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|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="Internet-Draft">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta content="Common,Latin" name="scripts">
<meta content="initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport">
<title>
The GNU Name System Specification
</title>
<meta content="Martin Schanzenbach" name="author">
<meta content="
This document contains the GNU Name System (GNS) technical specification.
" name="description">
<meta content="xml2rfc 2.26.0" name="generator">
<meta content="name systems" name="keyword">
<link href="draft-schanzen-gns.xml" type="application/rfc+xml" rel="alternate">
<link href="#copyright" rel="license">
<style type="text/css">/*
NOTE: Changes at the bottom of this file overrides some earlier settings.
Once the style has stabilized and has been adopted as an official RFC style,
this can be consolidated so that style settings occur only in one place, but
for now the contents of this file consists first of the initial CSS work as
provided to the RFC Formatter (xml2rfc) work, followed by itemized and
commented changes found necssary during the development of the v3
formatters.
*/
/* fonts */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Sans'); /* Sans-serif */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Noto+Serif'); /* Serif (print) */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Mono'); /* Monospace */
@viewport {
zoom: 1.0;
width: extend-to-zoom;
}
@-ms-viewport {
width: extend-to-zoom;
zoom: 1.0;
}
/* general and mobile first */
html {
}
body {
max-width: 90%;
margin: 1.5em auto;
color: #222;
background-color: #fff;
font-size: 14px;
font-family: 'Noto Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.6;
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
.ears {
display: none;
}
/* headings */
#title, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
margin: 1em 0 0.5em;
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 1.3;
}
#title {
clear: both;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
margin: 0 0 0.5em 0;
padding: 1em 0 0.5em;
}
.author {
padding-bottom: 4px;
}
h1 {
font-size: 26px;
margin: 1em 0;
}
h2 {
font-size: 22px;
margin-top: -20px; /* provide offset for in-page anchors */
padding-top: 33px;
}
h3 {
font-size: 18px;
margin-top: -36px; /* provide offset for in-page anchors */
padding-top: 42px;
}
h4 {
font-size: 16px;
margin-top: -36px; /* provide offset for in-page anchors */
padding-top: 42px;
}
h5, h6 {
font-size: 14px;
}
#n-copyright-notice {
border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
padding-bottom: 1em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
}
/* general structure */
p {
padding: 0;
margin: 0 0 1em 0;
text-align: left;
}
div, span {
position: relative;
}
div {
margin: 0;
}
.alignRight.art-text {
background-color: #f9f9f9;
border: 1px solid #eee;
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 1em 1em 0;
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
.alignRight.art-text pre {
padding: 0;
}
.alignRight {
margin: 1em 0;
}
.alignRight > *:first-child {
border: none;
margin: 0;
float: right;
clear: both;
}
.alignRight > *:nth-child(2) {
clear: both;
display: block;
border: none;
}
svg {
display: block;
}
.alignCenter.art-text {
background-color: #f9f9f9;
border: 1px solid #eee;
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 1em 1em 0;
margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}
.alignCenter.art-text pre {
padding: 0;
}
.alignCenter {
margin: 1em 0;
}
.alignCenter > *:first-child {
border: none;
/* this isn't optimal, but it's an existence proof. PrinceXML doesn't
support flexbox yet.
*/
display: table;
margin: 0 auto;
}
/* lists */
ol, ul {
padding: 0;
margin: 0 0 1em 2em;
}
ol ol, ul ul, ol ul, ul ol {
margin-left: 1em;
}
li {
margin: 0 0 0.25em 0;
}
.ulCompact li {
margin: 0;
}
ul.empty, .ulEmpty {
list-style-type: none;
}
ul.empty li, .ulEmpty li {
margin-top: 0.5em;
}
ul.compact, .ulCompact,
ol.compact, .olCompact {
line-height: 100%;
margin: 0 0 0 2em;
}
/* definition lists */
dl {
}
dl > dt {
float: left;
margin-right: 1em;
}
/*
dl.nohang > dt {
float: none;
}
*/
dl > dd {
margin-bottom: .8em;
min-height: 1.3em;
}
dl.compact > dd, .dlCompact > dd {
margin-bottom: 0em;
}
dl > dd > dl {
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0em;
}
/* links */
a {
text-decoration: none;
}
a[href] {
color: #22e; /* Arlen: WCAG 2019 */
}
a[href]:hover {
background-color: #f2f2f2;
}
figcaption a[href],
a[href].selfRef {
color: #222;
}
/* XXX probably not this:
a.selfRef:hover {
background-color: transparent;
cursor: default;
} */
/* Figures */
tt, code, pre, code {
background-color: #f9f9f9;
font-family: 'Roboto Mono', monospace;
}
pre {
border: 1px solid #eee;
margin: 0;
padding: 1em;
}
img {
max-width: 100%;
}
figure {
margin: 0;
}
figure blockquote {
margin: 0.8em 0.4em 0.4em;
}
figcaption {
font-style: italic;
margin: 0 0 1em 0;
}
@media screen {
pre {
overflow-x: auto;
max-width: 100%;
max-width: calc(100% - 22px);
}
}
/* aside, blockquote */
aside, blockquote {
margin-left: 0;
padding: 1.2em 2em;
}
blockquote {
background-color: #f9f9f9;
color: #111; /* Arlen: WCAG 2019 */
border: 1px solid #ddd;
border-radius: 3px;
margin: 1em 0;
}
cite {
display: block;
text-align: right;
font-style: italic;
}
/* tables */
table {
width: 100%;
margin: 0 0 1em;
border-collapse: collapse;
border: 1px solid #eee;
}
th, td {
text-align: left;
vertical-align: top;
padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
}
th {
text-align: left;
background-color: #e9e9e9;
}
tr:nth-child(2n+1) > td {
background-color: #f5f5f5;
}
table caption {
font-style: italic;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
text-align: left;
}
table p {
/* XXX to avoid bottom margin on table row signifiers. If paragraphs should
be allowed within tables more generally, it would be far better to select on a class. */
margin: 0;
}
/* pilcrow */
a.pilcrow {
color: #666; /* Arlen: AHDJ 2019 */
text-decoration: none;
visibility: hidden;
user-select: none;
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<table class="ears">
<thead><tr>
<td class="left">Internet-Draft</td>
<td class="center">The GNU Name System</td>
<td class="right">July 2019</td>
</tr></thead>
<tfoot><tr>
<td class="left">Schanzenbach</td>
<td class="center">Expires 24 January 2020</td>
<td class="right">[Page]</td>
</tr></tfoot>
</table>
<div class="document-information">
<dl id="identifiers">
<dt class="label-workgroup">Workgroup:</dt>
<dd class="workgroup">Independent Stream</dd>
<dt class="label-internet-draft">Internet-Draft:</dt>
<dd class="internet-draft">draft-schanzen-gns-00</dd>
<dt class="label-published">Published:</dt>
<dd class="published">
<time datetime="2019-07-23" class="published">23 July 2019</time>
</dd>
<dt class="label-intended-status">Intended Status:</dt>
<dd class="intended-status">Informational</dd>
<dt class="label-expires">Expires:</dt>
<dd class="expires"><time datetime="2020-01-24">24 January 2020</time></dd>
<dt class="label-authors">Author:</dt>
<dd class="authors">
<div class="author">
<div class="author-name">M.S. Schanzenbach</div>
<div class="org">GNUnet e.V.</div>
</div>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h1 id="title">
The GNU Name System Specification
</h1>
<section id="section-abstract">
<h2 id="abstract"><a href="#abstract" class="selfRef">Abstract</a></h2>
<p id="section-abstract-1">This document contains the GNU Name System (GNS) technical specification.<a href="#section-abstract-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
<div id="status-of-memo">
<section id="section-boilerplate.1">
<h2 id="name-status-of-this-memo">
<a href="#name-status-of-this-memo" class="section-name selfRef">Status of This Memo</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-1">
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-2">
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working
documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is
at <span><a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/">https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/</a></span>.<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-3">
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.1-4">
This Internet-Draft will expire on 24 January 2020.<a href="#section-boilerplate.1-4" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="copyright">
<section id="section-boilerplate.2">
<h2 id="name-copyright-notice">
<a href="#name-copyright-notice" class="section-name selfRef">Copyright Notice</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-boilerplate.2-1">
Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.<a href="#section-boilerplate.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-boilerplate.2-2">
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(<span><a href="https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a></span>) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with
respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this
document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in
Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without
warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.<a href="#section-boilerplate.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="toc">
<section id="section-boilerplate.3">
<a href="#" onclick="scroll(0,0)" class="toplink">▲</a><h2 id="name-table-of-contents">
<a href="#name-table-of-contents" class="section-name selfRef">Table of Contents</a>
</h2>
<nav class="toc"><ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.1.1"><a href="#section-1" class="xref">1</a>. <a href="#name-introduction" class="xref">Introduction</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.2.1"><a href="#section-2" class="xref">2</a>. <a href="#name-zones" class="xref">Zones</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.1"><a href="#section-3" class="xref">3</a>. <a href="#name-resource-records" class="xref">Resource records</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.1.1"><a href="#section-3.1" class="xref">3.1</a>. <a href="#name-flags" class="xref">Flags</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.2.1"><a href="#section-3.2" class="xref">3.2</a>. <a href="#name-gns-resource-record-types" class="xref">GNS resource record types</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.3.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.1"><a href="#section-4" class="xref">4</a>. <a href="#name-publishing-records" class="xref">Publishing records</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<ul class="toc ulEmpty">
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.1"><a href="#section-4.1" class="xref">4.1</a>. <a href="#name-resource-records-block" class="xref">Resource records block</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.1.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.1"><a href="#section-4.2" class="xref">4.2</a>. <a href="#name-block-data-encryption" class="xref">Block data encryption</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.4.2.2.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.5">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.5.1"><a href="#section-5" class="xref">5</a>. <a href="#name-internationalization-and-ch" class="xref">Internationalization and Character Encoding</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.5.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.6">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.6.1"><a href="#section-6" class="xref">6</a>. <a href="#name-security-considerations" class="xref">Security Considerations</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.6.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.7">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.7.1"><a href="#section-7" class="xref">7</a>. <a href="#name-record-resolution" class="xref">Record Resolution</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.7.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.8">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.8.1"><a href="#section-8" class="xref">8</a>. <a href="#name-namespace-revocation" class="xref">Namespace Revocation</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.8.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.9">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.9.1"><a href="#section-9" class="xref">9</a>. <a href="#name-iana-considerations" class="xref">IANA Considerations</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.9.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.10">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.10.1"><a href="#section-10" class="xref">10</a>. <a href="#name-normative-references" class="xref">Normative References</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.10.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
<li class="toc ulEmpty" id="section-boilerplate.3-1.11">
<p id="section-boilerplate.3-1.11.1"><a href="#section-appendix.a" class="xref"></a> <a href="#name-authors-address" class="xref">Author's Address</a><a href="#section-boilerplate.3-1.11.1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</section>
</div>
<div id="introduction">
<section id="section-1">
<h2 id="name-introduction">
<a href="#section-1" class="section-number selfRef">1. </a><a href="#name-introduction" class="section-name selfRef">Introduction</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-1-1">
This document contains the GNU Name System (GNS) technical specification
for secure, censorship-resistant and decentralised name resolution.<a href="#section-1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1-2">
This document defines the normative wire format of resource records, resolution processes,
cryptographic routines and security considerations for use by implementors.<a href="#section-1-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<p id="section-1-3"><a href="#section-1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="zones">
<section id="section-2">
<h2 id="name-zones">
<a href="#section-2" class="section-number selfRef">2. </a><a href="#name-zones" class="section-name selfRef">Zones</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-2-1">
A zone in GNS is defined by a public/private ECC key pair (x,x*P),
where P is the generator of an elliptic curve, x is the private key and
x*P the corresponding public key.
The keys are constructed using the Curve25519 ECC scheme as defined in
<span>[<a href="#RFC7748" class="xref">RFC7748</a>]</span>.
The public key "x*P" is used to uniquely identify and refer to the zone.
Records published in the zone are signed using a private key derived
from the private key "x" as described in <a href="#publish" class="xref">Section 4</a>.<a href="#section-2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="rrecords">
<section id="section-3">
<h2 id="name-resource-records">
<a href="#section-3" class="section-number selfRef">3. </a><a href="#name-resource-records" class="section-name selfRef">Resource records</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-3-1">
A GNS resource record holds the data of a specific record in a zone.
The resource record wire format is defined as follows:<a href="#section-3-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="figure_gnsrecord">
<figure id="figure-1">
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-3-2.1">
<pre>
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| EXPIRATION |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| DATA SIZE | TYPE |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| FLAGS | DATA /
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ /
/ /
/ /
/ |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
</pre>
</div>
<figcaption><a href="#figure-1" class="selfRef">Figure 1</a></figcaption></figure>
</div>
<p id="section-3-3">where:<a href="#section-3-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<dl class="dlParallel" id="section-3-4">
<dt id="section-3-4.1">EXPIRATION</dt>
<dd id="section-3-4.2">
Denotes the absolute expiration date of the record.
In microseconds since midnight (0 hour), January 1, 1970 in network
byte order.<a href="#section-3-4.2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-3-4.3">DATA SIZE</dt>
<dd id="section-3-4.4">
The resource record data length in bytes and network byte order.<a href="#section-3-4.4" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-3-4.5">TYPE</dt>
<dd id="section-3-4.6">
The resource record type. This type can be one of the GNS resource
records as defined in <a href="#gnsrecords" class="xref">Section 3.2</a> or a DNS record
type as defined in <span>[<a href="#RFC1035" class="xref">RFC1035</a>]</span> or any of the
complementary standardized DNS resource record types.<a href="#section-3-4.6" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-3-4.7">FLAGS</dt>
<dd id="section-3-4.8">
Resource record flags. Flags are defined in <a href="#flags" class="xref">Section 3.1</a>.<a href="#section-3-4.8" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-3-4.9">DATA</dt>
<dd id="section-3-4.10">
The resource record data payload. The contents are defined by the
respective type of the resource record.<a href="#section-3-4.10" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
</dl>
<div id="flags">
<section id="section-3.1">
<h3 id="name-flags">
<a href="#section-3.1" class="section-number selfRef">3.1. </a><a href="#name-flags" class="section-name selfRef">Flags</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.1-1">
Flags indicate metadata surrounding the resource record. A flag
value of 0 indicates that all flags are unset. The following
illustrates the flag distribution in the 32-bit flag value of a
resource record:<a href="#section-3.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="figure_flag">
<figure id="figure-2">
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-3.1-2.1">
<pre>
... 5 4 3 2 1 0
------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
/ ... | SHADOW | EXPREL | / | PRIVATE| / |
------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
</pre>
</div>
<figcaption><a href="#figure-2" class="selfRef">Figure 2</a></figcaption></figure>
</div>
<p id="section-3.1-3">
where:<a href="#section-3.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<dl class="dlParallel" id="section-3.1-4">
<dt id="section-3.1-4.1">SHADOW</dt>
<dd id="section-3.1-4.2">
If this flag is set, this record should not be used unless all (other)
records with an absolute expiration time have expired.<a href="#section-3.1-4.2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-3.1-4.3">EXPREL</dt>
<dd id="section-3.1-4.4">
The expiration time value of the record is a relative time and not
an absolute time. This flag can be ignored by a resolver.<a href="#section-3.1-4.4" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-3.1-4.5">PRIVATE</dt>
<dd id="section-3.1-4.6">
This is a private record of this peer and it should thus not be
handed out to other peers. This flag should never be encountered by
a resolver.<a href="#section-3.1-4.6" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
</div>
<div id="gnsrecords">
<section id="section-3.2">
<h3 id="name-gns-resource-record-types">
<a href="#section-3.2" class="section-number selfRef">3.2. </a><a href="#name-gns-resource-record-types" class="section-name selfRef">GNS resource record types</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-3.2-1">The a PKEY DATA entry has the following format:<a href="#section-3.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="figure_pkeyrecord">
<figure id="figure-3">
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-3.2-2.1">
<pre>
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PUBLIC KEY |
| |
| |
| |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
</pre>
</div>
<figcaption><a href="#figure-3" class="selfRef">Figure 3</a></figcaption></figure>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div id="publish">
<section id="section-4">
<h2 id="name-publishing-records">
<a href="#section-4" class="section-number selfRef">4. </a><a href="#name-publishing-records" class="section-name selfRef">Publishing records</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-4-1">
GNS resource records are published in a distributed hash table (DHT).
Resource records are grouped by their respective labels and published
together in a single block in the DHT.
A resource records block is published under a key which is derived from
the respective label of the contained records.
Given a label, the DHT key "q" is derived as follows:<a href="#section-4-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-4-2">
<pre>
PRK_h := HKDF-Extract ("key-derivation", x*P)
h := HKDF-Expand (PRK_h, label | "gns", 512 / 8)
d := h*x mod p
q := SHA512 (d*P)
</pre><a href="#section-4-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-4-3">
We use a hash-based key derivation function (HKDF) as defined in
<span>[<a href="#RFC5869" class="xref">RFC5869</a>]</span>. We use HMAC-SHA512 for the extraction
phase and HMAC-SHA256 for the expansion phase.<a href="#section-4-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<dl class="dlParallel" id="section-4-4">
<dt id="section-4-4.1">h</dt>
<dd id="section-4-4.2">
is key material retrieved using an HKDF using the string
"key-derivation" as salt and the public key "x*P" as initial keying
material. The label and string "gns" are concatenated and used in the
HKDF expansion phase.<a href="#section-4-4.2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-4-4.3">d</dt>
<dd id="section-4-4.4">
is a private key derived from the zone key "x" using the keying
material "h" (512 bit) and "p" is a prime as defined in
<span>[<a href="#RFC7748" class="xref">RFC7748</a>]</span>.<a href="#section-4-4.4" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-4-4.5">q</dt>
<dd id="section-4-4.6">
Is the DHT key under which the resource records block is published.
It is the SHA512 hash over the public key "d*P" corresponding to the
derived private key "d".<a href="#section-4-4.6" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
</dl>
<div id="wire">
<section id="section-4.1">
<h3 id="name-resource-records-block">
<a href="#section-4.1" class="section-number selfRef">4.1. </a><a href="#name-resource-records-block" class="section-name selfRef">Resource records block</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.1-1">
GNS records are grouped by their labels are published as a single
block in the DHT.
The contained resource records are encrypted using a symmetric
encryption scheme.
A GNS resource records block has the following format:<a href="#section-4.1-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="figure_record_block">
<figure id="figure-4">
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-4.1-2.1">
<pre>
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| SIGNATURE |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PUBLIC KEY |
| |
| |
| |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| BDATA SIZE | PURPOSE |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| EXPIRATION |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| BDATA /
/ /
/ |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
</pre>
</div>
<figcaption><a href="#figure-4" class="selfRef">Figure 4</a></figcaption></figure>
</div>
<p id="section-4.1-3">where:<a href="#section-4.1-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<dl class="dlParallel" id="section-4.1-4">
<dt id="section-4.1-4.1">SIGNATURE</dt>
<dd id="section-4.1-4.2">
A 512-bit ECDSA signature. This field contains a 512-bit ECDSA
signature over the data following the PUBLIC KEY field.
The signature is create using the derived private key "d".<a href="#section-4.1-4.2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-4.1-4.3">PUBLIC KEY</dt>
<dd id="section-4.1-4.4">
The 256-bit ECC public key "d*P" to be used to verify SIGNATURE.<a href="#section-4.1-4.4" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-4.1-4.5">BDATA SIZE</dt>
<dd id="section-4.1-4.6">
A 32-bit value containing the length of the following data (PURPOSE,
EXPIRATION, BDATA) in network byte order.<a href="#section-4.1-4.6" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-4.1-4.7">PURPOSE</dt>
<dd id="section-4.1-4.8">
A 32-bit signature purpose flag. This field MUST be 15 (in network
byte order).<a href="#section-4.1-4.8" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-4.1-4.9">EXPIRATION</dt>
<dd id="section-4.1-4.10">
The resource records block expiration time. This is the expiration
time of the resource record contained within this block with the
smallest expiration time.
This is a 64-bit absolute date in microseconds since midnight
(0 hour), January 1, 1970 in network byte order.<a href="#section-4.1-4.10" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
<dt id="section-4.1-4.11">BDATA</dt>
<dd id="section-4.1-4.12">
The encrypted resource records with a total size of "BDATA SIZE".<a href="#section-4.1-4.12" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
</div>
<section id="section-4.2">
<h3 id="name-block-data-encryption">
<a href="#section-4.2" class="section-number selfRef">4.2. </a><a href="#name-block-data-encryption" class="section-name selfRef">Block data encryption</a>
</h3>
<p id="section-4.2-1">
Given a GNS record block a symmetric encryption scheme is used to
en-/decrypt "BDATA". The keys are derived from the record label
and a public key "d*P", where "d" is an ECDSA private key and "P"
is the EC generator. "d" is derived from the private key "x" of a GNS
zone.
Both label and public key and "x*P" are implicity known by a GNS
resolver while "d*P" is provided within the resource records block.
The keying material "K" and initialization vector "IV"
are derived as follows:<a href="#section-4.2-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-4.2-2">
<pre>
PRK_h := HKDF-Extract ("key-derivation", x*P)
h := HKDF-Expand (PRK_h, l | "gns", 512 / 8)
d := h*x mod p
PRK_kiv := HKDF-Extract (d*P, l)
K := HKDF-Expand (PRK_kiv, "gns-aes-ctx-key", 512 / 8);
IV := HKDF-Expand (PRK_kiv, "gns-aes-ctx-iv", 256 / 8)
</pre><a href="#section-4.2-2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-4.2-3">
We use a hash-based key derivation function (HKDF) as defined in
<span>[<a href="#RFC5869" class="xref">RFC5869</a>]</span>. We use HMAC-SHA512 for the extraction
phase and HMAC-SHA256 for the expansion phase.
The output keying material is 64 octets (512 bit) for the symmetric
keys and 32 octets (256 bit) for the initialization vector.
We divide the resulting keying material "K" into a 256-bit AES key
"Kaes" and a 256-bit TWOFISH key "Ktwo":<a href="#section-4.2-3" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="figure_hkdf_keys">
<figure id="figure-5">
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-4.2-4.1">
<pre>
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| AES KEY (Kaes) |
| |
| |
| |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| TWOFISH KEY (Ktwo) |
| |
| |
| |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
</pre>
</div>
<figcaption><a href="#figure-5" class="selfRef">Figure 5</a></figcaption></figure>
</div>
<p id="section-4.2-5">
Similarly, we divide "IV" into a 128-bit initialization vector IVaes
and a 128-bit initialization vector IVtwo:<a href="#section-4.2-5" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="figure_hkdf_ivs">
<figure id="figure-6">
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-4.2-6.1">
<pre>
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| AES IV (IVaes) |
| |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| TWOFISH IV (IVtwo) |
| |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
</pre>
</div>
<figcaption><a href="#figure-6" class="selfRef">Figure 6</a></figcaption></figure>
</div>
<p id="section-4.2-7">
The symmetric keys and IVs are used for a AES+TWOFISH combined
cipher. Both ciphers are used in Cipher FeedBack (CFB) mode.<a href="#section-4.2-7" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-4.2-8">
<pre>
RDATA := AES(Kaes, IVaes, TWOFISH(Ktwo, IVtwo, BDATA))
BDATA := TWOFISH(Ktwo, IVtwo, AES(Kaes, IVaes, RDATA))
</pre><a href="#section-4.2-8" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</div>
<p id="section-4.2-9">
The decrypted RDATA has the following format:<a href="#section-4.2-9" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<div id="figure_rdata">
<figure id="figure-7">
<div class="artwork art-text alignLeft" id="section-4.2-10.1">
<pre>
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| RR COUNT | EXPIRA- /
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
/ -TION | DATA SIZE |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| TYPE | FLAGS |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| DATA /
/ /
/ |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| EXPIRATION |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| DATA SIZE | TYPE |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| FLAGS | DATA /
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ /
/ /
/ /
/ /
</pre>
</div>
<figcaption><a href="#figure-7" class="selfRef">Figure 7</a></figcaption></figure>
</div>
<p id="section-4.2-11">where:<a href="#section-4.2-11" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
<dl class="dlParallel" id="section-4.2-12">
<dt id="section-4.2-12.1">RR COUNT</dt>
<dd id="section-4.2-12.2">
A 32-bit value containing the number of resource records which are
following.<a href="#section-4.2-12.2" class="pilcrow">¶</a>
</dd>
</dl>
<p id="section-4.2-13">
is followed by a set of resource records with the respective wire
formats defined in <a href="#rrecords" class="xref">Section 3</a>.<a href="#section-4.2-13" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</section>
</div>
<div id="encoding">
<section id="section-5">
<h2 id="name-internationalization-and-ch">
<a href="#section-5" class="section-number selfRef">5. </a><a href="#name-internationalization-and-ch" class="section-name selfRef">Internationalization and Character Encoding</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-5-1">
TODO<a href="#section-5-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="security">
<section id="section-6">
<h2 id="name-security-considerations">
<a href="#section-6" class="section-number selfRef">6. </a><a href="#name-security-considerations" class="section-name selfRef">Security Considerations</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-6-1">
TODO<a href="#section-6-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="resolution">
<section id="section-7">
<h2 id="name-record-resolution">
<a href="#section-7" class="section-number selfRef">7. </a><a href="#name-record-resolution" class="section-name selfRef">Record Resolution</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-7-1">
TODO<a href="#section-7-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="revocation">
<section id="section-8">
<h2 id="name-namespace-revocation">
<a href="#section-8" class="section-number selfRef">8. </a><a href="#name-namespace-revocation" class="section-name selfRef">Namespace Revocation</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-8-1">
TODO<a href="#section-8-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<div id="iana">
<section id="section-9">
<h2 id="name-iana-considerations">
<a href="#section-9" class="section-number selfRef">9. </a><a href="#name-iana-considerations" class="section-name selfRef">IANA Considerations</a>
</h2>
<p id="section-9-1">
This will be fun<a href="#section-9-1" class="pilcrow">¶</a></p>
</section>
</div>
<section id="section-10">
<h2 id="name-normative-references">
<a href="#section-10" class="section-number selfRef">10. </a><a href="#name-normative-references" class="section-name selfRef">Normative References</a>
</h2>
<dl class="references">
<dt id="RFC1035">[RFC1035]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Mockapetris, P.</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Domain names - implementation and specification"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">STD 13</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 1035</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC1035</span>, <time datetime="1987-11">November 1987</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1035">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1035</a>></span>. </dd>
<dt id="RFC5869">[RFC5869]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Krawczyk, H.</span><span class="refAuthor"> and P. Eronen</span>, <span class="refTitle">"
HMAC-based Extract-and-Expand Key Derivation Function (HKDF)
"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 5869</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC5869</span>, <time datetime="2010-05">May 2010</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5869">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5869</a>></span>. </dd>
<dt id="RFC7748">[RFC7748]</dt>
<dd>
<span class="refAuthor">Langley, A.</span><span class="refAuthor">, Hamburg, M.</span><span class="refAuthor">, and S. Turner</span>, <span class="refTitle">"Elliptic Curves for Security"</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">RFC 7748</span>, <span class="seriesInfo">DOI 10.17487/RFC7748</span>, <time datetime="2016-01">January 2016</time>, <span><<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7748">https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7748</a>></span>. </dd>
</dl>
</section>
<div id="authors-addresses">
<section id="section-appendix.a">
<h2 id="name-authors-address">
<a href="#name-authors-address" class="section-name selfRef">Author's Address</a>
</h2>
<address class="vcard">
<div dir="auto" class="left"><span class="fn nameRole">Martin Schanzenbach</span></div>
<div dir="auto" class="left"><span class="org">GNUnet e.V.</span></div>
<div dir="auto" class="left"><span class="street-address">Boltzmannstrasse 3</span></div>
<div dir="auto" class="left">
<span class="postal-code">85748</span> <span class="locality">Garching</span>
</div>
<div dir="auto" class="left"><span class="country-name">Germany</span></div>
<div class="email">
<span>Email:</span>
<a href="mailto:schanzen@gnunet.org" class="email">schanzen@gnunet.org</a>
</div>
</address>
</section>
</div>
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