = 0x0030,
 };
 
 
 /**
  * HPKE DHKEM encapsulation (X25519)
  * See RFC 9180
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation
 {
   /**
    * Q consists of an x- and a y-value, each mod p (256 bits), given
    * here in affine coordinates and Ed25519 standard compact format.
    */
   unsigned char q_y[256 / 8];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Convert a GNUnet identity key to a key sutiable for HPKE (X25519)
  *
  * @param sk the private key
  * @param x25519 the new key
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_sk_to_x25519 (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *sk,
                                  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *x25519);
 
 
 /**
  * Convert a GNUnet identity key to a key sutiable for HPKE (X25519)
  *
  * @param pk the public key
  * @param x25519 the new key
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_pk_to_x25519 (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey *pk,
                                  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *x25519);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Decapsulate a key for a private X25519 key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_kem_encaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param priv private key from X25519 to use for the ECDH (x)
  * @param c the encapsulated key
  * @param prk where to write the key material
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_kem_decaps (const struct
                                GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *priv,
                                const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
                                struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *prk);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Encapsulate key material for a X25519 public key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_kem_decaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param pkR public key of receiver
  * @param c public key from X25519 to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param prk where to write the key material
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_kem_encaps (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
                                struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
                                struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *prk);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Deterministic variant of #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_kem_encaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param pkR public key of receiver
  * @param c public key from X25519 to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param skE ephemeral private key from X25519 to use
  * @param prk where to write the key material
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_kem_encaps_norand (const struct
                                       GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
                                       struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
                                       const struct
                                       GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skE,
                                       struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *prk);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Encapsulate authenticated key material for a X25519 public key.
  * Deterministic variant of #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_authkem_encaps.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_authkem_decaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param pkR public key of receiver
  * @param skS secret of the authenticating sender
  * @param c public key from X25519 to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param shared_secret where to write the key material
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_authkem_encaps_norand (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skS,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skE,
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *shared_secret);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Encapsulate authenticated key material for a X25519 public key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_kem_encaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param pkR public key of receiver
  * @param skS secret of the authenticating sender
  * @param c public key from X25519 to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param shared_secret where to write the key material
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_authkem_encaps (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skS,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *shared_secret);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Decapsulate a key for a private X25519 key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_authkem_encaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param skR secret key of receiver
  * @param pkS public key of the authenticating sender
  * @param c the encapsulated key
  * @param shared_secret where to write the key material
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_authkem_decaps (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skR,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkS,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *shared_secret);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Carries out ecdh encapsulation with given public key and the private key from a freshly created ephemeral key pair.
  * Following the terminology in https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/509.pdf.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param random_tweak random 8-bit value used as seed
  * @param pkR public key of receiver
  * @param c representative of ephemeral public key A to use for the ECDH (direct_map(r)=A=aG)
  * @param skE special elligator ephemeral private key from X25519 to use
  * @param shared_secret where to write the key material HKDF-Extract(r||aX)=HKDF-Extract(r||x(aG))
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_elligator_kem_encaps_norand (
   uint8_t random_tweak,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorEcdhePrivateKey *skE,
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *shared_secret);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Carries out ecdh encapsulation with given public key and the private key from a freshly created ephemeral key pair.
  * Following the terminology in https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/509.pdf.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param pkR Receiver public key (X)
  * @param c representative of ephemeral public key A to use for the ECDH (direct_map(r)=A=aG)
  * @param shared_secret where to write the key material HKDF-Extract(r||aX)=HKDF-Extract(r||x(aG))
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_elligator_kem_encaps (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *shared_secret);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Carries out ecdh decapsulation with own private key and the representative of the received public key.
  * Following the terminology in https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/509.pdf.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param skR sender private key (x)
  * @param r received representative r, from which we can obtain the public key A (direct_map(r)=A=aG)
  * @param shared_secret where to write the key material HKDF-Extract(r||aX)=HKDF-Extract(r||x(aG))
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_elligator_kem_decaps (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skR,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *shared_secret);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Encapsulate authenticated key material for a X25519 public key.
  * Elligator variant.
  * Deterministic variant of #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_authkem_encaps.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_authkem_decaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param pkR public key  of receiver
  * @param skS secret of the authenticating sender
  * @param c public key from X25519 to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param shared_secret where to write the key material
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_elligator_authkem_encaps_norand (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skS,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorEcdhePrivateKey *skE,
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *shared_secret);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Encapsulate authenticated key material for a X25519 public key.
  * Elligator variant.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_kem_encaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param pkR public key  of receiver
  * @param skS secret of the authenticating sender
  * @param c public key from X25519 to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param shared_secret where to write the key material
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_elligator_authkem_encaps (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skS,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *shared_secret);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Decapsulate a key for a private X25519 key.
  * Elligator variant.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_authkem_encaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param skR private key from X25519 to use for the ECDH (x)
  * @param pkS public key of the authenticating sender
  * @param c the encapsulated key
  * @param shared_secret where to write the key material
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_elligator_authkem_decaps (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skR,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkS,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
   struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *shared_secret);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Decapsulate a key for a private EdDSA key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRRYPTO_eddsa_kem_encaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param priv private key from EdDSA to use for the ECDH (x)
  * @param c the encapsulated key
  * @param prk where to write the key material HKDF-Extract(c||aX)=HKDF-Extract(c||x(aG))
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_kem_decaps (const struct
                                 GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *priv,
                                 const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
                                 struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *prk);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Encapsulate key material for a EdDSA public key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRRYPTO_eddsa_kem_decaps.
  * Use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_hkdf_expand to derive further context-specific
  * keys from the key material.
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the ECDH (y)
  * @param c public key from EdDSA to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param prk where to write the key material HKDF-Extract(c||aX)=HKDF-Extract(c||x(aG))
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_kem_encaps (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey *pub,
                                 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *c,
                                 struct GNUNET_ShortHashCode *prk);
 
 
 /**
  * RFC9180 HPKE encryption.
  * This sets the encryption context up for a sender of
  * encrypted messages.
  * Algorithm: DHKEM(X25519, HKDF-SHA256), HKDF-SHA256, ChaCha20Poly1305
  *
  * The encapsulation "enc" must be exchanged with the receiver.
  * From then on, encrypted messages can be created and sent using "ctx"
  *
  * @param pkR the X25519 receiver public key
  * @param info the info context separator
  * @param info_len length of info in bytes
  * @param enc the encapsulation to exchange with the other party
  * @param ctx the encryption context allocated by caller
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_sender_setup (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
                                  const uint8_t *info, size_t info_len,
                                  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *enc,
                                  struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeContext *ctx);
 
 /**
  * RFC9180 HPKE encryption.
  * This sets the encryption context up for a sender of
  * encrypted messages.
  * Algorithm: DHKEM(X25519, HKDF-SHA256), HKDF-SHA256, ChaCha20Poly1305
  *
  * The encapsulation "enc" must be exchanged with the receiver.
  * From then on, encrypted messages can be created and sent using "ctx"
  *
  * @param kem the HPKE KEM to use
  * @param mode the HPKE mode
  * @param skE the X25519 ephemeral key to use as encapsulation
  * @param skR the X25519 sender private key (may be null for non-Auth modes)
  * @param info the info context separator
  * @param info_len length of info in bytes
  * @param psk the pre-shared key (must not be set non-PSK modes)
  * @param psk_len length of psk in bytes
  * @param psk_id the ID of the pre-shared key (must be set of psk is set)
  * @param psk_id_len length of psk_id in bytes
  * @param enc the encapsulation to exchange with the other party
  * @param ctx the encryption context allocated by caller
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_sender_setup2 (
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeKem kem,
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeMode mode,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skE,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skS,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
   const uint8_t *info, size_t info_len,
   const uint8_t *psk, size_t psk_len,
   const uint8_t *psk_id, size_t psk_id_len,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *enc,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeContext *ctx);
 
 /**
  * RFC9180 HPKE encryption.
  * This sets the encryption context up for a receiver of
  * encrypted messages.
  * Algorithm: DHKEM(X25519, HKDF-SHA256), HKDF-SHA256, ChaCha20Poly1305
  *
  * The encapsulation "enc" must be exchanged with the receiver.
  * From then on, encrypted messages can be decrypted using "ctx"
  *
  * @param kem the HPKE KEM to use
  * @param mode the HPKE mode
  * @param enc the encapsulation from the sender
  * @param skR the X25519 receiver secret key
  * @param pkS the X25519 sender public key (may be NULL for non-Auth modes)
  * @param info the info context separator
  * @param info_len length of info in bytes
  * @param psk the pre-shared key (must not be set non-PSK modes)
  * @param psk_len length of psk in bytes
  * @param psk_id the ID of the pre-shared key (must be set of psk is set)
  * @param psk_id_len length of psk_id in bytes
  * @param ctx the encryption context allocated by caller
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_receiver_setup2 (
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeKem kem,
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeMode mode,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *enc,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skR,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkS,
   const uint8_t *info, size_t info_len,
   const uint8_t *psk, size_t psk_len,
   const uint8_t *psk_id, size_t psk_id_len,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeContext *ctx);
 
 
 /**
  * RFC9180 HPKE encryption.
  * This sets the encryption context up for a receiver of
  * encrypted messages.
  * Algorithm: DHKEM(X25519, HKDF-SHA256), HKDF-SHA256, ChaCha20Poly1305
  *
  * The encapsulation "enc" must be exchanged with the receiver.
  * From then on, encrypted messages can be decrypted using "ctx"
  *
  * @param enc the encapsulation from the sender
  * @param skR the X25519 receiver secret key
  * @param info the info context separator
  * @param info_len length of info in bytes
  * @param ctx the encryption context allocated by caller
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_receiver_setup (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeEncapsulation *enc,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skR,
   const uint8_t *info,
   size_t info_len,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeContext *ctx);
 
 /**
  * RFC9180 HPKE encryption.
  * Encrypt messages in a context.
  * Algorithm: DHKEM(X25519, HKDF-SHA256), HKDF-SHA256, ChaCha20Poly1305
  *
  * The encapsulation "enc" must be exchanged with the receiver.
  * From then on, encrypted messages can be decrypted using "ctx"
  *
  * @param ctx the encryption context
  * @param aad addition authenticated data to send (not encrypted)
  * @param aad_len length of aad in bytes
  * @param pt plaintext data to encrypt
  * @param pt_len length of pt in bytes
  * @param ct ciphertext to send (to be allocated by caller)
  * @param ct_len[out] length of written bytes in ct. may be NULL
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_seal (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeContext *ctx,
                          const uint8_t *aad,
                          size_t aad_len,
                          const uint8_t *pt,
                          size_t pt_len,
                          uint8_t *ct,
                          unsigned long long *ct_len);
 
 
 /**
  * RFC9180 HPKE encryption.
  * Encrypt messages in a context.
  * Algorithm: DHKEM(X25519, HKDF-SHA256), HKDF-SHA256, ChaCha20Poly1305
  *
  * The encapsulation "enc" must be exchanged with the receiver.
  * From then on, encrypted messages can be decrypted using "ctx"
  *
  * @param pkR the X25519 receiver secret key
  * @param info the info context separator
  * @param info_len length of info in bytes
  * @param aad addition authenticated data to send (not encrypted)
  * @param aad_len length of aad in bytes
  * @param pt plaintext data to encrypt
  * @param pt_len length of pt in bytes
  * @param ct ciphertext to send (to be allocated by caller)
  * @param ct_len[out] length of written bytes in ct. may be NULL
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_seal_oneshot (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pkR,
                                  const uint8_t *info, size_t info_len,
                                  const uint8_t*aad, size_t aad_len,
                                  const uint8_t *pt, size_t pt_len,
                                  uint8_t *ct, unsigned long long *ct_len);
 
 
 /**
  * RFC9180 HPKE encryption.
  * Decrypt messages in a context.
  * Algorithm: DHKEM(X25519, HKDF-SHA256), HKDF-SHA256, ChaCha20Poly1305
  *
  * The encapsulation "enc" must be exchanged with the receiver.
  * From then on, encrypted messages can be decrypted using "ctx"
  *
  * @param ctx the encryption context
  * @param aad addition authenticated data to send (not encrypted)
  * @param aad_len length of aad in bytes
  * @param ct ciphertext to decrypt
  * @param ct_len length of ct in bytes
  * @param pt plaintext (to be allocated by caller)
  * @param pt_len length of written bytes in pt. May be NULL
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_open (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_HpkeContext *ctx,
                          const uint8_t*aad, size_t aad_len,
                          const uint8_t *ct, size_t ct_len,
                          uint8_t *pt, unsigned long long *pt_len_p);
 
 
 /**
  * RFC9180 HPKE encryption.
  * Decrypt messages in a context.
  * Algorithm: DHKEM(X25519, HKDF-SHA256), HKDF-SHA256, ChaCha20Poly1305
  *
  * The encapsulation "enc" must be exchanged with the receiver.
  * From then on, encrypted messages can be decrypted using "ctx"
  *
  * @param skR the X25519 receiver secret key
  * @param info the info context separator
  * @param info_len length of info in bytes
  * @param aad addition authenticated data to send (not encrypted)
  * @param aad_len length of aad in bytes
  * @param ct ciphertext to decrypt
  * @param ct_len length of ct in bytes
  * @param pt plaintext (to be allocated by caller)
  * @param pt_len length of written bytes in pt. May be NULL
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_hpke_open_oneshot (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *skR,
   const uint8_t *info, size_t info_len,
   const uint8_t*aad, size_t aad_len,
   const uint8_t *ct, size_t ct_len,
   uint8_t *pt, unsigned long long *pt_len);
 
 
 /** HPKE END **/
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive key material from a ECDH public key and a private ECDSA key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRRYPTO_ecdh_ecdsa.
  *
  * @param priv private key from ECDSA to use for the ECDH (x)
  * @param pub public key to use for the ECDH (yG)
  * @param key_material where to write the key material H(h(x)yG)
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_ecdh (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *priv,
                           const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pub,
                           struct GNUNET_HashCode *key_material);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive key material from a EdDSA public key and a private ECDH key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRRYPTO_eddsa_ecdh.
  * This converts the Edwards25519 public key @a pub to a Curve25519
  * public key before computing a X25519 DH (see #GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecc_ecdh).
  * The resulting X25519 secret is then derived to a key using
  * SHA-512.
  * NOTE: Whenever you can get away with it, use separate key pairs
  * for signing and encryption (DH)!
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the ECDH (y)
  * @param pub public key from EdDSA to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param key_material where to write the key material H(yX)=H(h(x)yG)
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdh_eddsa (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *priv,
                           const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey *pub,
                           struct GNUNET_HashCode *key_material);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive key material from a EdDSA public key and a private ECDH key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRRYPTO_x25519_ecdh.
  * NOTE: Whenever you can get away with it, use separate key pairs
  * for signing and encryption (DH)!
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the ECDH (y)
  * @param pub public key from EdDSA to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param dh the DH shared secret (NOTE: Derive key from this before use!)
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdh_x25519 (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *
                            priv,
                            const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pub,
                            struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *dh);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive key material from a EcDSA public key and a private ECDH key.
  * Dual to #GNUNET_CRRYPTO_ecdsa_ecdh.
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the ECDH (y)
  * @param pub public key from ECDSA to use for the ECDH (X=h(x)G)
  * @param key_material where to write the key material H(yX)=H(h(x)yG)
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdh_ecdsa (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePrivateKey *priv,
                           const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey *pub,
                           struct GNUNET_HashCode *key_material);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief EdDSA sign a given block.
  *
  * The @a purpose data is the beginning of the data of which the signature is
  * to be created. The `size` field in @a purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.  If possible,
  * use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_sign() instead of this function (only if @a validate
  * is not fixed-size, you must use this function directly).
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param purpose what to sign (size, purpose)
  * @param[out] sig where to write the signature
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_sign_ (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *priv,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *purpose,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaSignature *sig);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief EdDSA sign a given block.
  *
  * The @a ps data must be a fixed-size struct for which the signature is to be
  * created. The `size` field in @a ps->purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param ps packed struct with what to sign, MUST begin with a purpose
  * @param[out] sig where to write the signature
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_sign(priv,ps,sig) do {                 \
     /* check size is set correctly */                              \
     GNUNET_assert (ntohl ((ps)->purpose.size) == sizeof (*ps));    \
     /* check 'ps' begins with the purpose */                       \
     GNUNET_static_assert (((void*) (ps)) ==                        \
                           ((void*) &(ps)->purpose));               \
     GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==                                    \
                    GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_sign_ (priv,                \
                                               &(ps)->purpose,      \
                                               sig));               \
 } while (0)
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief ECDSA Sign a given block.
  *
  * The @a purpose data is the beginning of the data of which the signature is
  * to be created. The `size` field in @a purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header. If possible,
  * use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_sign() instead of this function (only if @a validate
  * is not fixed-size, you must use this function directly).
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param purpose what to sign (size, purpose)
  * @param[out] sig where to write the signature
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_sign_ (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *priv,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *purpose,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaSignature *sig);
 
 /**
  * @brief
  *
  * @param priv
  * @param data
  * @param size
  * @param sig
  * @return enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_sign_raw (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *priv,
   void *data,
   size_t size,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaSignature *sig);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief ECDSA sign a given block.
  *
  * The @a ps data must be a fixed-size struct for which the signature is to be
  * created. The `size` field in @a ps->purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param ps packed struct with what to sign, MUST begin with a purpose
  * @param[out] sig where to write the signature
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_sign(priv,ps,sig) do {                 \
     /* check size is set correctly */                              \
     GNUNET_assert (ntohl ((ps)->purpose.size) == sizeof (*(ps)));  \
     /* check 'ps' begins with the purpose */                       \
     GNUNET_static_assert (((void*) (ps)) ==                        \
                           ((void*) &(ps)->purpose));               \
     GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==                                    \
                    GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_sign_ (priv,                \
                                               &(ps)->purpose,      \
                                               sig));               \
 } while (0)
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Edx25519 sign a given block.
  *
  * The @a purpose data is the beginning of the data of which the signature is
  * to be created. The `size` field in @a purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.  If possible,
  * use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_sign() instead of this function (only if @a
  * validate is not fixed-size, you must use this function directly).
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param purpose what to sign (size, purpose)
  * @param[out] sig where to write the signature
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_sign_ (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PrivateKey *priv,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *purpose,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519Signature *sig);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Edx25519 sign a given block.  The resulting signature is compatible
  * with EdDSA.
  *
  * The @a ps data must be a fixed-size struct for which the signature is to be
  * created. The `size` field in @a ps->purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param ps packed struct with what to sign, MUST begin with a purpose
  * @param[out] sig where to write the signature
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_sign(priv,ps,sig) do {              \
     /* check size is set correctly */                              \
     GNUNET_assert (ntohl ((ps)->purpose.size) == sizeof (*(ps)));  \
     /* check 'ps' begins with the purpose */                       \
     GNUNET_static_assert (((void*) (ps)) ==                        \
                           ((void*) &(ps)->purpose));               \
     GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==                                    \
                    GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_sign_ (priv,             \
                                                  &(ps)->purpose,   \
                                                  sig));            \
 } while (0)
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Verify EdDSA signature.
  *
  * The @a validate data is the beginning of the data of which the signature
  * is to be verified. The `size` field in @a validate must correctly indicate
  * the number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.  If @a
  * purpose does not match the purpose given in @a validate (the latter must be
  * in big endian), signature verification fails.  If possible,
  * use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_verify() instead of this function (only if @a validate
  * is not fixed-size, you must use this function directly).
  *
  * @param purpose what is the purpose that the signature should have?
  * @param validate block to validate (size, purpose, data)
  * @param sig signature that is being validated
  * @param pub public key of the signer
  * @returns #GNUNET_OK if ok, #GNUNET_SYSERR if invalid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_verify_ (
   uint32_t purpose,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *validate,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaSignature *sig,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Verify EdDSA signature.
  *
  * The @a ps data must be a fixed-size struct for which the signature is to be
  * created. The `size` field in @a ps->purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.
  *
  * @param purp purpose of the signature, must match 'ps->purpose.purpose'
  *              (except in host byte order)
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param ps packed struct with what to sign, MUST begin with a purpose
  * @param sig where to write the signature
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_verify(purp,ps,sig,pub) ({             \
     /* check size is set correctly */                              \
     GNUNET_assert (ntohl ((ps)->purpose.size) == sizeof (*(ps)));  \
     /* check 'ps' begins with the purpose */                       \
     GNUNET_static_assert (((void*) (ps)) ==                        \
                           ((void*) &(ps)->purpose));               \
     GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_verify_ (purp,                             \
                                  &(ps)->purpose,                   \
                                  sig,                              \
                                  pub);                             \
   })
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Verify ECDSA signature.
  *
  * The @a validate data is the beginning of the data of which the signature is
  * to be verified. The `size` field in @a validate must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.  If @a purpose
  * does not match the purpose given in @a validate (the latter must be in big
  * endian), signature verification fails.  If possible, use
  * #GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_verify() instead of this function (only if @a validate
  * is not fixed-size, you must use this function directly).
  *
  * @param purpose what is the purpose that the signature should have?
  * @param validate block to validate (size, purpose, data)
  * @param sig signature that is being validated
  * @param pub public key of the signer
  * @returns #GNUNET_OK if ok, #GNUNET_SYSERR if invalid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_verify_ (
   uint32_t purpose,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *validate,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaSignature *sig,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Verify ECDSA signature.
  *
  * The @a ps data must be a fixed-size struct for which the signature is to be
  * created. The `size` field in @a ps->purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.
  *
  * @param purp purpose of the signature, must match 'ps->purpose.purpose'
  *              (except in host byte order)
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param ps packed struct with what to sign, MUST begin with a purpose
  * @param sig where to write the signature
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_verify(purp,ps,sig,pub) ({             \
     /* check size is set correctly */                              \
     GNUNET_assert (ntohl ((ps)->purpose.size) == sizeof (*(ps)));  \
     /* check 'ps' begins with the purpose */                       \
     GNUNET_static_assert (((void*) (ps)) ==                        \
                           ((void*) &(ps)->purpose));               \
     GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_verify_ (purp,                             \
                                  &(ps)->purpose,                   \
                                  sig,                              \
                                  pub);                             \
   })
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Verify Edx25519 signature.
  *
  * The @a validate data is the beginning of the data of which the signature
  * is to be verified. The `size` field in @a validate must correctly indicate
  * the number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.  If @a
  * purpose does not match the purpose given in @a validate (the latter must be
  * in big endian), signature verification fails.  If possible, use
  * #GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_verify() instead of this function (only if @a
  * validate is not fixed-size, you must use this function directly).
  *
  * @param purpose what is the purpose that the signature should have?
  * @param validate block to validate (size, purpose, data)
  * @param sig signature that is being validated
  * @param pub public key of the signer
  * @returns #GNUNET_OK if ok, #GNUNET_SYSERR if invalid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_verify_ (
   uint32_t purpose,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *validate,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519Signature *sig,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * @brief Verify Edx25519 signature.
  *
  * The @a ps data must be a fixed-size struct for which the signature is to be
  * created. The `size` field in @a ps->purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.
  *
  * @param purp purpose of the signature, must match 'ps->purpose.purpose'
  *              (except in host byte order)
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param ps packed struct with what to sign, MUST begin with a purpose
  * @param sig where to write the signature
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_verify(purp,ps,sig,pub) ({         \
     /* check size is set correctly */                             \
     GNUNET_assert (ntohl ((ps)->purpose.size) == sizeof (*(ps))); \
     /* check 'ps' begins with the purpose */                      \
     GNUNET_static_assert (((void*) (ps)) ==                       \
                           ((void*) &(ps)->purpose));              \
     GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_verify_ (purp,                         \
                                     &(ps)->purpose,               \
                                     sig,                          \
                                     pub);                         \
   })
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive a private key from a given private key and a label.
  * Essentially calculates a private key 'h = H(l,P) * d mod n'
  * where n is the size of the ECC group and P is the public
  * key associated with the private key 'd'.
  *
  * @param priv original private key
  * @param label label to use for key deriviation
  * @param context additional context to use for HKDF of 'h';
  *        typically the name of the subsystem/application
  * @return derived private key
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_private_key_derive (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *priv,
   const char *label,
   const char *context);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive a public key from a given public key and a label.
  * Essentially calculates a public key 'V = H(l,P) * P'.
  *
  * @param pub original public key
  * @param label label to use for key deriviation
  * @param context additional context to use for HKDF of 'h'.
  *        typically the name of the subsystem/application
  * @param result where to write the derived public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_public_key_derive (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey *pub,
   const char *label,
   const char *context,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPublicKey *result);
 
 /**
  * This is a signature function for ECDSA which takes a
  * private key, derives/blinds it and signs the message.
  *
  * @param pkey original private key
  * @param label label to use for key deriviation
  * @param context additional context to use for HKDF of 'h';
  *        typically the name of the subsystem/application
  * @param purpose the signature purpose
  * @param sig the resulting signature
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdsa_sign_derived (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaPrivateKey *pkey,
   const char *label,
   const char *context,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *purpose,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdsaSignature *sig);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive a private scalar from a given private key and a label.
  * Essentially calculates a private key 'h = H(l,P) * d mod n'
  * where n is the size of the ECC group and P is the public
  * key associated with the private key 'd'.
  * The result is the derived private _scalar_, not the private
  * key as for EdDSA we cannot derive before we hash the
  * private key.
  *
  * @param priv original private key
  * @param label label to use for key deriviation
  * @param context additional context to use for HKDF of 'h';
  *        typically the name of the subsystem/application
  * @param result derived private scalar
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_private_key_derive (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *priv,
   const char *label,
   const char *context,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateScalar *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive a public key from a given public key and a label.
  * Essentially calculates a public key 'V = H(l,P) * P'.
  *
  * @param pub original public key
  * @param label label to use for key deriviation
  * @param context additional context to use for HKDF of 'h'.
  *        typically the name of the subsystem/application
  * @param result where to write the derived public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_public_key_derive (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey *pub,
   const char *label,
   const char *context,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey *result);
 
 
 /**
  * This is a signature function for EdDSA which takes a
  * private key and derives it using the label and context
  * before signing.
  *
  * @param pkey original private key
  * @param label label to use for key deriviation
  * @param context additional context to use for HKDF of 'h';
  *        typically the name of the subsystem/application
  * @param purpose the signature purpose
  * @param sig the resulting signature
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_sign_derived (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateKey *pkey,
   const char *label,
   const char *context,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *purpose,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaSignature *sig);
 
 
 /**
  * Extract the public key of the given private scalar.
  *
  * @param s the private scalar
  * @param pkey the resulting public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_eddsa_key_get_public_from_scalar (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPrivateScalar *s,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EddsaPublicKey *pkey);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive a private scalar from a given private key and a label.
  * Essentially calculates a private key 'h = H(l,P) * d mod n'
  * where n is the size of the ECC group and P is the public
  * key associated with the private key 'd'.
  *
  * @param priv original private key
  * @param seed input seed
  * @param seedsize size of the seed
  * @param result derived private key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_private_key_derive (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PrivateKey *priv,
   const void *seed,
   size_t seedsize,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PrivateKey *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Derive a public key from a given public key and a label.
  * Essentially calculates a public key 'V = H(l,P) * P'.
  *
  * @param pub original public key
  * @param seed input seed
  * @param seedsize size of the seed
  * @param result where to write the derived public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_edx25519_public_key_derive (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PublicKey *pub,
   const void *seed,
   size_t seedsize,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Edx25519PublicKey *result);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Clears the most significant bit and second most significant bit of the serialized representaive before applying elligator direct map.
  *
  * @param representative serialized elligator representative of an element of Curves25519's finite field
  * @param point destination for the calculated point on the curve
  * @param high_y bool pointed to will be set to 'true' if corresponding y-coordinate is > 2 ^ 254 - 10, otherwise 0. Can be set to NULL if not needed.
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_elligator_decoding (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *point,
   bool *high_y,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorRepresentative *representative);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Encodes a point on Curve25519 to a an element of the underlying finite field.
  * This transformation is deterministic.
  *
  * @param random_tweak random 8-bit value used as seed
  * @param r storage for the calculated representative
  * @param pub a point on the curve
  * @return 'true' if the given point can be encoded into a representative. Otherwise 'false' is returned and the content of the representative storage is undefined
  */
 bool
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_elligator_encoding (
   uint8_t random_tweak,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorRepresentative *r,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Generates a valid public key for elligator's inverse map by adding a lower order point to a prime order point.
  * Following Method 1 in description https://elligator.org/key-exchange section Step 2: Generate a “special” public key.
  *
  * @param random_tweak random 8-bit value used as seed
  * @param sk private key for generating valid public key
  * @param pub valid public key for elligator inverse map
  * @param repr storage for a calculated representative
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_elligator_key_get_public_norand (
   uint8_t random_tweak,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorEcdhePrivateKey *sk,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pub,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorRepresentative *repr);
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Generates a valid public key for elligator's inverse map by adding a lower order point to a prime order point.
  * Following Method 1 in description https://elligator.org/key-exchange section Step 2: Generate a “special” public key.
  *
  * @param sk private key for generating valid public key
  * @param pub valid public key for elligator inverse map
  * @param repr storage for a calculated representative
  * @return GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_elligator_key_get_public (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorEcdhePrivateKey *sk,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EcdhePublicKey *pub,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorRepresentative *repr);
 
 
 /**
  * @ingroup crypto
  * Generates a private key for Curve25519.
  *
  * @param sk Curve25519 private key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ecdhe_elligator_key_create (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_ElligatorEcdhePrivateKey *sk);
 
 
 /**
  * Output the given MPI value to the given buffer in network
  * byte order.  The MPI @a val may not be negative.
  *
  * @param buf where to output to
  * @param size number of bytes in @a buf
  * @param val value to write to @a buf
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_mpi_print_unsigned (void *buf,
                                   size_t size,
                                   gcry_mpi_t val);
 
 
 /**
  * Convert data buffer into MPI value.
  * The buffer is interpreted as network
  * byte order, unsigned integer.
  *
  * @param result where to store MPI value (allocated)
  * @param data raw data (GCRYMPI_FMT_USG)
  * @param size number of bytes in @a data
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_mpi_scan_unsigned (gcry_mpi_t *result,
                                  const void *data,
                                  size_t size);
 
 
 /**
  * Create a freshly generated paillier public key.
  *
  * @param[out] public_key Where to store the public key?
  * @param[out] private_key Where to store the private key?
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_paillier_create (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierPublicKey *public_key,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierPrivateKey *private_key);
 
 
 /**
  * Encrypt a plaintext with a paillier public key.
  *
  * @param public_key Public key to use.
  * @param m Plaintext to encrypt.
  * @param desired_ops How many homomorphic ops the caller intends to use
  * @param[out] ciphertext Encryption of @a plaintext with @a public_key.
  * @return guaranteed number of supported homomorphic operations >= 1,
  *         or desired_ops, in case that is lower,
  *         or -1 if less than one homomorphic operation is possible
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_paillier_encrypt (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierPublicKey *public_key,
   const gcry_mpi_t m,
   int desired_ops,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierCiphertext *ciphertext);
 
 
 /**
  * Decrypt a paillier ciphertext with a private key.
  *
  * @param private_key Private key to use for decryption.
  * @param public_key Public key to use for decryption.
  * @param ciphertext Ciphertext to decrypt.
  * @param[out] m Decryption of @a ciphertext with @a private_key.
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_paillier_decrypt (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierPrivateKey *private_key,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierPublicKey *public_key,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierCiphertext *ciphertext,
   gcry_mpi_t m);
 
 
 /**
  * Compute a ciphertext that represents the sum of the plaintext in @a c1
  * and @a c2
  *
  * Note that this operation can only be done a finite number of times
  * before an overflow occurs.
  *
  * @param public_key Public key to use for encryption.
  * @param c1 Paillier cipher text.
  * @param c2 Paillier cipher text.
  * @param[out] result Result of the homomorphic operation.
  * @return #GNUNET_OK if the result could be computed,
  *         #GNUNET_SYSERR if no more homomorphic operations are remaining.
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_paillier_hom_add (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierPublicKey *public_key,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierCiphertext *c1,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierCiphertext *c2,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierCiphertext *result);
 
 
 /**
  * Get the number of remaining supported homomorphic operations.
  *
  * @param c Paillier cipher text.
  * @return the number of remaining homomorphic operations
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_paillier_hom_get_remaining (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PaillierCiphertext *c);
 
 
 /* ********* Chaum-style RSA-based blind signatures ******************* */
 
 
 /**
  * The private information of an RSA key pair.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey;
 
 /**
  * The public information of an RSA key pair.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey;
 
 /**
  * Constant-size pre-secret for blinding key generation.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaBlindingKeySecret
 {
   /**
    * Bits used to generate the blinding key.  256 bits
    * of entropy is enough.
    */
   uint32_t pre_secret[8] GNUNET_PACKED;
 };
 
 /**
  * @brief an RSA signature
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature;
 
 
 /**
  * Create a new private key. Caller must free return value.
  *
  * @param len length of the key in bits (e.g. 2048)
  * @return fresh private key
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_private_key_create (unsigned int len);
 
 
 /**
  * Free memory occupied by the private key.
  *
  * @param key pointer to the memory to free
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_private_key_free (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Encode the private key in a format suitable for
  * storing it into a file.
  *
  * @param key the private key
  * @param[out] buffer set to a buffer with the encoded key
  * @return size of memory allocatedin @a buffer
  */
 size_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_private_key_encode (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *key,
   void **buffer);
 
 
 /**
  * Decode the private key from the data-format back
  * to the "normal", internal format.
  *
  * @param buf the buffer where the private key data is stored
  * @param buf_size the size of the data in @a buf
  * @return NULL on error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_private_key_decode (const void *buf,
                                       size_t buf_size);
 
 
 /**
  * Duplicate the given private key
  *
  * @param key the private key to duplicate
  * @return the duplicate key; NULL upon error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_private_key_dup (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Extract the public key of the given private key.
  *
  * @param priv the private key
  * @return NULL on error, otherwise the public key
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_private_key_get_public (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *priv);
 
 
 /**
  * Compute hash over the public key.
  *
  * @param key public key to hash
  * @param hc where to store the hash code
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_public_key_hash (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *key,
   struct GNUNET_HashCode *hc);
 
 
 /**
  * Check if @a key is well-formed.
  *
  * @return true if @a key is well-formed.
  */
 bool
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_public_key_check (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *key);
 
 /**
  * Obtain the length of the RSA key in bits.
  *
  * @param key the public key to introspect
  * @return length of the key in bits
  */
 unsigned int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_public_key_len (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Free memory occupied by the public key.
  *
  * @param key pointer to the memory to free
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_public_key_free (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Encode the public key in a format suitable for
  * storing it into a file.
  *
  * @param key the private key
  * @param[out] buffer set to a buffer with the encoded key
  * @return size of memory allocated in @a buffer
  */
 size_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_public_key_encode (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *key,
   void **buffer);
 
 
 /**
  * Decode the public key from the data-format back
  * to the "normal", internal format.
  *
  * @param buf the buffer where the public key data is stored
  * @param len the length of the data in @a buf
  * @return NULL on error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_public_key_decode (const char *buf,
                                      size_t len);
 
 
 /**
  * Duplicate the given public key
  *
  * @param key the public key to duplicate
  * @return the duplicate key; NULL upon error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_public_key_dup (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Compare the values of two signatures.
  *
  * @param s1 one signature
  * @param s2 the other signature
  * @return 0 if the two are equal
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_signature_cmp (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *s1,
                                  const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *s2);
 
 /**
  * Compare the values of two private keys.
  *
  * @param p1 one private key
  * @param p2 the other private key
  * @return 0 if the two are equal
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_private_key_cmp (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *p1,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *p2);
 
 
 /**
  * Compare the values of two public keys.
  *
  * @param p1 one public key
  * @param p2 the other public key
  * @return 0 if the two are equal
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_public_key_cmp (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *p1,
                                   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *p2);
 
 
 /**
  * @brief RSA Parameters to create blinded signature
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaBlindedMessage
 {
   /**
    * Blinded message to be signed
    * Note: is malloc()'ed!
    */
   void *blinded_msg;
 
   /**
    * Size of the @e blinded_msg to be signed.
    */
   size_t blinded_msg_size;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Blinds the given message with the given blinding key
  *
  * @param message the message to sign
  * @param message_size number of bytes in @a message
  * @param bks the blinding key
  * @param pkey the public key of the signer
  * @param[out] bm set to the blinded message
  * @return #GNUNET_YES if successful, #GNUNET_NO if RSA key is malicious
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_blind (const void *message,
                          size_t message_size,
                          const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaBlindingKeySecret *bks,
                          struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *pkey,
                          struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaBlindedMessage *bm);
 
 
 /**
  * Sign a blinded value, which must be a full domain hash of a message.
  *
  * @param key private key to use for the signing
  * @param bm the (blinded) message to sign
  * @return NULL on error, signature on success
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_sign_blinded (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *key,
                                 const struct
                                 GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaBlindedMessage *bm);
 
 
 /**
  * Create and sign a full domain hash of a message.
  *
  * @param key private key to use for the signing
  * @param message the message to sign
  * @param message_size number of bytes in @a message
  * @return NULL on error, including a malicious RSA key, signature on success
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_sign_fdh (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *key,
                             const void *message,
                             size_t message_size);
 
 
 /**
  * Free memory occupied by blinded message. Only frees contents, not
  * @a bm itself.
  *
  * @param[in] bm memory to free
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_blinded_message_free (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaBlindedMessage *bm);
 
 
 /**
  * Free memory occupied by signature.
  *
  * @param[in] sig memory to free
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_signature_free (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *sig);
 
 
 /**
  * Encode the given signature in a format suitable for storing it into a file.
  *
  * @param sig the signature
  * @param[out] buffer set to a buffer with the encoded key
  * @return size of memory allocated in @a buffer
  */
 size_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_signature_encode (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *sig,
   void **buffer);
 
 
 /**
  * Decode the signature from the data-format back to the "normal", internal
  * format.
  *
  * @param buf the buffer where the public key data is stored
  * @param buf_size the number of bytes of the data in @a buf
  * @return NULL on error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_signature_decode (
   const void *buf,
   size_t buf_size);
 
 
 /**
  * Duplicate the given rsa signature
  *
  * @param sig the signature to duplicate
  * @return the duplicate key; NULL upon error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_signature_dup (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *sig);
 
 
 /**
  * Unblind a blind-signed signature.  The signature should have been generated
  * with #GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_sign() using a hash that was blinded with
  * #GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_blind().
  *
  * @param sig the signature made on the blinded signature purpose
  * @param bks the blinding key secret used to blind the signature purpose
  * @param pkey the public key of the signer
  * @return unblinded signature on success, NULL if RSA key is bad or malicious.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_unblind (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *sig,
                            const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaBlindingKeySecret *bks,
                            struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *pkey);
 
 
 /**
  * Verify whether the given hash corresponds to the given signature and the
  * signature is valid with respect to the given public key.
  *
  * @param message the message to sign
  * @param message_size number of bytes in @a message
  * @param sig signature that is being validated
  * @param public_key public key of the signer
  * @returns #GNUNET_YES if ok, #GNUNET_NO if RSA key is malicious, #GNUNET_SYSERR if signature
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_rsa_verify (const void *message,
                           size_t message_size,
                           const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *sig,
                           const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *public_key);
 
 
 /**
  * Create a new random private key.
  *
  * @param[out] priv where to write the fresh private key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_private_key_generate (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPrivateKey *priv);
 
 
 /**
  * Extract the public key of the given private key.
  *
  * @param priv the private key
  * @param[out] pub where to write the public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_private_key_get_public (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPrivateKey *priv,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * Derive a new secret r pair r0 and r1.
  * In original papers r is generated randomly
  * To provide abort-idempotency, r needs to be derived but still needs to be UNPREDICTABLE
  * To ensure unpredictability a new nonce should be used when a new r needs to be derived.
  * Uses HKDF internally.
  * Comment: Can be done in one HKDF shot and split output.
  *
  * @param nonce is a random nonce
  * @param seed seed to use in derivation
  * @param lts is a long-term-secret in form of a private key
  * @param[out] r array containing derived secrets r0 and r1
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_r_derive (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsSessionNonce *nonce,
   const char *seed,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPrivateKey *lts,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRSecret r[2]);
 
 
 /**
  * Extract the public R of the given secret r.
  *
  * @param r_priv the private key
  * @param[out] r_pub where to write the public key
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_r_get_public (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRSecret *r_priv,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRPublic *r_pub);
 
 
 /**
  * Derives new random blinding factors.
  * In original papers blinding factors are generated randomly
  * To provide abort-idempotency, blinding factors need to be derived but still need to be UNPREDICTABLE.
  * To ensure unpredictability a new nonce has to be used.
  * Uses HKDF internally.
  *
  * @param blind_seed is the blinding seed to derive blinding factors
  * @param[out] bs array containing the two derived blinding secrets
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_blinding_secrets_derive (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindingNonce *blind_seed,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindingSecret bs[2]);
 
 
 /**
  * @brief CS Parameters derived from the message
  * during blinding to create blinded signature
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindedMessage
 {
   /**
    * The Clause Schnorr c_0 and c_1 containing the blinded message
    */
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsC c[2];
 
   /**
    * Nonce used in initial request.
    */
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsSessionNonce nonce;
 
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Pair of Public R values for Cs denominations
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CSPublicRPairP
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRPublic r_pub[2];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Calculate two blinded c's.
  * Comment: One would be insecure due to Wagner's algorithm solving ROS
  *
  * @param bs array of the two blinding factor structs each containing alpha and beta
  * @param r_pub array of the two signer's nonce R
  * @param pub the public key of the signer
  * @param msg the message to blind in preparation for signing
  * @param msg_len length of message msg
  * @param[out] blinded_c array of the two blinded c's
  * @param[out] r_pub_blind array of the two blinded R
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_calc_blinded_c (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindingSecret bs[2],
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRPublic r_pub[2],
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPublicKey *pub,
   const void *msg,
   size_t msg_len,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsC blinded_c[2],
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CSPublicRPairP *r_pub_blind);
 
 
 /**
  * The Sign Answer for Clause Blind Schnorr signature.
  * The sign operation returns a parameter @param b and the signature
  * scalar @param s_scalar.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindSignature
 {
   /**
    * To make ROS problem harder, the signer chooses an unpredictable b and
    * only calculates signature of c_b
    */
   unsigned int b;
 
   /**
    * The blinded s scalar calculated from c_b
    */
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindS s_scalar;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Sign a blinded @a c.
  * This function derives b from a nonce and a longterm secret.
  * In the original papers b is generated randomly.
  * To provide abort-idempotency, b needs to be derived but still need to be UNPREDICTABLE.
  * To ensure unpredictability a new nonce has to be used for every signature.
  * HKDF is used internally for derivation.
  * r0 and r1 can be derived prior by using GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_r_derive.
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing and as LTS in HKDF
  * @param r array of the two secret inputs from the signer
  * @param bm blinded message, including array of the two blinded c to sign c_b and the random nonce
  * @param[out] cs_blind_sig where to write the blind signature
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_sign_derive (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPrivateKey *priv,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRSecret r[2],
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindedMessage *bm,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindSignature *cs_blind_sig);
 
 
 /**
  * Unblind a blind-signed signature using a c that was blinded
  *
  * @param blinded_signature_scalar the signature made on the blinded c
  * @param bs the blinding factors used in the blinding
  * @param[out] signature_scalar where to write the unblinded signature
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_unblind (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindS *blinded_signature_scalar,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindingSecret *bs,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsS *signature_scalar);
 
 
 /**
  * Verify whether the given message corresponds to the given signature and the
  * signature is valid with respect to the given public key.
  *
  * @param sig signature that is being validated
  * @param pub public key of the signer
  * @param msg is the message that should be signed by @a sig  (message is used to calculate c)
  * @param msg_len is the message length
  * @returns #GNUNET_YES on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR if signature invalid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_cs_verify (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsSignature *sig,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPublicKey *pub,
   const void *msg,
   size_t msg_len);
 
 
 /**
  * Types of public keys used for blind signatures.
  */
 enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignatureAlgorithm
 {
 
   /**
    * Invalid type of signature.
    */
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_INVALID = 0,
 
   /**
    * RSA blind signature.
    */
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_RSA = 1,
 
   /**
    * Clause Blind Schnorr signature.
    */
   GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_CS = 2
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Type of (unblinded) signatures.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_UnblindedSignature
 {
 
   /**
    * Type of the signature.
    */
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignatureAlgorithm cipher;
 
   /**
    * Reference counter.
    */
   unsigned int rc;
 
   /**
    * Details, depending on @e cipher.
    */
   union
   {
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_CS in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsSignature cs_signature;
 
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_RSA in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *rsa_signature;
 
   } details;
 
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Type for *blinded* signatures.
  * Must be unblinded before it becomes valid.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedSignature
 {
 
   /**
    * Type of the signature.
    */
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignatureAlgorithm cipher;
 
   /**
    * Reference counter.
    */
   unsigned int rc;
 
   /**
    * Details, depending on @e cipher.
    */
   union
   {
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_CS in @a cipher.
      * At this point only the blinded s scalar is used.
      * The final signature consisting of r,s is built after unblinding.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindSignature blinded_cs_answer;
 
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_RSA in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaSignature *blinded_rsa_signature;
 
   } details;
 
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Type of public signing keys for blind signatures.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey
 {
 
   /**
    * Type of the public key.
    */
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignatureAlgorithm cipher;
 
   /**
    * Reference counter.
    */
   unsigned int rc;
 
   /**
    * Hash of the public key.
    */
   struct GNUNET_HashCode pub_key_hash;
 
   /**
    * Details, depending on @e cipher.
    */
   union
   {
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_CS in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPublicKey cs_public_key;
 
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_RSA in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPublicKey *rsa_public_key;
 
   } details;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Type of private signing keys for blind signing.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPrivateKey
 {
 
   /**
    * Type of the public key.
    */
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignatureAlgorithm cipher;
 
   /**
    * Reference counter.
    */
   unsigned int rc;
 
   /**
    * Details, depending on @e cipher.
    */
   union
   {
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_CS in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsPrivateKey cs_private_key;
 
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_RSA in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaPrivateKey *rsa_private_key;
 
   } details;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Blinded message ready for blind signing.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedMessage
 {
   /**
    * Type of the sign blinded message
    */
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignatureAlgorithm cipher;
 
   /**
    * Reference counter.
    */
   unsigned int rc;
 
   /**
    * Details, depending on @e cipher.
    */
   union
   {
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_CS in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindedMessage cs_blinded_message;
 
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_RSA in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaBlindedMessage rsa_blinded_message;
 
   } details;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Secret r for Cs denominations
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CSPrivateRPairP
 {
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsRSecret r[2];
 };
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Input needed for blinding a message.
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingInputValues
 {
 
   /**
    * Type of the signature.
    */
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignatureAlgorithm cipher;
 
   /**
    * Reference counter.
    */
   unsigned int rc;
 
   /**
    * Details, depending on @e cipher.
    */
   union
   {
     /**
      * If we use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_CS in @a cipher.
      */
     struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CSPublicRPairP cs_values;
 
   } details;
 
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Nonce used to deterministiacally derive input values
  * used in multi-round blind signature protocols.
  */
 union GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSessionNonce
 {
   /**
    * Nonce used when signing with CS.
    */
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsSessionNonce cs_nonce;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Compute blinding input values for a given @a nonce and
  * @a salt.
  *
  * @param bsign_priv private key to compute input values for
  * @param nonce session nonce to derive input values from
  * @param salt salt to include in derivation logic
  * @return blinding input values
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingInputValues *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_get_blinding_input_values (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPrivateKey *bsign_priv,
   const union GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSessionNonce *nonce,
   const char *salt);
 
 
 /**
  * Decrement reference counter of a @a bsign_pub, and free it if it reaches zero.
  *
  * @param[in] bsign_pub key to free
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blind_sign_pub_decref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey *bsign_pub);
 
 
 /**
  * Decrement reference counter of a @a bsign_priv, and free it if it reaches zero.
  *
  * @param[in] bsign_priv key to free
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blind_sign_priv_decref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPrivateKey *bsign_priv);
 
 
 /**
  * Decrement reference counter of a @a ub_sig, and free it if it reaches zero.
  *
  * @param[in] ub_sig signature to free
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_unblinded_sig_decref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_UnblindedSignature *ub_sig);
 
 
 /**
  * Decrement reference counter of a @a blind_sig, and free it if it reaches zero.
  *
  * @param[in] blind_sig signature to free
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blinded_sig_decref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedSignature *blind_sig);
 
 
 /**
  * Decrement reference counter of a @a bm, and free it if it reaches zero.
  *
  * @param[in] bm blinded message to free
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blinded_message_decref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedMessage *bm);
 
 
 /**
  * Increment reference counter of the given @a bm.
  *
  * @param[in,out] bm blinded message to increment reference counter for
  * @return alias of @a bm with RC incremented
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedMessage *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blinded_message_incref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedMessage *bm);
 
 
 /**
  * Increment reference counter of the given @a bi.
  *
  * @param[in,out] bi blinding input values to increment reference counter for
  * @return alias of @a bi with RC incremented
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingInputValues *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blinding_input_values_incref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingInputValues *bm);
 
 
 /**
  * Decrement reference counter of the given @a bi, and free it if it reaches
  * zero.
  *
  * @param[in,out] bi blinding input values to decrement reference counter for
  */
 void
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blinding_input_values_decref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingInputValues *bm);
 
 
 /**
  * Increment reference counter of the given @a bsign_pub.
  *
  * @param[in,out] bsign_pub public key to increment reference counter for
  * @return alias of @a bsign_pub with RC incremented
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_bsign_pub_incref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey *bsign_pub);
 
 
 /**
  * Increment reference counter of the given @a bsign_priv.
  *
  * @param[in,out] bsign_priv private key to increment reference counter for
  * @return alias of @a bsign_priv with RC incremented
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPrivateKey *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_bsign_priv_incref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPrivateKey *bsign_priv);
 
 
 /**
  * Increment reference counter of the given @a ub_sig.
  *
  * @param[in,out] ub_sig signature to increment reference counter for
  * @return alias of @a ub_sig with RC incremented
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_UnblindedSignature *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ub_sig_incref (struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_UnblindedSignature *ub_sig);
 
 
 /**
  * Increment reference counter of the given @a blind_sig.
  *
  * @param[in,out] blind_sig signature to increment reference counter for
  * @return alias of @a blind_sig with RC incremented
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedSignature *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blind_sig_incref (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedSignature *blind_sig);
 
 
 /**
  * Compare two denomination public keys.
  *
  * @param bp1 first key
  * @param bp2 second key
  * @return 0 if the keys are equal, otherwise -1 or 1
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_bsign_pub_cmp (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey *bp1,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey *bp2);
 
 
 /**
  * Compare two denomination signatures.
  *
  * @param sig1 first signature
  * @param sig2 second signature
  * @return 0 if the keys are equal, otherwise -1 or 1
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_ub_sig_cmp (const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_UnblindedSignature *sig1,
                           const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_UnblindedSignature *sig2);
 
 
 /**
  * Compare two blinded denomination signatures.
  *
  * @param sig1 first signature
  * @param sig2 second signature
  * @return 0 if the keys are equal, otherwise -1 or 1
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blind_sig_cmp (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedSignature *sig1,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedSignature *sig2);
 
 
 /**
  * Compare two blinded messages.
  *
  * @param bp1 first blinded message
  * @param bp2 second blinded message
  * @return 0 if the keys are equal, otherwise -1 or 1
  */
 int
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blinded_message_cmp (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedMessage *bp1,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedMessage *bp2);
 
 
 /**
  * Initialize public-private key pair for blind signatures.
  *
  * For #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_RSA, an additional "unsigned int"
  * argument with the number of bits for 'n' (e.g. 2048) must
  * be passed.
  *
  * @param[out] bsign_priv where to write the private key with RC 1
  * @param[out] bsign_pub where to write the public key with RC 1
  * @param cipher which type of cipher to use
  * @param ... RSA key size (eg. 2048/3072/4096)
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_NO if parameterst were invalid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blind_sign_keys_create (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPrivateKey **bsign_priv,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey **bsign_pub,
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignatureAlgorithm cipher,
   ...);
 
 
 /**
  * Initialize public-private key pair for blind signatures.
  *
  * For #GNUNET_CRYPTO_BSA_RSA, an additional "unsigned int"
  * argument with the number of bits for 'n' (e.g. 2048) must
  * be passed.
  *
  * @param[out] bsign_priv where to write the private key with RC 1
  * @param[out] bsign_pub where to write the public key with RC 1
  * @param cipher which type of cipher to use
  * @param ap RSA key size (eg. 2048/3072/4096)
  * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_NO if parameterst were invalid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blind_sign_keys_create_va (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPrivateKey **bsign_priv,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey **bsign_pub,
   enum GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignatureAlgorithm cipher,
   va_list ap);
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Type of blinding secrets.  Must be exactly 32 bytes (DB).
  */
 union GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingSecretP
 {
   /**
    * Clause Schnorr nonce.
    */
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_CsBlindingNonce nonce;
 
   /**
    * Variant for RSA for blind signatures.
    */
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_RsaBlindingKeySecret rsa_bks;
 };
 
 
 /**
  * Blind message for blind signing with @a dk using blinding secret @a coin_bks.
  *
  * @param bsign_pub public key to blind for
  * @param bks blinding secret to use
  * @param nonce nonce used to obtain @a alg_values
  *        can be NULL if input values are not used for the cipher
  * @param message message to sign
  * @param message_size number of bytes in @a message
  * @param alg_values algorithm specific values to blind the @a message
  * @return blinded message to give to signer, NULL on error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedMessage *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_message_blind_to_sign (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey *bsign_pub,
   const union GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingSecretP *bks,
   const union GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSessionNonce *nonce,
   const void *message,
   size_t message_size,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingInputValues *alg_values);
 
 
 /**
  * Create blind signature.
  *
  * @param bsign_priv private key to use for signing
  * @param salt salt value to use for the HKDF,
  *        can be NULL if input values are not used for the cipher
  * @param blinded_message the already blinded message to sign
  * @return blind signature with RC=1, NULL on failure
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedSignature *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blind_sign (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPrivateKey *bsign_priv,
   const char *salt,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedMessage *blinded_message);
 
 
 /**
  * Unblind blind signature.
  *
  * @param blinded_sig the blind signature
  * @param bks blinding secret to use
  * @param message message that was supposedly signed
  * @param message_size number of bytes in @a message
  * @param alg_values algorithm specific values
  * @param bsign_pub public key used for signing
  * @return unblinded signature with RC=1, NULL on error
  */
 struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_UnblindedSignature *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blind_sig_unblind (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindedSignature *blinded_sig,
   const union GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingSecretP *bks,
   const void *message,
   size_t message_size,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindingInputValues *alg_values,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey *bsign_pub);
 
 
 /**
  * Verify signature made blindly.
  *
  * @param bsign_pub public key
  * @param ub_sig signature made blindly with the private key
  * @param message message that was supposedly signed
  * @param message_size number of bytes in @a message
  * @return #GNUNET_OK if the signature is valid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_blind_sig_verify (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_BlindSignPublicKey *bsign_pub,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_UnblindedSignature *ub_sig,
   const void *message,
   size_t message_size);
 
 
 /**
  * Get the compacted length of a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey.
  * Compacted means that it returns the minimum number of bytes this
  * key is long, as opposed to the union structure inside
  * #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey.
  * Useful for compact serializations.
  *
  * @param key the key.
  * @return -1 on error, else the compacted length of the key.
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_public_key_get_length (const struct
                                      GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey *key);
 
 /**
  * Reads a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey from a compact buffer.
  * The buffer has to contain at least the compacted length of
  * a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey in bytes.
  * If the buffer is too small, the function returns -1 as error.
  * If the buffer does not contain a valid key, it returns -2 as error.
  *
  * @param buffer the buffer
  * @param len the length of buffer
  * @param key the key
  * @param the amount of bytes read from the buffer
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_read_public_key_from_buffer (
   const void *buffer,
   size_t len,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey *key,
   size_t *read);
 
 /**
  * Get the compacted length of a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey.
  * Compacted means that it returns the minimum number of bytes this
  * key is long, as opposed to the union structure inside
  * #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey.
  * Useful for compact serializations.
  *
  * @param key the key.
  * @return -1 on error, else the compacted length of the key.
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_private_key_get_length (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Writes a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey to a compact buffer.
  * The buffer requires space for at least the compacted length of
  * a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey in bytes.
  * If the buffer is too small, the function returns -1 as error.
  * If the key is not valid, it returns -2 as error.
  *
  * @param key the key
  * @param buffer the buffer
  * @param len the length of buffer
  * @return -1 or -2 on error, else the amount of bytes written to the buffer
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_write_public_key_to_buffer (const struct
                                           GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey *key,
                                           void*buffer,
                                           size_t len);
 
 
 /**
  * Reads a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey from a compact buffer.
  * The buffer has to contain at least the compacted length of
  * a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey in bytes.
  * If the buffer is too small, the function returns GNUNET_SYSERR as error.
  *
  * @param buffer the buffer
  * @param len the length of buffer
  * @param key the key
  * @param the amount of bytes read from the buffer
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_read_private_key_from_buffer (
   const void*buffer,
   size_t len,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *key,
   size_t *read);
 
 
 /**
  * Writes a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey to a compact buffer.
  * The buffer requires space for at least the compacted length of
  * a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey in bytes.
  * If the buffer is too small, the function returns -1 as error.
  * If the key is not valid, it returns -2 as error.
  *
  * @param key the key
  * @param buffer the buffer
  * @param len the length of buffer
  * @return -1 or -2 on error, else the amount of bytes written to the buffer
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_write_private_key_to_buffer (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *key,
   void*buffer,
   size_t len);
 
 
 /**
  * Get the compacted length of a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature.
  * Compacted means that it returns the minimum number of bytes this
  * signature is long, as opposed to the union structure inside
  * #GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature.
  * Useful for compact serializations.
  *
  * @param sig the signature.
  * @return -1 on error, else the compacted length of the signature.
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_signature_get_length (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature *sig);
 
 
 /**
  * Get the compacted length of a signature by type.
  * Compacted means that it returns the minimum number of bytes this
  * signature is long, as opposed to the union structure inside
  * #GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature.
  * Useful for compact serializations.
  *
  * @param sig the signature.
  * @return -1 on error, else the compacted length of the signature.
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_signature_get_raw_length_by_type (uint32_t type);
 
 
 /**
  * Reads a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature from a compact buffer.
  * The buffer has to contain at least the compacted length of
  * a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature in bytes.
  * If the buffer is too small, the function returns -1 as error.
  * If the buffer does not contain a valid key, it returns -2 as error.
  *
  * @param sig the signature
  * @param buffer the buffer
  * @param len the length of buffer
  * @return -1 or -2 on error, else the amount of bytes read from the buffer
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_read_signature_from_buffer (
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature *sig,
   const void*buffer,
   size_t len);
 
 
 /**
  * Writes a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature to a compact buffer.
  * The buffer requires space for at least the compacted length of
  * a #GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature in bytes.
  * If the buffer is too small, the function returns -1 as error.
  * If the key is not valid, it returns -2 as error.
  *
  * @param sig the signature
  * @param buffer the buffer
  * @param len the length of buffer
  * @return -1 or -2 on error, else the amount of bytes written to the buffer
  */
 ssize_t
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_write_signature_to_buffer (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature *sig,
   void*buffer,
   size_t len);
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Sign a given block.
  *
  * The @a purpose data is the beginning of the data of which the signature is
  * to be created. The `size` field in @a purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header. If possible,
  * use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_sign() instead of this function.
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param purpose what to sign (size, purpose)
  * @param[out] sig where to write the signature
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_sign_ (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *priv,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *purpose,
   struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature *sig);
 
 /**
  * @brief Sign a given block.
  *
  * The @a purpose data is the beginning of the data of which the signature is
  * to be created. The `size` field in @a purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.
  * The signature payload and length depends on the key type.
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param purpose what to sign (size, purpose)
  * @param[out] sig where to write the signature
  * @return #GNUNET_SYSERR on error, #GNUNET_OK on success
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_sign_raw_ (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *priv,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *purpose,
   unsigned char *sig);
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Sign a given block with #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey.
  *
  * The @a ps data must be a fixed-size struct for which the signature is to be
  * created. The `size` field in @a ps->purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.
  *
  * @param priv private key to use for the signing
  * @param ps packed struct with what to sign, MUST begin with a purpose
  * @param[out] sig where to write the signature
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_sign(priv,ps,sig) do {                \
     /* check size is set correctly */                                     \
     GNUNET_assert (ntohl ((ps)->purpose.size) == sizeof (*(ps)));         \
     /* check 'ps' begins with the purpose */                              \
     GNUNET_static_assert (((void*) (ps)) ==                               \
                           ((void*) &(ps)->purpose));                      \
     GNUNET_assert (GNUNET_OK ==                                           \
                    GNUNET_CRYPTO_sign_ (priv,               \
                                         &(ps)->purpose,             \
                                         sig));                      \
 } while (0)
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Verify a given signature.
  *
  * The @a validate data is the beginning of the data of which the signature
  * is to be verified. The `size` field in @a validate must correctly indicate
  * the number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.  If @a
  * purpose does not match the purpose given in @a validate (the latter must be
  * in big endian), signature verification fails.  If possible,
  * use #GNUNET_CRYPTO_signature_verify() instead of this function (only if @a validate
  * is not fixed-size, you must use this function directly).
  *
  * @param purpose what is the purpose that the signature should have?
  * @param validate block to validate (size, purpose, data)
  * @param sig signature that is being validated
  * @param pub public key of the signer
  * @returns #GNUNET_OK if ok, #GNUNET_SYSERR if invalid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_signature_verify_ (
   uint32_t purpose,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *validate,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_Signature *sig,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey *pub);
 
 /**
  * @brief Verify a given signature.
  *
  * The @a validate data is the beginning of the data of which the signature
  * is to be verified. The `size` field in @a validate must correctly indicate
  * the number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.  If @a
  * purpose does not match the purpose given in @a validate (the latter must be
  * in big endian), signature verification fails.
  *
  * @param purpose what is the purpose that the signature should have?
  * @param validate block to validate (size, purpose, data)
  * @param sig signature that is being validated
  * @param pub public key of the signer
  * @returns #GNUNET_OK if ok, #GNUNET_SYSERR if invalid
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_signature_verify_raw_ (
   uint32_t purpose,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_EccSignaturePurpose *validate,
   const unsigned char *sig,
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey *pub);
 
 
 /**
  * @brief Verify a given signature with #GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey.
  *
  * The @a ps data must be a fixed-size struct for which the signature is to be
  * created. The `size` field in @a ps->purpose must correctly indicate the
  * number of bytes of the data structure, including its header.
  *
  * @param purp purpose of the signature, must match 'ps->purpose.purpose'
  *              (except in host byte order)
  * @param ps packed struct with what to sign, MUST begin with a purpose
  * @param sig where to read the signature from
  * @param pub public key to use for the verifying
  */
 #define GNUNET_CRYPTO_signature_verify(purp,ps,sig,pub) ({             \
     /* check size is set correctly */                                     \
     GNUNET_assert (ntohl ((ps)->purpose.size) == sizeof (*(ps)));         \
     /* check 'ps' begins with the purpose */                              \
     GNUNET_static_assert (((void*) (ps)) ==                               \
                           ((void*) &(ps)->purpose));                      \
     GNUNET_CRYPTO_signature_verify_ (purp,                              \
                                      &(ps)->purpose,                    \
                                      sig,                               \
                                      pub);                              \
   })
 
 
 /**
  * Creates a (Base32) string representation of the public key.
  * The resulting string encodes a compacted representation of the key.
  * See also #GNUNET_CRYPTO_key_get_length.
  *
  * @param key the key.
  * @return the string representation of the key, or NULL on error.
  */
 char *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_public_key_to_string (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Creates a (Base32) string representation of the private key.
  * The resulting string encodes a compacted representation of the key.
  * See also #GNUNET_CRYPTO_key_get_length.
  *
  * @param key the key.
  * @return the string representation of the key, or NULL on error.
  */
 char *
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_private_key_to_string (
   const struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Parses a (Base32) string representation of the public key.
  * See also #GNUNET_CRYPTO_public_key_to_string.
  *
  * @param str the encoded key.
  * @param key where to write the key.
  * @return GNUNET_SYSERR on error.
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_public_key_from_string (const char*str,
                                       struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Parses a (Base32) string representation of the private key.
  * See also #GNUNET_CRYPTO_private_key_to_string.
  *
  * @param str the encoded key.
  * @param key where to write the key.
  * @return GNUNET_SYSERR on error.
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_private_key_from_string (const char*str,
                                        struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *key);
 
 
 /**
  * Retrieves the public key representation of a private key.
  *
  * @param privkey the private key.
  * @param key the public key result.
  * @return GNUNET_SYSERR on error.
  */
 enum GNUNET_GenericReturnValue
 GNUNET_CRYPTO_key_get_public (const struct
                               GNUNET_CRYPTO_PrivateKey *privkey,
                               struct GNUNET_CRYPTO_PublicKey *key);
 
 #if 0 /* keep Emacsens' auto-indent happy */
 {
 #endif
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
 
 
 /* ifndef GNUNET_CRYPTO_LIB_H */
 #endif
 
 /** @} */ /* end of group addition */
 
 /* end of gnunet_crypto_lib.h */