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authorMartin Schanzenbach <mschanzenbach@posteo.de>2021-03-12 12:47:20 +0100
committerMartin Schanzenbach <mschanzenbach@posteo.de>2021-03-12 12:47:20 +0100
commit6930bcd5effeefcd281a9109084154ccc2cca9a6 (patch)
tree20e3eba8c41aa14743a544aa0d5f1c5ec0e900b8
parente9120817a835508a5750ed4588246aed58b153ec (diff)
downloadwww-6930bcd5effeefcd281a9109084154ccc2cca9a6.tar.gz
www-6930bcd5effeefcd281a9109084154ccc2cca9a6.zip
start migration of faq
-rw-r--r--locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po558
-rw-r--r--locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po626
-rw-r--r--locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po554
-rw-r--r--locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po577
-rw-r--r--locale/messages.pot563
-rw-r--r--template/faq.html.j2553
6 files changed, 3283 insertions, 148 deletions
diff --git a/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po b/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
index 99538b83..2134e188 100644
--- a/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
+++ b/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid ""
7msgstr "" 7msgstr ""
8"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n" 8"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n"
9"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n" 9"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
10"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-03 21:41+0100\n" 10"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-12 12:43+0100\n"
11"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-02-17 15:13+0000\n" 11"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-02-17 15:13+0000\n"
12"Last-Translator: Weblate Admin <admin@example.com>\n" 12"Last-Translator: Weblate Admin <admin@example.com>\n"
13"Language-Team: German <http://weblate.taler.net/projects/gnunet/website/de/" 13"Language-Team: German <http://weblate.taler.net/projects/gnunet/website/de/"
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ msgid "About"
66msgstr "Über GNUnet" 66msgstr "Über GNUnet"
67 67
68#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8 68#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8
69#: news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:13
69#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13 70#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13
70msgid "News" 71msgid "News"
71msgstr "Neues" 72msgstr "Neues"
@@ -164,17 +165,20 @@ msgstr "REST API"
164msgid "FAQ" 165msgid "FAQ"
165msgstr "FAQ" 166msgstr "FAQ"
166 167
167#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16 168#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:16
169#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16
168#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16 170#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16
169msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events" 171msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events"
170msgstr "" 172msgstr ""
171 173
172#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21 174#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:21
175#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:21 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21
173#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21 176#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21
174msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed" 177msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed"
175msgstr "" 178msgstr ""
176 179
177#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40 180#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:40
181#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:40 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40
178#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40 182#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40
179msgid "read more" 183msgid "read more"
180msgstr "" 184msgstr ""
@@ -811,11 +815,123 @@ msgid ""
811"<dd>DE67830654080004822650 (BIC/SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR)</dd> </dl>" 815"<dd>DE67830654080004822650 (BIC/SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR)</dd> </dl>"
812msgstr "" 816msgstr ""
813 817
814#: template/faq.html.j2:12 818#: template/faq.html.j2:12 template/faq.html.j2:21
819msgid "General"
820msgstr ""
821
822#: template/faq.html.j2:13 template/faq.html.j2:146 template/gns.html.j2:37
823msgid "Features"
824msgstr ""
825
826#: template/faq.html.j2:15 template/faq.html.j2:539
827msgid "Error messages"
828msgstr ""
829
830#: template/faq.html.j2:24
831msgid "What do I do if my question is not answered here?"
832msgstr ""
833
834#: template/faq.html.j2:26
835msgid ""
836"A: There are many other sources of information. You can read additional "
837"documentation or ask the question on the help-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list or "
838"the #gnunet IRC on irc.freenode.net."
839msgstr ""
840
841#: template/faq.html.j2:34
842msgid "When are you going to release the next version?"
843msgstr ""
844
845#: template/faq.html.j2:36
846msgid ""
847"A: The general answer is, when it is ready. A better answer may be: earlier "
848"if you contribute (test, debug, code, document). Every release will be "
849"anounced on the info-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list and on <a href=\"https://"
850"planet.gnu.org\">planet GNU</a>. You can subscribe to the mailing list or "
851"the RSS feed of this site to automatically receive a notification."
852msgstr ""
853
854#: template/faq.html.j2:47
855msgid "Is the code free?"
856msgstr ""
857
858#: template/faq.html.j2:49
859msgid ""
860"A: GNUnet is free software, available under the <a href=\"https://www.gnu."
861"org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html\">GNU Affero Public License (AGPL)</a>."
862msgstr ""
863
864#: template/faq.html.j2:56
865msgid "Are there any known bugs?"
866msgstr ""
867
868#: template/faq.html.j2:58
869msgid ""
870"A: We track the list of currently known bugs in the <a href=\"https://bugs."
871"gnunet.org/\">Mantis system</a>. Some bugs are occasionally reported "
872"directly to developers or the developer mailing list. This is discouraged "
873"since developers often do not have the time to feed these bugs back into the "
874"Mantis database. Please report bugs directly to the bug tracking system. If "
875"you believe a bug is sensitive, you can set its view status to private (this "
876"should be the exception)."
877msgstr ""
878
879#: template/faq.html.j2:71
880msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?"
881msgstr "Gibt es eine Graphische Benutzeroberfläche?"
882
883#: template/faq.html.j2:73
884msgid ""
885"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ "
886"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration."
887msgstr ""
888
889#: template/faq.html.j2:81
890msgid "Why does gnunet-service-nse create a high CPU load?"
891msgstr ""
892
893#: template/faq.html.j2:83
894msgid ""
895"A: The gnunet-service-nse process will initially compute a so-called &quot;"
896"proof-of-work&quot; which is used to convince the network that your peer is "
897"real (or, rather, make it expensive for an adversary to mount a Sybil attack "
898"on the network size estimator). The calculation is expected to take a few "
899"days, depending on how fast your CPU is. If the CPU load is creating a "
900"problem for you, you can set the value &quot;WORKDELAY&quot; in the &quot;"
901"nse&quot; section of your configuration file to a higher value. The default "
902"is &quot;5 ms&quot;."
903msgstr ""
904
905#: template/faq.html.j2:97
906msgid "How does GNUnet compare to Tor?"
907msgstr ""
908
909#: template/faq.html.j2:99
910msgid ""
911"A: Tor focuses on anonymous communication and censorship-resistance for TCP "
912"connections and, with the Tor Browser Bundle, for the Web in particular. "
913"GNUnet does not really have one focus; our theme is secure decentralized "
914"networking, but that is too broad to be called a focus."
915msgstr ""
916
917#: template/faq.html.j2:109
918msgid "How does GNUnet compare to I2P?"
919msgstr ""
920
921#: template/faq.html.j2:111
922msgid ""
923"A: Both GNUnet and I2P want to build a better, more secure, more "
924"decentralized Internet. However, on the technical side, there are almost no "
925"overlaps. <br><br> I2P is written in Java, and has (asymmetric) tunnels "
926"using onion (or garlic) routing as the basis for various (anonymized) "
927"applications. I2P is largely used via a Web frontend."
928msgstr ""
929
930#: template/faq.html.j2:122
815msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?" 931msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?"
816msgstr "" 932msgstr ""
817 933
818#: template/faq.html.j2:14 934#: template/faq.html.j2:124
819msgid "" 935msgid ""
820"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet ready " 936"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet ready "
821"for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on the " 937"for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on the "
@@ -824,24 +940,406 @@ msgid ""
824"rewriting it (Project &quot;Transport Next Generation [TNG]&quot;)" 940"rewriting it (Project &quot;Transport Next Generation [TNG]&quot;)"
825msgstr "" 941msgstr ""
826 942
827#: template/faq.html.j2:24 943#: template/faq.html.j2:134
828msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?" 944msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?"
829msgstr "" 945msgstr ""
830 946
831#: template/faq.html.j2:26 947#: template/faq.html.j2:136
832msgid "" 948msgid ""
833"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, " 949"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, "
834"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be " 950"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be "
835"built using GNUnet, we currently have no plans in doing so." 951"built using GNUnet, we currently have no plans in doing so."
836msgstr "" 952msgstr ""
837 953
838#: template/faq.html.j2:35 954#: template/faq.html.j2:148
955#, fuzzy
956#| msgid "What is GNUnet?"
957msgid "What can I do with GNUnet?"
958msgstr "Was ist GNUnet?"
959
960#: template/faq.html.j2:150
961msgid ""
962"A: GNUnet is a peer-to-peer framework, by which we mostly mean that it can "
963"do more than just one thing. Naturally, the implementation and documentation "
964"of some of the features that exist are more advanced than others."
965msgstr ""
966
967#: template/faq.html.j2:157
968msgid ""
969"For users, GNUnet offers anonymous and non-anonymous file-sharing, a fully "
970"decentralized and censorship-resistant replacement for DNS and a mechanism "
971"for IPv4-IPv6 protocol translation and tunneling (NAT-PT with DNS-ALG)."
972msgstr ""
973
974#: template/faq.html.j2:171
975msgid "Who runs the GNS root zone?"
976msgstr ""
977
978#: template/faq.html.j2:173
979msgid ""
980"A: Short answer: you. The long answer is the GNUnet will ship with a default "
981"configuration of top-level domains. The governance of this default "
982"configuration is not yet established. In any case, the user will be able to "
983"modify this configuration at will. We expect normal users to have no need to "
984"edit their own GNS zone(s) unless they host services themselves."
985msgstr ""
986
987#: template/faq.html.j2:184
988msgid "Where is the per-user GNS database kept?"
989msgstr ""
990
991#: template/faq.html.j2:186
992msgid ""
993"A: The short answer is that the database is kept at the user's GNUnet peer. "
994"Now, a user may run multiple GNUnet peers, in which case the database could "
995"be kept at each peer (however, we don't have code for convenient "
996"replication). Similarly, multiple GNUnet peers can share one instance of the "
997"database --- the &quot;gnunet-service-namestore&quot; can be accessed from "
998"remote (via TCP). The actual data can be stored in a Postgres database, for "
999"which various replication options are again applicable. Ultimately, there "
1000"are many options for how users can store (and secure) their GNS database."
1001msgstr ""
1002
1003#: template/faq.html.j2:201
1004msgid "What is the expected average size of a GNS namestore database?"
1005msgstr ""
1006
1007#: template/faq.html.j2:203
1008msgid ""
1009"A: Pretty small. Based on our user study where we looked at browser "
1010"histories and the number of domains visited, we expect that GNS databases "
1011"will only grow to a few tens of thousands of entries, small enough to fit "
1012"even on mobile devices."
1013msgstr ""
1014
1015#: template/faq.html.j2:213
1016msgid "Is GNS resistant to the attacks on DNS used by the US?"
1017msgstr ""
1018
1019#: template/faq.html.j2:215
1020msgid ""
1021"A: We believe so, as there is no entity that any government could force to "
1022"change the mapping for a name except for each individual user (and then the "
1023"changes would only apply to the names that this user is the authority for). "
1024"So if everyone used GNS, the only practical attack of a government would be "
1025"to force the operator of a server to change the GNS records for his server "
1026"to point elsewhere. However, if the owner of the private key for a zone is "
1027"unavailable for enforcement, the respective zone cannot be changed and any "
1028"other zone delegating to this zone will achieve proper resolution."
1029msgstr ""
1030
1031#: template/faq.html.j2:229
1032msgid "What is the difference between GNS and CoDoNS?"
1033msgstr ""
1034
1035#: template/faq.html.j2:231
1036msgid ""
1037"A: CoDoNS decentralizes the DNS database (using a DHT) but preserves the "
1038"authority structure of DNS. With CoDoNS, IANA/ICANN are still in charge, and "
1039"there are still registrars that determine who owns a name. <br><br> With "
1040"GNS, we decentralize the database and also decentralize the responsibility "
1041"for naming: each user runs his own personal root zone and is thus in "
1042"complete control of the names he uses. GNS also has many additional features "
1043"(to keep names short and enable migration) which don't even make sense in "
1044"the context of CoDoNS."
1045msgstr ""
1046
1047#: template/faq.html.j2:247
1048msgid "What is the difference between GNS and SocialDNS?"
1049msgstr ""
1050
1051#: template/faq.html.j2:249
1052msgid ""
1053"A: Like GNS, SocialDNS allows each user to create DNS mappings. However, "
1054"with SocialDNS the mappings are shared through the social network and "
1055"subjected to ranking. As the social relationships evolve, names can thus "
1056"change in surprising ways. <br><br> With GNS, names are primarily shared via "
1057"delegation, and thus mappings will only change if the user responsible for "
1058"the name (the authority) manually changes the record."
1059msgstr ""
1060
1061#: template/faq.html.j2:263
1062msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ODDNS?"
1063msgstr ""
1064
1065#: template/faq.html.j2:265
1066msgid ""
1067"A: ODDNS is primarily designed to bypass the DNS root zone and the TLD "
1068"registries (such as those for \".com\" and \".org\"). Instead of using "
1069"those, each user is expected to maintain a database of (second-level) "
1070"domains (like \"gnu.org\") and the IP addresses of the respective name "
1071"servers. Resolution will fail if the target name servers change IPs."
1072msgstr ""
1073
1074#: template/faq.html.j2:276
1075msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Namecoin?"
1076msgstr ""
1077
1078#: template/faq.html.j2:283
1079msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Handshake?"
1080msgstr ""
1081
1082#: template/faq.html.j2:289
1083msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ENS?"
1084msgstr ""
1085
1086#: template/faq.html.j2:295
1087msgid "What is the difference between GNS and TrickleDNS?"
1088msgstr ""
1089
1090#: template/faq.html.j2:297
1091msgid ""
1092"A: TrickleDNS pushes (&quot;critical&quot;) DNS records between DNS "
1093"resolvers of participating domains to provide &quot;better availability, "
1094"lower query resolution times, and faster update propagation&quot;. Thus "
1095"TrickleDNS is focused on defeating attacks on the availability (and "
1096"performance) of record propagation in DNS, for example via DDoS attacks on "
1097"DNS root servers. TrickleDNS is thus concerned with how to ensure "
1098"distribution of authoritative records, and authority remains derived from "
1099"the DNS hierarchy."
1100msgstr ""
1101
1102#: template/faq.html.j2:310
1103msgid ""
1104"Does GNS require real-world introduction (secure PKEY exchange) in the style "
1105"of the PGP web of trust?"
1106msgstr ""
1107
1108#: template/faq.html.j2:312
1109msgid ""
1110"A: For security, it is well known that an initial trust path between the two "
1111"parties must exist. However, for applications where this is not required, "
1112"weaker mechanisms can be used. For example, we have implemented a first-come-"
1113"first-served (FCFS) authority which allows arbitrary users to register "
1114"arbitrary names. The key of this authority is included with every GNUnet "
1115"installation. Thus, any name registered with FCFS is in fact global and "
1116"requires no further introduction. However, the security of these names "
1117"depends entirely on the trustworthiness of the FCFS authority. The authority "
1118"can be queried under the &quot;.ping&quot; TLD."
1119msgstr ""
1120
1121#: template/faq.html.j2:327
1122msgid ""
1123"How can a legitimate domain owner tell other people to not use his name in "
1124"GNS?"
1125msgstr ""
1126
1127#: template/faq.html.j2:329
1128msgid ""
1129"A: Names have no owners in GNS, so there cannot be a &quot;legitimate&quot; "
1130"domain owner. Any user can claim any name (as his preferred name or &quot;"
1131"pseudonym&quot;) in his NICK record. Similarly, all other users can choose "
1132"to ignore this preference and use a name of their choice (or even assign no "
1133"name) for this user."
1134msgstr ""
1135
1136#: template/faq.html.j2:340
1137msgid ""
1138"Did you consider the privacy implications of making your personal GNS zone "
1139"visible?"
1140msgstr ""
1141
1142#: template/faq.html.j2:342
1143msgid ""
1144"A: Each record in GNS has a flag &quot;private&quot;. Records are shared "
1145"with other users (via DHT or zone transfers) only if this flag is not set. "
1146"Thus, users have full control over what information about their zones is "
1147"made public."
1148msgstr ""
1149
1150#: template/faq.html.j2:352
1151msgid "Are \"Legacy Host\" (LEHO) records not going to be obsolete with IPv6?"
1152msgstr ""
1153
1154#: template/faq.html.j2:354
1155msgid ""
1156"A: The question presumes that (a) virtual hosting is only necessary because "
1157"of IPv4 address scarcity, and (b) that LEHOs are only useful in the context "
1158"of virtual hosting. However, LEHOs are also useful to help with X.509 "
1159"certificate validation (as they specify for which legacy hostname the "
1160"certificate should be valid). Also, even with IPv6 fully deployed and &quot;"
1161"infinite&quot; IP addresses being available, we're not sure that virtual "
1162"hosting would disappear. Finally, we don't want to have to wait for IPv6 to "
1163"become commonplace, GNS should work with today's networks."
1164msgstr ""
1165
1166#: template/faq.html.j2:368
1167msgid ""
1168"Why does GNS not use a trust metric or consensus to determine globally "
1169"unique names?"
1170msgstr ""
1171
1172#: template/faq.html.j2:370
1173msgid ""
1174"A: Trust metrics have the fundamental problem that they have thresholds. As "
1175"trust relationships evolve, mappings would change their meaning as they "
1176"cross each others thresholds. We decided that the resulting unpredictability "
1177"of the resolution process was not acceptable. Furthermore, trust and "
1178"consensus might be easy to manipulate by adversaries."
1179msgstr ""
1180
1181#: template/faq.html.j2:381
1182msgid "How do you handle compromised zone keys in GNS?"
1183msgstr ""
1184
1185#: template/faq.html.j2:383
1186msgid ""
1187"A: The owner of a private key can create a revocation message. This one can "
1188"then be flooded throughout the overlay network, creating a copy at all "
1189"peers. Before using a public key, peers check if that key has been revoked. "
1190"All names that involve delegation via a revoked zone will then fail to "
1191"resolve. Peers always automatically check for the existence of a revocation "
1192"message when resolving names."
1193msgstr ""
1194
1195#: template/faq.html.j2:395
1196msgid "Could the signing algorithm of GNS be upgraded in the future?"
1197msgstr ""
1198
1199#: template/faq.html.j2:397
1200msgid ""
1201"A: Yes. In our efforts to standardize GNS, we have already modified the "
1202"protocol to support alternative delegation records. <br> <br> Naturally, "
1203"deployed GNS implementations would have to be updated to support the new "
1204"signature scheme. The new scheme can then be run in parallel with the "
1205"existing system by using a new record type to indicate the use of a "
1206"different cipher system."
1207msgstr ""
1208
1209#: template/faq.html.j2:411
1210msgid ""
1211"How can a GNS zone maintain several name servers, e.g. for load balancing?"
1212msgstr ""
1213
1214#: template/faq.html.j2:413
1215msgid ""
1216"A: We don't expect this to be necessary, as GNS records are stored (and "
1217"replicated) in the R5N DHT. Thus the authority will typically not be "
1218"contacted whenever clients perform a lookup. Even if the authority goes "
1219"(temporarily) off-line, the DHT will cache the records for some time. "
1220"However, should having multiple servers for a zone be considered truly "
1221"necessary, the owner of the zone can simply run multiple peers (and share "
1222"the zone's key and database among them)."
1223msgstr ""
1224
1225#: template/faq.html.j2:426
1226msgid ""
1227"Why do you believe it is worth giving up unique names for censorship "
1228"resistance?"
1229msgstr ""
1230
1231#: template/faq.html.j2:428
1232msgid ""
1233"A: The GNU Name system offers an alternative to DNS that is censorship "
1234"resistant. As with any security mechanism, this comes at a cost (names are "
1235"not globally unique). To draw a parallel, HTTPS connections use more "
1236"bandwidth and have higher latency than HTTP connections. Depending on your "
1237"application, HTTPS may not be worth the cost. However, for users that are "
1238"experiencing censorship (or are concerned about it), giving up globally "
1239"unique names may very well be worth the cost. After all, what is a &quot;"
1240"globally&quot; unique name worth, if it does not resolve?"
1241msgstr ""
1242
1243#: template/faq.html.j2:442
1244msgid "Why do you say that DNS is 'centralized' and 'distributed'?"
1245msgstr ""
1246
1247#: template/faq.html.j2:444
1248msgid ""
1249"A: We say that DNS is 'centralized' because it has a central component / "
1250"central point of failure --- the root zone and its management by IANA/ICANN. "
1251"This centralization creates vulnerabilities. For example, the US government "
1252"was able to reassign the management of the country-TLDs of Afganistan and "
1253"Iraq during the wars at the beginning of the 21st century."
1254msgstr ""
1255
1256#: template/faq.html.j2:455
1257msgid "How does GNS protect against layer-3 censorship?"
1258msgstr ""
1259
1260#: template/faq.html.j2:457
1261msgid ""
1262"A: GNS does not directly help with layer-3 censorship, but it does help "
1263"indirectly in two ways: <ol> <li> Many websites today use virtual hosting, "
1264"so blocking a particular IP address causes much more collateral damage than "
1265"blocking a DNS name. It thus raises the cost of censorship.</li> <li> "
1266"Existing layer-3 circumvention solutions (such as Tor) would benefit from a "
1267"censorship resistant naming system. Accessing Tor's &quot;.onion&quot; "
1268"namespace currently requires users to use unmemorable cryptographic "
1269"identifiers. With nicer names, Tor and tor2web-like services would be even "
1270"easier to use. </ol>"
1271msgstr ""
1272
1273#: template/faq.html.j2:476
1274msgid "Does GNS work with search engines?"
1275msgstr ""
1276
1277#: template/faq.html.j2:478
1278msgid ""
1279"A: GNS creates no significant problems for search engines, as they can use "
1280"GNS to perform name resolution as well as any normal user. Naturally, while "
1281"we typically expect normal users to install custom software for name "
1282"resolution, this is unlikely to work for search engines today. However, the "
1283"DNS2GNS gateway allows search engines to use DNS to resolve GNS names, so "
1284"they can still index GNS resources. However, as using DNS2GNS gateways "
1285"breaks the cryptographic chain of trust, legacy search engines will "
1286"obviously not obtain censorship-resistant names."
1287msgstr ""
1288
1289#: template/faq.html.j2:492
1290msgid "How does GNS compare to the Unmanaged Internet Architecture (UIA)?"
1291msgstr ""
1292
1293#: template/faq.html.j2:494
1294msgid ""
1295"A: UIA and GNS both share the same basic naming model, which actually "
1296"originated with Rivest's SDSI. However, UIA is not concerned about "
1297"integration with legacy applications and instead focuses on universal "
1298"connectivity between a user's many machines. In contrast, GNS was designed "
1299"to interoperate with DNS as much as possible, and to also work as much as "
1300"possible with the existing Web infrastructure. UIA is not at all concerned "
1301"about legacy systems (clean slate)."
1302msgstr ""
1303
1304#: template/faq.html.j2:507
1305msgid "Doesn't GNS increase the trusted-computing base compared to DNS(SEC)?"
1306msgstr ""
1307
1308#: template/faq.html.j2:509
1309msgid ""
1310"A: First of all, in GNS you can explicitly see the trust chain, so you know "
1311"if a name you are resolving belongs to a friend, or a friend-of-a-friend, "
1312"and can thus decide how much you trust the result. Naturally, the trusted-"
1313"computing base (TCB) can become arbitrarily large this way --- however, "
1314"given the name length restriction, for an individual name it is always less "
1315"than about 128 entities."
1316msgstr ""
1317
1318#: template/faq.html.j2:521
1319msgid ""
1320"How does GNS handle SRV/TLSA records where service and protocol are part of "
1321"the domain name?"
1322msgstr ""
1323
1324#: template/faq.html.j2:523
1325msgid ""
1326"A: When GNS splits a domain name into labels for resolution, it detects the "
1327"&quot;_Service._Proto&quot; syntax, converts &quot;Service&quot; to the "
1328"corresponding port number and &quot;Proto&quot; to the corresponding "
1329"protocol number. The rest of the name is resolved as usual. Then, when the "
1330"result is presented, GNS looks for the GNS-specific &quot;BOX&quot; record "
1331"type. A BOX record is a record that contains another record (such as SRV or "
1332"TLSA records) and adds a service and protocol number (and the original boxed "
1333"record type) to it."
1334msgstr ""
1335
1336#: template/faq.html.j2:541
839msgid "" 1337msgid ""
840"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. " 1338"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. "
841"Should I worry?" 1339"Should I worry?"
842msgstr "" 1340msgstr ""
843 1341
844#: template/faq.html.j2:37 1342#: template/faq.html.j2:543
845msgid "" 1343msgid ""
846"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in GNUnet. " 1344"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in GNUnet. "
847"We have started a major rewrite to address this and other problems, but " 1345"We have started a major rewrite to address this and other problems, but "
@@ -849,14 +1347,38 @@ msgid ""
849"expected." 1347"expected."
850msgstr "" 1348msgstr ""
851 1349
852#: template/faq.html.j2:46 1350#: template/faq.html.j2:552
853msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?" 1351msgid "Error opening `/dev/net/tun': No such file or directory?"
854msgstr "Gibt es eine Graphische Benutzeroberfläche?" 1352msgstr ""
855 1353
856#: template/faq.html.j2:48 1354#: template/faq.html.j2:554
857msgid "" 1355msgid ""
858"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ " 1356"A: If you get this error message, the solution is simple. Issue the "
859"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration." 1357"following commands (as root) to create the required device file"
1358msgstr ""
1359
1360#: template/faq.html.j2:566
1361msgid ""
1362"'iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.' (when running gnunet-service-"
1363"dns)?"
1364msgstr ""
1365
1366#: template/faq.html.j2:568
1367msgid ""
1368"A: For GNUnet DNS, your iptables needs to have &quot;owner&quot; match "
1369"support. This is accomplished by having the correct kernel options. Check if "
1370"your kernel has CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_OWNER set to either 'y' or "
1371"'m' (and the module is loaded)."
1372msgstr ""
1373
1374#: template/faq.html.j2:580
1375msgid "'Timeout was reached' when running PT on Fedora (and possibly others)?"
1376msgstr ""
1377
1378#: template/faq.html.j2:582
1379msgid ""
1380"A: If you get an error stating that the VPN timeout was reached, check if "
1381"your firewall is enabled and blocking the connections."
860msgstr "" 1382msgstr ""
861 1383
862#: template/glossary.html.j2:12 1384#: template/glossary.html.j2:12
@@ -963,10 +1485,6 @@ msgstr ""
963msgid "Overview" 1485msgid "Overview"
964msgstr "" 1486msgstr ""
965 1487
966#: template/gns.html.j2:37
967msgid "Features"
968msgstr ""
969
970#: template/gns.html.j2:39 1488#: template/gns.html.j2:39
971msgid "" 1489msgid ""
972"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It " 1490"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It "
diff --git a/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po b/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
index 4c2a2ccf..a41a5548 100644
--- a/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
+++ b/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ msgid ""
7msgstr "" 7msgstr ""
8"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n" 8"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n"
9"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n" 9"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
10"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-03 21:41+0100\n" 10"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-12 12:43+0100\n"
11"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-03-10 21:17+0000\n" 11"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-03-10 21:17+0000\n"
12"Last-Translator: Samira Tamboura <samiratg8@hotmail.com>\n" 12"Last-Translator: Samira Tamboura <samiratg8@hotmail.com>\n"
13"Language-Team: Spanish <http://weblate.taler.net/projects/gnunet/website/es/>" 13"Language-Team: Spanish <http://weblate.taler.net/projects/gnunet/website/es/"
14"\n" 14">\n"
15"Language: es\n" 15"Language: es\n"
16"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" 16"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
17"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" 17"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ msgid "About"
66msgstr "Sobre" 66msgstr "Sobre"
67 67
68#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8 68#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8
69#: news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:13
69#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13 70#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13
70msgid "News" 71msgid "News"
71msgstr "Nuevo" 72msgstr "Nuevo"
@@ -158,18 +159,21 @@ msgstr "REST API"
158msgid "FAQ" 159msgid "FAQ"
159msgstr "Preguntas frecuentes" 160msgstr "Preguntas frecuentes"
160 161
161#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16 162#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:16
163#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16
162#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16 164#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16
163msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events" 165msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events"
164msgstr "" 166msgstr ""
165"Nuevas publicaciones sobre cambios en GNUnet, como lanzamientos y eventos" 167"Nuevas publicaciones sobre cambios en GNUnet, como lanzamientos y eventos"
166 168
167#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21 169#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:21
170#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:21 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21
168#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21 171#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21
169msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed" 172msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed"
170msgstr "suscríbase a nuestro canal RSS" 173msgstr "suscríbase a nuestro canal RSS"
171 174
172#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40 175#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:40
176#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:40 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40
173#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40 177#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40
174msgid "read more" 178msgid "read more"
175msgstr "leer más" 179msgstr "leer más"
@@ -225,8 +229,8 @@ msgstr ""
225"internet puede ser desviado, interceptado, censurado y manipulado por " 229"internet puede ser desviado, interceptado, censurado y manipulado por "
226"enrutadores hostiles en la red. Y por supuesto, el internet moderno ha " 230"enrutadores hostiles en la red. Y por supuesto, el internet moderno ha "
227"evolucionado exactamente hasta el punto en que , como Matthew Green lo puso, " 231"evolucionado exactamente hasta el punto en que , como Matthew Green lo puso, "
228"<a href=\"https://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2015/08/16/" 232"<a href=\"https://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2015/08/16/the-network-is-"
229"the-network-is-hostile/\">\"La red es hostil\"</a>." 233"hostile/\">\"La red es hostil\"</a>."
230 234
231#: template/about.html.j2:41 235#: template/about.html.j2:41
232#, fuzzy 236#, fuzzy
@@ -336,18 +340,18 @@ msgid ""
336msgstr "" 340msgstr ""
337"Para tener conocimiento y aprendes más, por favor chequé nuestro <a href=" 341"Para tener conocimiento y aprendes más, por favor chequé nuestro <a href="
338"\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html\">manual</a>,especialmente el " 342"\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html\">manual</a>,especialmente el "
339"<a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html#Key-Concepts\"" 343"<a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html#Key-Concepts"
340">capitulo en \"conceptos clave\"</a>, explicando los conceptos fundamentales " 344"\">capitulo en \"conceptos clave\"</a>, explicando los conceptos "
341"de GNUnet: <ul> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html#" 345"fundamentales de GNUnet: <ul> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/"
342"Authentication\">Auntenticación</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet." 346"gnunet.html#Authentication\">Auntenticación</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://"
343"org/handbook/gnunet.html#Accounting-to-Encourage-Resource-Sharing\"" 347"docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html#Accounting-to-Encourage-Resource-Sharing"
344">Contabilidad para fomentar el intercambio de recursos</a></li> <li><a href=" 348"\">Contabilidad para fomentar el intercambio de recursos</a></li> <li><a "
345"\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html#Confidentiality\"" 349"href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html#Confidentiality"
346">Confidencialidad</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/" 350"\">Confidencialidad</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/"
347"gnunet.html#Anonymity\">Anonimato</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet." 351"gnunet.html#Anonymity\">Anonimato</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet."
348"org/handbook/gnunet.html#Deniability\">Negación</a></li> <li><a href=\"https" 352"org/handbook/gnunet.html#Deniability\">Negación</a></li> <li><a href="
349"://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html#Peer-Identities\">Identidades de " 353"\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html#Peer-Identities\">Identidades "
350"compañeros</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet." 354"de compañeros</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet."
351"html#Zones-in-the-GNU-Name-System-_0028GNS-Zones_0029\">Zonas en el nombre " 355"html#Zones-in-the-GNU-Name-System-_0028GNS-Zones_0029\">Zonas en el nombre "
352"del sistema GNU</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/" 356"del sistema GNU</a></li> <li><a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/"
353"gnunet.html#Egos\">Egos</a></li> </ul>" 357"gnunet.html#Egos\">Egos</a></li> </ul>"
@@ -695,8 +699,8 @@ msgid ""
695"IjaAfLiruzjxFFzKAV:matrix.org/\">archive</a> available." 699"IjaAfLiruzjxFFzKAV:matrix.org/\">archive</a> available."
696msgstr "" 700msgstr ""
697"<tt>#gnunet</tt> es una vía accesible <a href=\"https://freenode.net\">irc." 701"<tt>#gnunet</tt> es una vía accesible <a href=\"https://freenode.net\">irc."
698"freenode.net</a>. También hay un <a href=\"https://view.matrix.org/room/" 702"freenode.net</a>. También hay un <a href=\"https://view.matrix.org/room/!"
699"!IjaAfLiruzjxFFzKAV:matrix.org/\">archivo</a> disponible." 703"IjaAfLiruzjxFFzKAV:matrix.org/\">archivo</a> disponible."
700 704
701#: template/contact.html.j2:38 705#: template/contact.html.j2:38
702msgid "Contacting individuals" 706msgid "Contacting individuals"
@@ -841,8 +845,8 @@ msgid ""
841msgstr "" 845msgstr ""
842"Usamos <a href=\"http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php\">LCOV</a> " 846"Usamos <a href=\"http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php\">LCOV</a> "
843"para analizar la cobertura del código de nuestras pruebas, los resultados " 847"para analizar la cobertura del código de nuestras pruebas, los resultados "
844"están disponibles en <a href=\"https://old.gnunet.org/coverage/\">https://old" 848"están disponibles en <a href=\"https://old.gnunet.org/coverage/\">https://"
845".gnunet.org/coverage/</a> ." 849"old.gnunet.org/coverage/</a> ."
846 850
847#: template/developers.html.j2:72 851#: template/developers.html.j2:72
848msgid "Performance Analysis" 852msgid "Performance Analysis"
@@ -884,8 +888,8 @@ msgid ""
884"The tarball of the latest version can be obtained from GNU FTP and its " 888"The tarball of the latest version can be obtained from GNU FTP and its "
885"mirrors." 889"mirrors."
886msgstr "" 890msgstr ""
887"La ultima version del fichero, se puede obtener desde GNU FTP o en sus " 891"La ultima version del fichero, se puede obtener desde GNU FTP o en sus "
888"plicas/espejos." 892"plicas/espejos."
889 893
890#: template/download.html.j2:30 894#: template/download.html.j2:30
891msgid "git" 895msgid "git"
@@ -975,14 +979,14 @@ msgid ""
975"<dt>Kassenwart</dt> <dd>Florian Dold</dd> <dt>Beisitzer</dt> <dd> <a href=" 979"<dt>Kassenwart</dt> <dd>Florian Dold</dd> <dt>Beisitzer</dt> <dd> <a href="
976"\"https://grothoff.org/christian/\">Christian Grothoff</a>, ch3 </dd> </dl>" 980"\"https://grothoff.org/christian/\">Christian Grothoff</a>, ch3 </dd> </dl>"
977msgstr "" 981msgstr ""
978"Puede encontrar nuestro \"Satzung\" y la lista de miembros en <a href=\"https" 982"Puede encontrar nuestro \"Satzung\" y la lista de miembros en <a href="
979"://git.gnunet.org/gnunet-ev.git/tree/satzung.tex\"> https: //git.gnunet. org " 983"\"https://git.gnunet.org/gnunet-ev.git/tree/satzung.tex\"> https: //git."
980"/ gnunet-ev.git / tree / satzung.tex </a>. La junta directiva actual está " 984"gnunet. org / gnunet-ev.git / tree / satzung.tex </a>. La junta directiva "
981"formada por: <dl> <dt> Vorsitz </dt> <dd> <a href=\"https://schanzen.eu\"> " 985"actual está formada por: <dl> <dt> Vorsitz </dt> <dd> <a href=\"https://"
982"Martin Schanzenbach </a> </dd> <dt> Stellvertretender Vorsitz < / dt> <dd> " 986"schanzen.eu\"> Martin Schanzenbach </a> </dd> <dt> Stellvertretender Vorsitz "
983"t3sserakt </dd> <dt> Kassenwart </dt> <dd> Florian Dold </dd> <dt> Beisitzer " 987"< / dt> <dd> t3sserakt </dd> <dt> Kassenwart </dt> <dd> Florian Dold </dd> "
984"</dt> <dd> <a href = \"https: // grothoff. org / christian / \"> Christian " 988"<dt> Beisitzer </dt> <dd> <a href = \"https: // grothoff. org / christian / "
985"Grothoff </a>, capítulo 3 </dd> </dl>" 989"\"> Christian Grothoff </a>, capítulo 3 </dd> </dl>"
986 990
987#: template/ev.html.j2:73 991#: template/ev.html.j2:73
988msgid "Official Meeting Notes" 992msgid "Official Meeting Notes"
@@ -1015,11 +1019,126 @@ msgstr ""
1015"1GNUnetpWeR9Zs3vipdvVywo1GseeksjUh </dd> <dt> SEPA / IBAN </dt> <dd> " 1019"1GNUnetpWeR9Zs3vipdvVywo1GseeksjUh </dd> <dt> SEPA / IBAN </dt> <dd> "
1016"DE67830654080004822650 (BIC / SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR) </dd> </dl>" 1020"DE67830654080004822650 (BIC / SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR) </dd> </dl>"
1017 1021
1018#: template/faq.html.j2:12 1022#: template/faq.html.j2:12 template/faq.html.j2:21
1023msgid "General"
1024msgstr ""
1025
1026#: template/faq.html.j2:13 template/faq.html.j2:146 template/gns.html.j2:37
1027msgid "Features"
1028msgstr ""
1029
1030#: template/faq.html.j2:15 template/faq.html.j2:539
1031msgid "Error messages"
1032msgstr ""
1033
1034#: template/faq.html.j2:24
1035msgid "What do I do if my question is not answered here?"
1036msgstr ""
1037
1038#: template/faq.html.j2:26
1039msgid ""
1040"A: There are many other sources of information. You can read additional "
1041"documentation or ask the question on the help-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list or "
1042"the #gnunet IRC on irc.freenode.net."
1043msgstr ""
1044
1045#: template/faq.html.j2:34
1046msgid "When are you going to release the next version?"
1047msgstr ""
1048
1049#: template/faq.html.j2:36
1050msgid ""
1051"A: The general answer is, when it is ready. A better answer may be: earlier "
1052"if you contribute (test, debug, code, document). Every release will be "
1053"anounced on the info-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list and on <a href=\"https://"
1054"planet.gnu.org\">planet GNU</a>. You can subscribe to the mailing list or "
1055"the RSS feed of this site to automatically receive a notification."
1056msgstr ""
1057
1058#: template/faq.html.j2:47
1059msgid "Is the code free?"
1060msgstr ""
1061
1062#: template/faq.html.j2:49
1063msgid ""
1064"A: GNUnet is free software, available under the <a href=\"https://www.gnu."
1065"org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html\">GNU Affero Public License (AGPL)</a>."
1066msgstr ""
1067
1068#: template/faq.html.j2:56
1069msgid "Are there any known bugs?"
1070msgstr ""
1071
1072#: template/faq.html.j2:58
1073msgid ""
1074"A: We track the list of currently known bugs in the <a href=\"https://bugs."
1075"gnunet.org/\">Mantis system</a>. Some bugs are occasionally reported "
1076"directly to developers or the developer mailing list. This is discouraged "
1077"since developers often do not have the time to feed these bugs back into the "
1078"Mantis database. Please report bugs directly to the bug tracking system. If "
1079"you believe a bug is sensitive, you can set its view status to private (this "
1080"should be the exception)."
1081msgstr ""
1082
1083#: template/faq.html.j2:71
1084msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?"
1085msgstr "¿Existe una interfaz gráfica de usuario?"
1086
1087#: template/faq.html.j2:73
1088msgid ""
1089"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ "
1090"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration."
1091msgstr ""
1092"R: gnunet-gtk es una descarga separada. El paquete contiene varias "
1093"interfaces gráficas basadas en GTK +, incluida una herramienta gráfica para "
1094"la configuración."
1095
1096#: template/faq.html.j2:81
1097msgid "Why does gnunet-service-nse create a high CPU load?"
1098msgstr ""
1099
1100#: template/faq.html.j2:83
1101msgid ""
1102"A: The gnunet-service-nse process will initially compute a so-called &quot;"
1103"proof-of-work&quot; which is used to convince the network that your peer is "
1104"real (or, rather, make it expensive for an adversary to mount a Sybil attack "
1105"on the network size estimator). The calculation is expected to take a few "
1106"days, depending on how fast your CPU is. If the CPU load is creating a "
1107"problem for you, you can set the value &quot;WORKDELAY&quot; in the &quot;"
1108"nse&quot; section of your configuration file to a higher value. The default "
1109"is &quot;5 ms&quot;."
1110msgstr ""
1111
1112#: template/faq.html.j2:97
1113msgid "How does GNUnet compare to Tor?"
1114msgstr ""
1115
1116#: template/faq.html.j2:99
1117msgid ""
1118"A: Tor focuses on anonymous communication and censorship-resistance for TCP "
1119"connections and, with the Tor Browser Bundle, for the Web in particular. "
1120"GNUnet does not really have one focus; our theme is secure decentralized "
1121"networking, but that is too broad to be called a focus."
1122msgstr ""
1123
1124#: template/faq.html.j2:109
1125msgid "How does GNUnet compare to I2P?"
1126msgstr ""
1127
1128#: template/faq.html.j2:111
1129msgid ""
1130"A: Both GNUnet and I2P want to build a better, more secure, more "
1131"decentralized Internet. However, on the technical side, there are almost no "
1132"overlaps. <br><br> I2P is written in Java, and has (asymmetric) tunnels "
1133"using onion (or garlic) routing as the basis for various (anonymized) "
1134"applications. I2P is largely used via a Web frontend."
1135msgstr ""
1136
1137#: template/faq.html.j2:122
1019msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?" 1138msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?"
1020msgstr "¿Está GNUnet lista para usarse en sistemas de producción?" 1139msgstr "¿Está GNUnet lista para usarse en sistemas de producción?"
1021 1140
1022#: template/faq.html.j2:14 1141#: template/faq.html.j2:124
1023msgid "" 1142msgid ""
1024"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet ready " 1143"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet ready "
1025"for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on the " 1144"for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on the "
@@ -1031,16 +1150,16 @@ msgstr ""
1031"mayoría, aún no está listo para usarse más allá de los desarrolladores. Su " 1150"mayoría, aún no está listo para usarse más allá de los desarrolladores. Su "
1032"millaje variará según la funcionalidad que utilice, pero es probable que " 1151"millaje variará según la funcionalidad que utilice, pero es probable que "
1033"vaya a encontrar problemas con nuestro sistema de transporte que actualmente " 1152"vaya a encontrar problemas con nuestro sistema de transporte que actualmente "
1034"tiene un nivel bajo. Actualmente, estamos en proceso de reescribirlo (" 1153"tiene un nivel bajo. Actualmente, estamos en proceso de reescribirlo "
1035"Project & quot; Transport Next Generation [TNG] & quot;)" 1154"(Project & quot; Transport Next Generation [TNG] & quot;)"
1036 1155
1037#: template/faq.html.j2:24 1156#: template/faq.html.j2:134
1038msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?" 1157msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?"
1039msgstr "" 1158msgstr ""
1040"¿Se están utilizando tecnologías de contabilidad distribuida para hacer " 1159"¿Se están utilizando tecnologías de contabilidad distribuida para hacer "
1041"GNUnet ?" 1160"GNUnet ?"
1042 1161
1043#: template/faq.html.j2:26 1162#: template/faq.html.j2:136
1044msgid "" 1163msgid ""
1045"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, " 1164"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, "
1046"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be " 1165"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be "
@@ -1051,7 +1170,389 @@ msgstr ""
1051"construir un libro de contabilidad usando GNUnet, actualmente no tenemos " 1170"construir un libro de contabilidad usando GNUnet, actualmente no tenemos "
1052"planes para hacerlo." 1171"planes para hacerlo."
1053 1172
1054#: template/faq.html.j2:35 1173#: template/faq.html.j2:148
1174#, fuzzy
1175#| msgid "What is GNUnet?"
1176msgid "What can I do with GNUnet?"
1177msgstr "Qué es GNUnet?"
1178
1179#: template/faq.html.j2:150
1180msgid ""
1181"A: GNUnet is a peer-to-peer framework, by which we mostly mean that it can "
1182"do more than just one thing. Naturally, the implementation and documentation "
1183"of some of the features that exist are more advanced than others."
1184msgstr ""
1185
1186#: template/faq.html.j2:157
1187msgid ""
1188"For users, GNUnet offers anonymous and non-anonymous file-sharing, a fully "
1189"decentralized and censorship-resistant replacement for DNS and a mechanism "
1190"for IPv4-IPv6 protocol translation and tunneling (NAT-PT with DNS-ALG)."
1191msgstr ""
1192
1193#: template/faq.html.j2:171
1194msgid "Who runs the GNS root zone?"
1195msgstr ""
1196
1197#: template/faq.html.j2:173
1198msgid ""
1199"A: Short answer: you. The long answer is the GNUnet will ship with a default "
1200"configuration of top-level domains. The governance of this default "
1201"configuration is not yet established. In any case, the user will be able to "
1202"modify this configuration at will. We expect normal users to have no need to "
1203"edit their own GNS zone(s) unless they host services themselves."
1204msgstr ""
1205
1206#: template/faq.html.j2:184
1207msgid "Where is the per-user GNS database kept?"
1208msgstr ""
1209
1210#: template/faq.html.j2:186
1211msgid ""
1212"A: The short answer is that the database is kept at the user's GNUnet peer. "
1213"Now, a user may run multiple GNUnet peers, in which case the database could "
1214"be kept at each peer (however, we don't have code for convenient "
1215"replication). Similarly, multiple GNUnet peers can share one instance of the "
1216"database --- the &quot;gnunet-service-namestore&quot; can be accessed from "
1217"remote (via TCP). The actual data can be stored in a Postgres database, for "
1218"which various replication options are again applicable. Ultimately, there "
1219"are many options for how users can store (and secure) their GNS database."
1220msgstr ""
1221
1222#: template/faq.html.j2:201
1223msgid "What is the expected average size of a GNS namestore database?"
1224msgstr ""
1225
1226#: template/faq.html.j2:203
1227msgid ""
1228"A: Pretty small. Based on our user study where we looked at browser "
1229"histories and the number of domains visited, we expect that GNS databases "
1230"will only grow to a few tens of thousands of entries, small enough to fit "
1231"even on mobile devices."
1232msgstr ""
1233
1234#: template/faq.html.j2:213
1235msgid "Is GNS resistant to the attacks on DNS used by the US?"
1236msgstr ""
1237
1238#: template/faq.html.j2:215
1239msgid ""
1240"A: We believe so, as there is no entity that any government could force to "
1241"change the mapping for a name except for each individual user (and then the "
1242"changes would only apply to the names that this user is the authority for). "
1243"So if everyone used GNS, the only practical attack of a government would be "
1244"to force the operator of a server to change the GNS records for his server "
1245"to point elsewhere. However, if the owner of the private key for a zone is "
1246"unavailable for enforcement, the respective zone cannot be changed and any "
1247"other zone delegating to this zone will achieve proper resolution."
1248msgstr ""
1249
1250#: template/faq.html.j2:229
1251msgid "What is the difference between GNS and CoDoNS?"
1252msgstr ""
1253
1254#: template/faq.html.j2:231
1255msgid ""
1256"A: CoDoNS decentralizes the DNS database (using a DHT) but preserves the "
1257"authority structure of DNS. With CoDoNS, IANA/ICANN are still in charge, and "
1258"there are still registrars that determine who owns a name. <br><br> With "
1259"GNS, we decentralize the database and also decentralize the responsibility "
1260"for naming: each user runs his own personal root zone and is thus in "
1261"complete control of the names he uses. GNS also has many additional features "
1262"(to keep names short and enable migration) which don't even make sense in "
1263"the context of CoDoNS."
1264msgstr ""
1265
1266#: template/faq.html.j2:247
1267msgid "What is the difference between GNS and SocialDNS?"
1268msgstr ""
1269
1270#: template/faq.html.j2:249
1271msgid ""
1272"A: Like GNS, SocialDNS allows each user to create DNS mappings. However, "
1273"with SocialDNS the mappings are shared through the social network and "
1274"subjected to ranking. As the social relationships evolve, names can thus "
1275"change in surprising ways. <br><br> With GNS, names are primarily shared via "
1276"delegation, and thus mappings will only change if the user responsible for "
1277"the name (the authority) manually changes the record."
1278msgstr ""
1279
1280#: template/faq.html.j2:263
1281msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ODDNS?"
1282msgstr ""
1283
1284#: template/faq.html.j2:265
1285msgid ""
1286"A: ODDNS is primarily designed to bypass the DNS root zone and the TLD "
1287"registries (such as those for \".com\" and \".org\"). Instead of using "
1288"those, each user is expected to maintain a database of (second-level) "
1289"domains (like \"gnu.org\") and the IP addresses of the respective name "
1290"servers. Resolution will fail if the target name servers change IPs."
1291msgstr ""
1292
1293#: template/faq.html.j2:276
1294msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Namecoin?"
1295msgstr ""
1296
1297#: template/faq.html.j2:283
1298msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Handshake?"
1299msgstr ""
1300
1301#: template/faq.html.j2:289
1302msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ENS?"
1303msgstr ""
1304
1305#: template/faq.html.j2:295
1306msgid "What is the difference between GNS and TrickleDNS?"
1307msgstr ""
1308
1309#: template/faq.html.j2:297
1310msgid ""
1311"A: TrickleDNS pushes (&quot;critical&quot;) DNS records between DNS "
1312"resolvers of participating domains to provide &quot;better availability, "
1313"lower query resolution times, and faster update propagation&quot;. Thus "
1314"TrickleDNS is focused on defeating attacks on the availability (and "
1315"performance) of record propagation in DNS, for example via DDoS attacks on "
1316"DNS root servers. TrickleDNS is thus concerned with how to ensure "
1317"distribution of authoritative records, and authority remains derived from "
1318"the DNS hierarchy."
1319msgstr ""
1320
1321#: template/faq.html.j2:310
1322msgid ""
1323"Does GNS require real-world introduction (secure PKEY exchange) in the style "
1324"of the PGP web of trust?"
1325msgstr ""
1326
1327#: template/faq.html.j2:312
1328msgid ""
1329"A: For security, it is well known that an initial trust path between the two "
1330"parties must exist. However, for applications where this is not required, "
1331"weaker mechanisms can be used. For example, we have implemented a first-come-"
1332"first-served (FCFS) authority which allows arbitrary users to register "
1333"arbitrary names. The key of this authority is included with every GNUnet "
1334"installation. Thus, any name registered with FCFS is in fact global and "
1335"requires no further introduction. However, the security of these names "
1336"depends entirely on the trustworthiness of the FCFS authority. The authority "
1337"can be queried under the &quot;.ping&quot; TLD."
1338msgstr ""
1339
1340#: template/faq.html.j2:327
1341msgid ""
1342"How can a legitimate domain owner tell other people to not use his name in "
1343"GNS?"
1344msgstr ""
1345
1346#: template/faq.html.j2:329
1347msgid ""
1348"A: Names have no owners in GNS, so there cannot be a &quot;legitimate&quot; "
1349"domain owner. Any user can claim any name (as his preferred name or &quot;"
1350"pseudonym&quot;) in his NICK record. Similarly, all other users can choose "
1351"to ignore this preference and use a name of their choice (or even assign no "
1352"name) for this user."
1353msgstr ""
1354
1355#: template/faq.html.j2:340
1356msgid ""
1357"Did you consider the privacy implications of making your personal GNS zone "
1358"visible?"
1359msgstr ""
1360
1361#: template/faq.html.j2:342
1362msgid ""
1363"A: Each record in GNS has a flag &quot;private&quot;. Records are shared "
1364"with other users (via DHT or zone transfers) only if this flag is not set. "
1365"Thus, users have full control over what information about their zones is "
1366"made public."
1367msgstr ""
1368
1369#: template/faq.html.j2:352
1370msgid "Are \"Legacy Host\" (LEHO) records not going to be obsolete with IPv6?"
1371msgstr ""
1372
1373#: template/faq.html.j2:354
1374msgid ""
1375"A: The question presumes that (a) virtual hosting is only necessary because "
1376"of IPv4 address scarcity, and (b) that LEHOs are only useful in the context "
1377"of virtual hosting. However, LEHOs are also useful to help with X.509 "
1378"certificate validation (as they specify for which legacy hostname the "
1379"certificate should be valid). Also, even with IPv6 fully deployed and &quot;"
1380"infinite&quot; IP addresses being available, we're not sure that virtual "
1381"hosting would disappear. Finally, we don't want to have to wait for IPv6 to "
1382"become commonplace, GNS should work with today's networks."
1383msgstr ""
1384
1385#: template/faq.html.j2:368
1386msgid ""
1387"Why does GNS not use a trust metric or consensus to determine globally "
1388"unique names?"
1389msgstr ""
1390
1391#: template/faq.html.j2:370
1392msgid ""
1393"A: Trust metrics have the fundamental problem that they have thresholds. As "
1394"trust relationships evolve, mappings would change their meaning as they "
1395"cross each others thresholds. We decided that the resulting unpredictability "
1396"of the resolution process was not acceptable. Furthermore, trust and "
1397"consensus might be easy to manipulate by adversaries."
1398msgstr ""
1399
1400#: template/faq.html.j2:381
1401msgid "How do you handle compromised zone keys in GNS?"
1402msgstr ""
1403
1404#: template/faq.html.j2:383
1405msgid ""
1406"A: The owner of a private key can create a revocation message. This one can "
1407"then be flooded throughout the overlay network, creating a copy at all "
1408"peers. Before using a public key, peers check if that key has been revoked. "
1409"All names that involve delegation via a revoked zone will then fail to "
1410"resolve. Peers always automatically check for the existence of a revocation "
1411"message when resolving names."
1412msgstr ""
1413
1414#: template/faq.html.j2:395
1415msgid "Could the signing algorithm of GNS be upgraded in the future?"
1416msgstr ""
1417
1418#: template/faq.html.j2:397
1419msgid ""
1420"A: Yes. In our efforts to standardize GNS, we have already modified the "
1421"protocol to support alternative delegation records. <br> <br> Naturally, "
1422"deployed GNS implementations would have to be updated to support the new "
1423"signature scheme. The new scheme can then be run in parallel with the "
1424"existing system by using a new record type to indicate the use of a "
1425"different cipher system."
1426msgstr ""
1427
1428#: template/faq.html.j2:411
1429msgid ""
1430"How can a GNS zone maintain several name servers, e.g. for load balancing?"
1431msgstr ""
1432
1433#: template/faq.html.j2:413
1434msgid ""
1435"A: We don't expect this to be necessary, as GNS records are stored (and "
1436"replicated) in the R5N DHT. Thus the authority will typically not be "
1437"contacted whenever clients perform a lookup. Even if the authority goes "
1438"(temporarily) off-line, the DHT will cache the records for some time. "
1439"However, should having multiple servers for a zone be considered truly "
1440"necessary, the owner of the zone can simply run multiple peers (and share "
1441"the zone's key and database among them)."
1442msgstr ""
1443
1444#: template/faq.html.j2:426
1445msgid ""
1446"Why do you believe it is worth giving up unique names for censorship "
1447"resistance?"
1448msgstr ""
1449
1450#: template/faq.html.j2:428
1451msgid ""
1452"A: The GNU Name system offers an alternative to DNS that is censorship "
1453"resistant. As with any security mechanism, this comes at a cost (names are "
1454"not globally unique). To draw a parallel, HTTPS connections use more "
1455"bandwidth and have higher latency than HTTP connections. Depending on your "
1456"application, HTTPS may not be worth the cost. However, for users that are "
1457"experiencing censorship (or are concerned about it), giving up globally "
1458"unique names may very well be worth the cost. After all, what is a &quot;"
1459"globally&quot; unique name worth, if it does not resolve?"
1460msgstr ""
1461
1462#: template/faq.html.j2:442
1463msgid "Why do you say that DNS is 'centralized' and 'distributed'?"
1464msgstr ""
1465
1466#: template/faq.html.j2:444
1467msgid ""
1468"A: We say that DNS is 'centralized' because it has a central component / "
1469"central point of failure --- the root zone and its management by IANA/ICANN. "
1470"This centralization creates vulnerabilities. For example, the US government "
1471"was able to reassign the management of the country-TLDs of Afganistan and "
1472"Iraq during the wars at the beginning of the 21st century."
1473msgstr ""
1474
1475#: template/faq.html.j2:455
1476msgid "How does GNS protect against layer-3 censorship?"
1477msgstr ""
1478
1479#: template/faq.html.j2:457
1480msgid ""
1481"A: GNS does not directly help with layer-3 censorship, but it does help "
1482"indirectly in two ways: <ol> <li> Many websites today use virtual hosting, "
1483"so blocking a particular IP address causes much more collateral damage than "
1484"blocking a DNS name. It thus raises the cost of censorship.</li> <li> "
1485"Existing layer-3 circumvention solutions (such as Tor) would benefit from a "
1486"censorship resistant naming system. Accessing Tor's &quot;.onion&quot; "
1487"namespace currently requires users to use unmemorable cryptographic "
1488"identifiers. With nicer names, Tor and tor2web-like services would be even "
1489"easier to use. </ol>"
1490msgstr ""
1491
1492#: template/faq.html.j2:476
1493msgid "Does GNS work with search engines?"
1494msgstr ""
1495
1496#: template/faq.html.j2:478
1497msgid ""
1498"A: GNS creates no significant problems for search engines, as they can use "
1499"GNS to perform name resolution as well as any normal user. Naturally, while "
1500"we typically expect normal users to install custom software for name "
1501"resolution, this is unlikely to work for search engines today. However, the "
1502"DNS2GNS gateway allows search engines to use DNS to resolve GNS names, so "
1503"they can still index GNS resources. However, as using DNS2GNS gateways "
1504"breaks the cryptographic chain of trust, legacy search engines will "
1505"obviously not obtain censorship-resistant names."
1506msgstr ""
1507
1508#: template/faq.html.j2:492
1509msgid "How does GNS compare to the Unmanaged Internet Architecture (UIA)?"
1510msgstr ""
1511
1512#: template/faq.html.j2:494
1513msgid ""
1514"A: UIA and GNS both share the same basic naming model, which actually "
1515"originated with Rivest's SDSI. However, UIA is not concerned about "
1516"integration with legacy applications and instead focuses on universal "
1517"connectivity between a user's many machines. In contrast, GNS was designed "
1518"to interoperate with DNS as much as possible, and to also work as much as "
1519"possible with the existing Web infrastructure. UIA is not at all concerned "
1520"about legacy systems (clean slate)."
1521msgstr ""
1522
1523#: template/faq.html.j2:507
1524msgid "Doesn't GNS increase the trusted-computing base compared to DNS(SEC)?"
1525msgstr ""
1526
1527#: template/faq.html.j2:509
1528msgid ""
1529"A: First of all, in GNS you can explicitly see the trust chain, so you know "
1530"if a name you are resolving belongs to a friend, or a friend-of-a-friend, "
1531"and can thus decide how much you trust the result. Naturally, the trusted-"
1532"computing base (TCB) can become arbitrarily large this way --- however, "
1533"given the name length restriction, for an individual name it is always less "
1534"than about 128 entities."
1535msgstr ""
1536
1537#: template/faq.html.j2:521
1538msgid ""
1539"How does GNS handle SRV/TLSA records where service and protocol are part of "
1540"the domain name?"
1541msgstr ""
1542
1543#: template/faq.html.j2:523
1544msgid ""
1545"A: When GNS splits a domain name into labels for resolution, it detects the "
1546"&quot;_Service._Proto&quot; syntax, converts &quot;Service&quot; to the "
1547"corresponding port number and &quot;Proto&quot; to the corresponding "
1548"protocol number. The rest of the name is resolved as usual. Then, when the "
1549"result is presented, GNS looks for the GNS-specific &quot;BOX&quot; record "
1550"type. A BOX record is a record that contains another record (such as SRV or "
1551"TLSA records) and adds a service and protocol number (and the original boxed "
1552"record type) to it."
1553msgstr ""
1554
1555#: template/faq.html.j2:541
1055msgid "" 1556msgid ""
1056"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. " 1557"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. "
1057"Should I worry?" 1558"Should I worry?"
@@ -1059,7 +1560,7 @@ msgstr ""
1059"Recibo muchas &quot; WARNING Retardo de flujo calculado para X en Y para " 1560"Recibo muchas &quot; WARNING Retardo de flujo calculado para X en Y para "
1060"Z&quot;. ¿Debería preocuparme?" 1561"Z&quot;. ¿Debería preocuparme?"
1061 1562
1062#: template/faq.html.j2:37 1563#: template/faq.html.j2:543
1063msgid "" 1564msgid ""
1064"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in GNUnet. " 1565"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in GNUnet. "
1065"We have started a major rewrite to address this and other problems, but " 1566"We have started a major rewrite to address this and other problems, but "
@@ -1071,18 +1572,39 @@ msgstr ""
1071"este y otros problemas, pero hasta que el Transport Next Generation (TNG) " 1572"este y otros problemas, pero hasta que el Transport Next Generation (TNG) "
1072"esté listo, estas advertencias seguirán ocurriendo." 1573"esté listo, estas advertencias seguirán ocurriendo."
1073 1574
1074#: template/faq.html.j2:46 1575#: template/faq.html.j2:552
1075msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?" 1576msgid "Error opening `/dev/net/tun': No such file or directory?"
1076msgstr "¿Existe una interfaz gráfica de usuario?" 1577msgstr ""
1077 1578
1078#: template/faq.html.j2:48 1579#: template/faq.html.j2:554
1079msgid "" 1580msgid ""
1080"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ " 1581"A: If you get this error message, the solution is simple. Issue the "
1081"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration." 1582"following commands (as root) to create the required device file"
1583msgstr ""
1584
1585#: template/faq.html.j2:566
1586msgid ""
1587"'iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.' (when running gnunet-service-"
1588"dns)?"
1589msgstr ""
1590
1591#: template/faq.html.j2:568
1592msgid ""
1593"A: For GNUnet DNS, your iptables needs to have &quot;owner&quot; match "
1594"support. This is accomplished by having the correct kernel options. Check if "
1595"your kernel has CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_OWNER set to either 'y' or "
1596"'m' (and the module is loaded)."
1597msgstr ""
1598
1599#: template/faq.html.j2:580
1600msgid "'Timeout was reached' when running PT on Fedora (and possibly others)?"
1601msgstr ""
1602
1603#: template/faq.html.j2:582
1604msgid ""
1605"A: If you get an error stating that the VPN timeout was reached, check if "
1606"your firewall is enabled and blocking the connections."
1082msgstr "" 1607msgstr ""
1083"R: gnunet-gtk es una descarga separada. El paquete contiene varias "
1084"interfaces gráficas basadas en GTK +, incluida una herramienta gráfica para "
1085"la configuración."
1086 1608
1087#: template/glossary.html.j2:12 1609#: template/glossary.html.j2:12
1088msgid "Ego" 1610msgid "Ego"
@@ -1198,10 +1720,6 @@ msgstr ""
1198msgid "Overview" 1720msgid "Overview"
1199msgstr "" 1721msgstr ""
1200 1722
1201#: template/gns.html.j2:37
1202msgid "Features"
1203msgstr ""
1204
1205#: template/gns.html.j2:39 1723#: template/gns.html.j2:39
1206msgid "" 1724msgid ""
1207"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It " 1725"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It "
diff --git a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
index e9e7597d..eaef6db4 100644
--- a/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
+++ b/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
8msgstr "" 8msgstr ""
9"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n" 9"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n"
10"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n" 10"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
11"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-03 21:41+0100\n" 11"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-12 12:43+0100\n"
12"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" 12"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
13"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" 13"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
14"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" 14"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ msgid "About"
64msgstr "" 64msgstr ""
65 65
66#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8 66#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8
67#: news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:13
67#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13 68#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13
68msgid "News" 69msgid "News"
69msgstr "" 70msgstr ""
@@ -156,17 +157,20 @@ msgstr ""
156msgid "FAQ" 157msgid "FAQ"
157msgstr "" 158msgstr ""
158 159
159#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16 160#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:16
161#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16
160#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16 162#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16
161msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events" 163msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events"
162msgstr "" 164msgstr ""
163 165
164#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21 166#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:21
167#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:21 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21
165#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21 168#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21
166msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed" 169msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed"
167msgstr "" 170msgstr ""
168 171
169#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40 172#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:40
173#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:40 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40
170#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40 174#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40
171msgid "read more" 175msgid "read more"
172msgstr "" 176msgstr ""
@@ -779,11 +783,123 @@ msgid ""
779"<dd>DE67830654080004822650 (BIC/SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR)</dd> </dl>" 783"<dd>DE67830654080004822650 (BIC/SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR)</dd> </dl>"
780msgstr "" 784msgstr ""
781 785
782#: template/faq.html.j2:12 786#: template/faq.html.j2:12 template/faq.html.j2:21
787msgid "General"
788msgstr ""
789
790#: template/faq.html.j2:13 template/faq.html.j2:146 template/gns.html.j2:37
791msgid "Features"
792msgstr ""
793
794#: template/faq.html.j2:15 template/faq.html.j2:539
795msgid "Error messages"
796msgstr ""
797
798#: template/faq.html.j2:24
799msgid "What do I do if my question is not answered here?"
800msgstr ""
801
802#: template/faq.html.j2:26
803msgid ""
804"A: There are many other sources of information. You can read additional "
805"documentation or ask the question on the help-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list or "
806"the #gnunet IRC on irc.freenode.net."
807msgstr ""
808
809#: template/faq.html.j2:34
810msgid "When are you going to release the next version?"
811msgstr ""
812
813#: template/faq.html.j2:36
814msgid ""
815"A: The general answer is, when it is ready. A better answer may be: earlier "
816"if you contribute (test, debug, code, document). Every release will be "
817"anounced on the info-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list and on <a href=\"https://"
818"planet.gnu.org\">planet GNU</a>. You can subscribe to the mailing list or "
819"the RSS feed of this site to automatically receive a notification."
820msgstr ""
821
822#: template/faq.html.j2:47
823msgid "Is the code free?"
824msgstr ""
825
826#: template/faq.html.j2:49
827msgid ""
828"A: GNUnet is free software, available under the <a href=\"https://www.gnu."
829"org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html\">GNU Affero Public License (AGPL)</a>."
830msgstr ""
831
832#: template/faq.html.j2:56
833msgid "Are there any known bugs?"
834msgstr ""
835
836#: template/faq.html.j2:58
837msgid ""
838"A: We track the list of currently known bugs in the <a href=\"https://bugs."
839"gnunet.org/\">Mantis system</a>. Some bugs are occasionally reported "
840"directly to developers or the developer mailing list. This is discouraged "
841"since developers often do not have the time to feed these bugs back into the "
842"Mantis database. Please report bugs directly to the bug tracking system. If "
843"you believe a bug is sensitive, you can set its view status to private (this "
844"should be the exception)."
845msgstr ""
846
847#: template/faq.html.j2:71
848msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?"
849msgstr ""
850
851#: template/faq.html.j2:73
852msgid ""
853"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ "
854"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration."
855msgstr ""
856
857#: template/faq.html.j2:81
858msgid "Why does gnunet-service-nse create a high CPU load?"
859msgstr ""
860
861#: template/faq.html.j2:83
862msgid ""
863"A: The gnunet-service-nse process will initially compute a so-called &quot;"
864"proof-of-work&quot; which is used to convince the network that your peer is "
865"real (or, rather, make it expensive for an adversary to mount a Sybil attack "
866"on the network size estimator). The calculation is expected to take a few "
867"days, depending on how fast your CPU is. If the CPU load is creating a "
868"problem for you, you can set the value &quot;WORKDELAY&quot; in the &quot;"
869"nse&quot; section of your configuration file to a higher value. The default "
870"is &quot;5 ms&quot;."
871msgstr ""
872
873#: template/faq.html.j2:97
874msgid "How does GNUnet compare to Tor?"
875msgstr ""
876
877#: template/faq.html.j2:99
878msgid ""
879"A: Tor focuses on anonymous communication and censorship-resistance for TCP "
880"connections and, with the Tor Browser Bundle, for the Web in particular. "
881"GNUnet does not really have one focus; our theme is secure decentralized "
882"networking, but that is too broad to be called a focus."
883msgstr ""
884
885#: template/faq.html.j2:109
886msgid "How does GNUnet compare to I2P?"
887msgstr ""
888
889#: template/faq.html.j2:111
890msgid ""
891"A: Both GNUnet and I2P want to build a better, more secure, more "
892"decentralized Internet. However, on the technical side, there are almost no "
893"overlaps. <br><br> I2P is written in Java, and has (asymmetric) tunnels "
894"using onion (or garlic) routing as the basis for various (anonymized) "
895"applications. I2P is largely used via a Web frontend."
896msgstr ""
897
898#: template/faq.html.j2:122
783msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?" 899msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?"
784msgstr "" 900msgstr ""
785 901
786#: template/faq.html.j2:14 902#: template/faq.html.j2:124
787msgid "" 903msgid ""
788"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet ready " 904"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet ready "
789"for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on the " 905"for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on the "
@@ -792,24 +908,404 @@ msgid ""
792"rewriting it (Project &quot;Transport Next Generation [TNG]&quot;)" 908"rewriting it (Project &quot;Transport Next Generation [TNG]&quot;)"
793msgstr "" 909msgstr ""
794 910
795#: template/faq.html.j2:24 911#: template/faq.html.j2:134
796msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?" 912msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?"
797msgstr "" 913msgstr ""
798 914
799#: template/faq.html.j2:26 915#: template/faq.html.j2:136
800msgid "" 916msgid ""
801"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, " 917"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, "
802"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be " 918"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be "
803"built using GNUnet, we currently have no plans in doing so." 919"built using GNUnet, we currently have no plans in doing so."
804msgstr "" 920msgstr ""
805 921
806#: template/faq.html.j2:35 922#: template/faq.html.j2:148
923msgid "What can I do with GNUnet?"
924msgstr ""
925
926#: template/faq.html.j2:150
927msgid ""
928"A: GNUnet is a peer-to-peer framework, by which we mostly mean that it can "
929"do more than just one thing. Naturally, the implementation and documentation "
930"of some of the features that exist are more advanced than others."
931msgstr ""
932
933#: template/faq.html.j2:157
934msgid ""
935"For users, GNUnet offers anonymous and non-anonymous file-sharing, a fully "
936"decentralized and censorship-resistant replacement for DNS and a mechanism "
937"for IPv4-IPv6 protocol translation and tunneling (NAT-PT with DNS-ALG)."
938msgstr ""
939
940#: template/faq.html.j2:171
941msgid "Who runs the GNS root zone?"
942msgstr ""
943
944#: template/faq.html.j2:173
945msgid ""
946"A: Short answer: you. The long answer is the GNUnet will ship with a default "
947"configuration of top-level domains. The governance of this default "
948"configuration is not yet established. In any case, the user will be able to "
949"modify this configuration at will. We expect normal users to have no need to "
950"edit their own GNS zone(s) unless they host services themselves."
951msgstr ""
952
953#: template/faq.html.j2:184
954msgid "Where is the per-user GNS database kept?"
955msgstr ""
956
957#: template/faq.html.j2:186
958msgid ""
959"A: The short answer is that the database is kept at the user's GNUnet peer. "
960"Now, a user may run multiple GNUnet peers, in which case the database could "
961"be kept at each peer (however, we don't have code for convenient "
962"replication). Similarly, multiple GNUnet peers can share one instance of the "
963"database --- the &quot;gnunet-service-namestore&quot; can be accessed from "
964"remote (via TCP). The actual data can be stored in a Postgres database, for "
965"which various replication options are again applicable. Ultimately, there "
966"are many options for how users can store (and secure) their GNS database."
967msgstr ""
968
969#: template/faq.html.j2:201
970msgid "What is the expected average size of a GNS namestore database?"
971msgstr ""
972
973#: template/faq.html.j2:203
974msgid ""
975"A: Pretty small. Based on our user study where we looked at browser "
976"histories and the number of domains visited, we expect that GNS databases "
977"will only grow to a few tens of thousands of entries, small enough to fit "
978"even on mobile devices."
979msgstr ""
980
981#: template/faq.html.j2:213
982msgid "Is GNS resistant to the attacks on DNS used by the US?"
983msgstr ""
984
985#: template/faq.html.j2:215
986msgid ""
987"A: We believe so, as there is no entity that any government could force to "
988"change the mapping for a name except for each individual user (and then the "
989"changes would only apply to the names that this user is the authority for). "
990"So if everyone used GNS, the only practical attack of a government would be "
991"to force the operator of a server to change the GNS records for his server "
992"to point elsewhere. However, if the owner of the private key for a zone is "
993"unavailable for enforcement, the respective zone cannot be changed and any "
994"other zone delegating to this zone will achieve proper resolution."
995msgstr ""
996
997#: template/faq.html.j2:229
998msgid "What is the difference between GNS and CoDoNS?"
999msgstr ""
1000
1001#: template/faq.html.j2:231
1002msgid ""
1003"A: CoDoNS decentralizes the DNS database (using a DHT) but preserves the "
1004"authority structure of DNS. With CoDoNS, IANA/ICANN are still in charge, and "
1005"there are still registrars that determine who owns a name. <br><br> With "
1006"GNS, we decentralize the database and also decentralize the responsibility "
1007"for naming: each user runs his own personal root zone and is thus in "
1008"complete control of the names he uses. GNS also has many additional features "
1009"(to keep names short and enable migration) which don't even make sense in "
1010"the context of CoDoNS."
1011msgstr ""
1012
1013#: template/faq.html.j2:247
1014msgid "What is the difference between GNS and SocialDNS?"
1015msgstr ""
1016
1017#: template/faq.html.j2:249
1018msgid ""
1019"A: Like GNS, SocialDNS allows each user to create DNS mappings. However, "
1020"with SocialDNS the mappings are shared through the social network and "
1021"subjected to ranking. As the social relationships evolve, names can thus "
1022"change in surprising ways. <br><br> With GNS, names are primarily shared via "
1023"delegation, and thus mappings will only change if the user responsible for "
1024"the name (the authority) manually changes the record."
1025msgstr ""
1026
1027#: template/faq.html.j2:263
1028msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ODDNS?"
1029msgstr ""
1030
1031#: template/faq.html.j2:265
1032msgid ""
1033"A: ODDNS is primarily designed to bypass the DNS root zone and the TLD "
1034"registries (such as those for \".com\" and \".org\"). Instead of using "
1035"those, each user is expected to maintain a database of (second-level) "
1036"domains (like \"gnu.org\") and the IP addresses of the respective name "
1037"servers. Resolution will fail if the target name servers change IPs."
1038msgstr ""
1039
1040#: template/faq.html.j2:276
1041msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Namecoin?"
1042msgstr ""
1043
1044#: template/faq.html.j2:283
1045msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Handshake?"
1046msgstr ""
1047
1048#: template/faq.html.j2:289
1049msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ENS?"
1050msgstr ""
1051
1052#: template/faq.html.j2:295
1053msgid "What is the difference between GNS and TrickleDNS?"
1054msgstr ""
1055
1056#: template/faq.html.j2:297
1057msgid ""
1058"A: TrickleDNS pushes (&quot;critical&quot;) DNS records between DNS "
1059"resolvers of participating domains to provide &quot;better availability, "
1060"lower query resolution times, and faster update propagation&quot;. Thus "
1061"TrickleDNS is focused on defeating attacks on the availability (and "
1062"performance) of record propagation in DNS, for example via DDoS attacks on "
1063"DNS root servers. TrickleDNS is thus concerned with how to ensure "
1064"distribution of authoritative records, and authority remains derived from "
1065"the DNS hierarchy."
1066msgstr ""
1067
1068#: template/faq.html.j2:310
1069msgid ""
1070"Does GNS require real-world introduction (secure PKEY exchange) in the style "
1071"of the PGP web of trust?"
1072msgstr ""
1073
1074#: template/faq.html.j2:312
1075msgid ""
1076"A: For security, it is well known that an initial trust path between the two "
1077"parties must exist. However, for applications where this is not required, "
1078"weaker mechanisms can be used. For example, we have implemented a first-come-"
1079"first-served (FCFS) authority which allows arbitrary users to register "
1080"arbitrary names. The key of this authority is included with every GNUnet "
1081"installation. Thus, any name registered with FCFS is in fact global and "
1082"requires no further introduction. However, the security of these names "
1083"depends entirely on the trustworthiness of the FCFS authority. The authority "
1084"can be queried under the &quot;.ping&quot; TLD."
1085msgstr ""
1086
1087#: template/faq.html.j2:327
1088msgid ""
1089"How can a legitimate domain owner tell other people to not use his name in "
1090"GNS?"
1091msgstr ""
1092
1093#: template/faq.html.j2:329
1094msgid ""
1095"A: Names have no owners in GNS, so there cannot be a &quot;legitimate&quot; "
1096"domain owner. Any user can claim any name (as his preferred name or &quot;"
1097"pseudonym&quot;) in his NICK record. Similarly, all other users can choose "
1098"to ignore this preference and use a name of their choice (or even assign no "
1099"name) for this user."
1100msgstr ""
1101
1102#: template/faq.html.j2:340
1103msgid ""
1104"Did you consider the privacy implications of making your personal GNS zone "
1105"visible?"
1106msgstr ""
1107
1108#: template/faq.html.j2:342
1109msgid ""
1110"A: Each record in GNS has a flag &quot;private&quot;. Records are shared "
1111"with other users (via DHT or zone transfers) only if this flag is not set. "
1112"Thus, users have full control over what information about their zones is "
1113"made public."
1114msgstr ""
1115
1116#: template/faq.html.j2:352
1117msgid "Are \"Legacy Host\" (LEHO) records not going to be obsolete with IPv6?"
1118msgstr ""
1119
1120#: template/faq.html.j2:354
1121msgid ""
1122"A: The question presumes that (a) virtual hosting is only necessary because "
1123"of IPv4 address scarcity, and (b) that LEHOs are only useful in the context "
1124"of virtual hosting. However, LEHOs are also useful to help with X.509 "
1125"certificate validation (as they specify for which legacy hostname the "
1126"certificate should be valid). Also, even with IPv6 fully deployed and &quot;"
1127"infinite&quot; IP addresses being available, we're not sure that virtual "
1128"hosting would disappear. Finally, we don't want to have to wait for IPv6 to "
1129"become commonplace, GNS should work with today's networks."
1130msgstr ""
1131
1132#: template/faq.html.j2:368
1133msgid ""
1134"Why does GNS not use a trust metric or consensus to determine globally "
1135"unique names?"
1136msgstr ""
1137
1138#: template/faq.html.j2:370
1139msgid ""
1140"A: Trust metrics have the fundamental problem that they have thresholds. As "
1141"trust relationships evolve, mappings would change their meaning as they "
1142"cross each others thresholds. We decided that the resulting unpredictability "
1143"of the resolution process was not acceptable. Furthermore, trust and "
1144"consensus might be easy to manipulate by adversaries."
1145msgstr ""
1146
1147#: template/faq.html.j2:381
1148msgid "How do you handle compromised zone keys in GNS?"
1149msgstr ""
1150
1151#: template/faq.html.j2:383
1152msgid ""
1153"A: The owner of a private key can create a revocation message. This one can "
1154"then be flooded throughout the overlay network, creating a copy at all "
1155"peers. Before using a public key, peers check if that key has been revoked. "
1156"All names that involve delegation via a revoked zone will then fail to "
1157"resolve. Peers always automatically check for the existence of a revocation "
1158"message when resolving names."
1159msgstr ""
1160
1161#: template/faq.html.j2:395
1162msgid "Could the signing algorithm of GNS be upgraded in the future?"
1163msgstr ""
1164
1165#: template/faq.html.j2:397
1166msgid ""
1167"A: Yes. In our efforts to standardize GNS, we have already modified the "
1168"protocol to support alternative delegation records. <br> <br> Naturally, "
1169"deployed GNS implementations would have to be updated to support the new "
1170"signature scheme. The new scheme can then be run in parallel with the "
1171"existing system by using a new record type to indicate the use of a "
1172"different cipher system."
1173msgstr ""
1174
1175#: template/faq.html.j2:411
1176msgid ""
1177"How can a GNS zone maintain several name servers, e.g. for load balancing?"
1178msgstr ""
1179
1180#: template/faq.html.j2:413
1181msgid ""
1182"A: We don't expect this to be necessary, as GNS records are stored (and "
1183"replicated) in the R5N DHT. Thus the authority will typically not be "
1184"contacted whenever clients perform a lookup. Even if the authority goes "
1185"(temporarily) off-line, the DHT will cache the records for some time. "
1186"However, should having multiple servers for a zone be considered truly "
1187"necessary, the owner of the zone can simply run multiple peers (and share "
1188"the zone's key and database among them)."
1189msgstr ""
1190
1191#: template/faq.html.j2:426
1192msgid ""
1193"Why do you believe it is worth giving up unique names for censorship "
1194"resistance?"
1195msgstr ""
1196
1197#: template/faq.html.j2:428
1198msgid ""
1199"A: The GNU Name system offers an alternative to DNS that is censorship "
1200"resistant. As with any security mechanism, this comes at a cost (names are "
1201"not globally unique). To draw a parallel, HTTPS connections use more "
1202"bandwidth and have higher latency than HTTP connections. Depending on your "
1203"application, HTTPS may not be worth the cost. However, for users that are "
1204"experiencing censorship (or are concerned about it), giving up globally "
1205"unique names may very well be worth the cost. After all, what is a &quot;"
1206"globally&quot; unique name worth, if it does not resolve?"
1207msgstr ""
1208
1209#: template/faq.html.j2:442
1210msgid "Why do you say that DNS is 'centralized' and 'distributed'?"
1211msgstr ""
1212
1213#: template/faq.html.j2:444
1214msgid ""
1215"A: We say that DNS is 'centralized' because it has a central component / "
1216"central point of failure --- the root zone and its management by IANA/ICANN. "
1217"This centralization creates vulnerabilities. For example, the US government "
1218"was able to reassign the management of the country-TLDs of Afganistan and "
1219"Iraq during the wars at the beginning of the 21st century."
1220msgstr ""
1221
1222#: template/faq.html.j2:455
1223msgid "How does GNS protect against layer-3 censorship?"
1224msgstr ""
1225
1226#: template/faq.html.j2:457
1227msgid ""
1228"A: GNS does not directly help with layer-3 censorship, but it does help "
1229"indirectly in two ways: <ol> <li> Many websites today use virtual hosting, "
1230"so blocking a particular IP address causes much more collateral damage than "
1231"blocking a DNS name. It thus raises the cost of censorship.</li> <li> "
1232"Existing layer-3 circumvention solutions (such as Tor) would benefit from a "
1233"censorship resistant naming system. Accessing Tor's &quot;.onion&quot; "
1234"namespace currently requires users to use unmemorable cryptographic "
1235"identifiers. With nicer names, Tor and tor2web-like services would be even "
1236"easier to use. </ol>"
1237msgstr ""
1238
1239#: template/faq.html.j2:476
1240msgid "Does GNS work with search engines?"
1241msgstr ""
1242
1243#: template/faq.html.j2:478
1244msgid ""
1245"A: GNS creates no significant problems for search engines, as they can use "
1246"GNS to perform name resolution as well as any normal user. Naturally, while "
1247"we typically expect normal users to install custom software for name "
1248"resolution, this is unlikely to work for search engines today. However, the "
1249"DNS2GNS gateway allows search engines to use DNS to resolve GNS names, so "
1250"they can still index GNS resources. However, as using DNS2GNS gateways "
1251"breaks the cryptographic chain of trust, legacy search engines will "
1252"obviously not obtain censorship-resistant names."
1253msgstr ""
1254
1255#: template/faq.html.j2:492
1256msgid "How does GNS compare to the Unmanaged Internet Architecture (UIA)?"
1257msgstr ""
1258
1259#: template/faq.html.j2:494
1260msgid ""
1261"A: UIA and GNS both share the same basic naming model, which actually "
1262"originated with Rivest's SDSI. However, UIA is not concerned about "
1263"integration with legacy applications and instead focuses on universal "
1264"connectivity between a user's many machines. In contrast, GNS was designed "
1265"to interoperate with DNS as much as possible, and to also work as much as "
1266"possible with the existing Web infrastructure. UIA is not at all concerned "
1267"about legacy systems (clean slate)."
1268msgstr ""
1269
1270#: template/faq.html.j2:507
1271msgid "Doesn't GNS increase the trusted-computing base compared to DNS(SEC)?"
1272msgstr ""
1273
1274#: template/faq.html.j2:509
1275msgid ""
1276"A: First of all, in GNS you can explicitly see the trust chain, so you know "
1277"if a name you are resolving belongs to a friend, or a friend-of-a-friend, "
1278"and can thus decide how much you trust the result. Naturally, the trusted-"
1279"computing base (TCB) can become arbitrarily large this way --- however, "
1280"given the name length restriction, for an individual name it is always less "
1281"than about 128 entities."
1282msgstr ""
1283
1284#: template/faq.html.j2:521
1285msgid ""
1286"How does GNS handle SRV/TLSA records where service and protocol are part of "
1287"the domain name?"
1288msgstr ""
1289
1290#: template/faq.html.j2:523
1291msgid ""
1292"A: When GNS splits a domain name into labels for resolution, it detects the "
1293"&quot;_Service._Proto&quot; syntax, converts &quot;Service&quot; to the "
1294"corresponding port number and &quot;Proto&quot; to the corresponding "
1295"protocol number. The rest of the name is resolved as usual. Then, when the "
1296"result is presented, GNS looks for the GNS-specific &quot;BOX&quot; record "
1297"type. A BOX record is a record that contains another record (such as SRV or "
1298"TLSA records) and adds a service and protocol number (and the original boxed "
1299"record type) to it."
1300msgstr ""
1301
1302#: template/faq.html.j2:541
807msgid "" 1303msgid ""
808"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. " 1304"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. "
809"Should I worry?" 1305"Should I worry?"
810msgstr "" 1306msgstr ""
811 1307
812#: template/faq.html.j2:37 1308#: template/faq.html.j2:543
813msgid "" 1309msgid ""
814"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in GNUnet. " 1310"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in GNUnet. "
815"We have started a major rewrite to address this and other problems, but " 1311"We have started a major rewrite to address this and other problems, but "
@@ -817,14 +1313,38 @@ msgid ""
817"expected." 1313"expected."
818msgstr "" 1314msgstr ""
819 1315
820#: template/faq.html.j2:46 1316#: template/faq.html.j2:552
821msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?" 1317msgid "Error opening `/dev/net/tun': No such file or directory?"
822msgstr "" 1318msgstr ""
823 1319
824#: template/faq.html.j2:48 1320#: template/faq.html.j2:554
825msgid "" 1321msgid ""
826"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ " 1322"A: If you get this error message, the solution is simple. Issue the "
827"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration." 1323"following commands (as root) to create the required device file"
1324msgstr ""
1325
1326#: template/faq.html.j2:566
1327msgid ""
1328"'iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.' (when running gnunet-service-"
1329"dns)?"
1330msgstr ""
1331
1332#: template/faq.html.j2:568
1333msgid ""
1334"A: For GNUnet DNS, your iptables needs to have &quot;owner&quot; match "
1335"support. This is accomplished by having the correct kernel options. Check if "
1336"your kernel has CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_OWNER set to either 'y' or "
1337"'m' (and the module is loaded)."
1338msgstr ""
1339
1340#: template/faq.html.j2:580
1341msgid "'Timeout was reached' when running PT on Fedora (and possibly others)?"
1342msgstr ""
1343
1344#: template/faq.html.j2:582
1345msgid ""
1346"A: If you get an error stating that the VPN timeout was reached, check if "
1347"your firewall is enabled and blocking the connections."
828msgstr "" 1348msgstr ""
829 1349
830#: template/glossary.html.j2:12 1350#: template/glossary.html.j2:12
@@ -931,10 +1451,6 @@ msgstr ""
931msgid "Overview" 1451msgid "Overview"
932msgstr "" 1452msgstr ""
933 1453
934#: template/gns.html.j2:37
935msgid "Features"
936msgstr ""
937
938#: template/gns.html.j2:39 1454#: template/gns.html.j2:39
939msgid "" 1455msgid ""
940"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It " 1456"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It "
diff --git a/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po b/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
index dc4f31e9..c22c09b4 100644
--- a/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
+++ b/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ msgid ""
7msgstr "" 7msgstr ""
8"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n" 8"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n"
9"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n" 9"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
10"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-03 21:41+0100\n" 10"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-12 12:43+0100\n"
11"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-03-09 18:35+0000\n" 11"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-03-09 18:35+0000\n"
12"Last-Translator: Sabino Miani <sbn.miani@gmail.com>\n" 12"Last-Translator: Sabino Miani <sbn.miani@gmail.com>\n"
13"Language-Team: Italian <http://weblate.taler.net/projects/gnunet/website/it/>" 13"Language-Team: Italian <http://weblate.taler.net/projects/gnunet/website/it/"
14"\n" 14">\n"
15"Language: it\n" 15"Language: it\n"
16"MIME-Version: 1.0\n" 16"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
17"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" 17"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ msgid "About"
66msgstr "Per quanto riguarda" 66msgstr "Per quanto riguarda"
67 67
68#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8 68#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8
69#: news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:13
69#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13 70#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13
70msgid "News" 71msgid "News"
71msgstr "Notizia" 72msgstr "Notizia"
@@ -158,19 +159,22 @@ msgstr "REST API"
158msgid "FAQ" 159msgid "FAQ"
159msgstr "Domande Frequenti" 160msgstr "Domande Frequenti"
160 161
161#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16 162#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:16
163#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16
162#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16 164#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16
163msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events" 165msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events"
164msgstr "" 166msgstr ""
165"Annunci di notizie legate ai cambiamenti di GNUnet come comunicati stampa ed " 167"Annunci di notizie legate ai cambiamenti di GNUnet come comunicati stampa ed "
166"eventi" 168"eventi"
167 169
168#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21 170#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:21
171#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:21 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21
169#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21 172#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21
170msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed" 173msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed"
171msgstr "Fai la sottoscrizione alla nostra bacheca RSS" 174msgstr "Fai la sottoscrizione alla nostra bacheca RSS"
172 175
173#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40 176#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:40
177#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:40 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40
174#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40 178#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40
175msgid "read more" 179msgid "read more"
176msgstr "Per saperne di più" 180msgstr "Per saperne di più"
@@ -227,8 +231,8 @@ msgstr ""
227"ostili presenti nella rete. \n" 231"ostili presenti nella rete. \n"
228"Inoltre, l'internet dei giorni nostri si è evoluto al punto che, come " 232"Inoltre, l'internet dei giorni nostri si è evoluto al punto che, come "
229"sottolineato da Matthew Green, \n" 233"sottolineato da Matthew Green, \n"
230"<a href=\"https://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2015/08/16/" 234"<a href=\"https://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2015/08/16/the-network-is-"
231"the-network-is-hostile/\">\"la rete è ostile\"</a>." 235"hostile/\">\"la rete è ostile\"</a>."
232 236
233#: template/about.html.j2:41 237#: template/about.html.j2:41
234msgid "" 238msgid ""
@@ -294,7 +298,8 @@ msgstr ""
294 298
295#: template/about.html.j2:64 299#: template/about.html.j2:64
296msgid "GNUnet must be open and permit new peers to join." 300msgid "GNUnet must be open and permit new peers to join."
297msgstr "GNUnet deve essere aperto e lasciare che nuovi colleghi possano unirsi." 301msgstr ""
302"GNUnet deve essere aperto e lasciare che nuovi colleghi possano unirsi."
298 303
299#: template/about.html.j2:65 304#: template/about.html.j2:65
300msgid "GNUnet must support a diverse range of applications and devices." 305msgid "GNUnet must support a diverse range of applications and devices."
@@ -366,9 +371,9 @@ msgstr ""
366"Esistono molte più risorse che permettono di conoscere GNUnet oltre che il " 371"Esistono molte più risorse che permettono di conoscere GNUnet oltre che il "
367"<a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html\">manuale</a>, " 372"<a href=\"https://docs.gnunet.org/handbook/gnunet.html\">manuale</a>, "
368"abbiamo la<a href=\"https://bib.gnunet.org/\">bibliografia</a> con fogli che " 373"abbiamo la<a href=\"https://bib.gnunet.org/\">bibliografia</a> con fogli che "
369"coprono i vari strati, molti<a href=\"https://gnunet.org/en/video.html\"" 374"coprono i vari strati, molti<a href=\"https://gnunet.org/en/video.html"
370">video</a>o un breve <a href=\"https://gnunet.org/en/glossary.html\"" 375"\">video</a>o un breve <a href=\"https://gnunet.org/en/glossary.html"
371">glossario</a>." 376"\">glossario</a>."
372 377
373#: template/about.html.j2:95 378#: template/about.html.j2:95
374msgid "" 379msgid ""
@@ -379,8 +384,8 @@ msgid ""
379msgstr "" 384msgstr ""
380"Sei sempre il benvenuto <a href=\"engage.html\">quando si tratta di " 385"Sei sempre il benvenuto <a href=\"engage.html\">quando si tratta di "
381"affrontare conversazioni</a>, <a href=\"install.html\">installare GNUnet</" 386"affrontare conversazioni</a>, <a href=\"install.html\">installare GNUnet</"
382"a>, <a href=\"use.html\">utilizzarlo</a> e <a href=\"engage.html\"" 387"a>, <a href=\"use.html\">utilizzarlo</a> e <a href=\"engage.html"
383">contribuire ed impegnarsi</a> in svariati modi." 388"\">contribuire ed impegnarsi</a> in svariati modi."
384 389
385#: template/about.html.j2:100 390#: template/about.html.j2:100
386msgid "" 391msgid ""
@@ -905,11 +910,123 @@ msgid ""
905"<dd>DE67830654080004822650 (BIC/SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR)</dd> </dl>" 910"<dd>DE67830654080004822650 (BIC/SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR)</dd> </dl>"
906msgstr "" 911msgstr ""
907 912
908#: template/faq.html.j2:12 913#: template/faq.html.j2:12 template/faq.html.j2:21
914msgid "General"
915msgstr ""
916
917#: template/faq.html.j2:13 template/faq.html.j2:146 template/gns.html.j2:37
918msgid "Features"
919msgstr ""
920
921#: template/faq.html.j2:15 template/faq.html.j2:539
922msgid "Error messages"
923msgstr ""
924
925#: template/faq.html.j2:24
926msgid "What do I do if my question is not answered here?"
927msgstr ""
928
929#: template/faq.html.j2:26
930msgid ""
931"A: There are many other sources of information. You can read additional "
932"documentation or ask the question on the help-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list or "
933"the #gnunet IRC on irc.freenode.net."
934msgstr ""
935
936#: template/faq.html.j2:34
937msgid "When are you going to release the next version?"
938msgstr ""
939
940#: template/faq.html.j2:36
941msgid ""
942"A: The general answer is, when it is ready. A better answer may be: earlier "
943"if you contribute (test, debug, code, document). Every release will be "
944"anounced on the info-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list and on <a href=\"https://"
945"planet.gnu.org\">planet GNU</a>. You can subscribe to the mailing list or "
946"the RSS feed of this site to automatically receive a notification."
947msgstr ""
948
949#: template/faq.html.j2:47
950msgid "Is the code free?"
951msgstr ""
952
953#: template/faq.html.j2:49
954msgid ""
955"A: GNUnet is free software, available under the <a href=\"https://www.gnu."
956"org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html\">GNU Affero Public License (AGPL)</a>."
957msgstr ""
958
959#: template/faq.html.j2:56
960msgid "Are there any known bugs?"
961msgstr ""
962
963#: template/faq.html.j2:58
964msgid ""
965"A: We track the list of currently known bugs in the <a href=\"https://bugs."
966"gnunet.org/\">Mantis system</a>. Some bugs are occasionally reported "
967"directly to developers or the developer mailing list. This is discouraged "
968"since developers often do not have the time to feed these bugs back into the "
969"Mantis database. Please report bugs directly to the bug tracking system. If "
970"you believe a bug is sensitive, you can set its view status to private (this "
971"should be the exception)."
972msgstr ""
973
974#: template/faq.html.j2:71
975msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?"
976msgstr ""
977
978#: template/faq.html.j2:73
979msgid ""
980"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ "
981"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration."
982msgstr ""
983
984#: template/faq.html.j2:81
985msgid "Why does gnunet-service-nse create a high CPU load?"
986msgstr ""
987
988#: template/faq.html.j2:83
989msgid ""
990"A: The gnunet-service-nse process will initially compute a so-called &quot;"
991"proof-of-work&quot; which is used to convince the network that your peer is "
992"real (or, rather, make it expensive for an adversary to mount a Sybil attack "
993"on the network size estimator). The calculation is expected to take a few "
994"days, depending on how fast your CPU is. If the CPU load is creating a "
995"problem for you, you can set the value &quot;WORKDELAY&quot; in the &quot;"
996"nse&quot; section of your configuration file to a higher value. The default "
997"is &quot;5 ms&quot;."
998msgstr ""
999
1000#: template/faq.html.j2:97
1001msgid "How does GNUnet compare to Tor?"
1002msgstr ""
1003
1004#: template/faq.html.j2:99
1005msgid ""
1006"A: Tor focuses on anonymous communication and censorship-resistance for TCP "
1007"connections and, with the Tor Browser Bundle, for the Web in particular. "
1008"GNUnet does not really have one focus; our theme is secure decentralized "
1009"networking, but that is too broad to be called a focus."
1010msgstr ""
1011
1012#: template/faq.html.j2:109
1013msgid "How does GNUnet compare to I2P?"
1014msgstr ""
1015
1016#: template/faq.html.j2:111
1017msgid ""
1018"A: Both GNUnet and I2P want to build a better, more secure, more "
1019"decentralized Internet. However, on the technical side, there are almost no "
1020"overlaps. <br><br> I2P is written in Java, and has (asymmetric) tunnels "
1021"using onion (or garlic) routing as the basis for various (anonymized) "
1022"applications. I2P is largely used via a Web frontend."
1023msgstr ""
1024
1025#: template/faq.html.j2:122
909msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?" 1026msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?"
910msgstr "" 1027msgstr ""
911 1028
912#: template/faq.html.j2:14 1029#: template/faq.html.j2:124
913msgid "" 1030msgid ""
914"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet ready " 1031"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet ready "
915"for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on the " 1032"for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on the "
@@ -918,24 +1035,406 @@ msgid ""
918"rewriting it (Project &quot;Transport Next Generation [TNG]&quot;)" 1035"rewriting it (Project &quot;Transport Next Generation [TNG]&quot;)"
919msgstr "" 1036msgstr ""
920 1037
921#: template/faq.html.j2:24 1038#: template/faq.html.j2:134
922msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?" 1039msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?"
923msgstr "" 1040msgstr ""
924 1041
925#: template/faq.html.j2:26 1042#: template/faq.html.j2:136
926msgid "" 1043msgid ""
927"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, " 1044"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, "
928"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be " 1045"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be "
929"built using GNUnet, we currently have no plans in doing so." 1046"built using GNUnet, we currently have no plans in doing so."
930msgstr "" 1047msgstr ""
931 1048
932#: template/faq.html.j2:35 1049#: template/faq.html.j2:148
1050#, fuzzy
1051#| msgid "What is GNUnet?"
1052msgid "What can I do with GNUnet?"
1053msgstr "Cos'è GNUnet?"
1054
1055#: template/faq.html.j2:150
1056msgid ""
1057"A: GNUnet is a peer-to-peer framework, by which we mostly mean that it can "
1058"do more than just one thing. Naturally, the implementation and documentation "
1059"of some of the features that exist are more advanced than others."
1060msgstr ""
1061
1062#: template/faq.html.j2:157
1063msgid ""
1064"For users, GNUnet offers anonymous and non-anonymous file-sharing, a fully "
1065"decentralized and censorship-resistant replacement for DNS and a mechanism "
1066"for IPv4-IPv6 protocol translation and tunneling (NAT-PT with DNS-ALG)."
1067msgstr ""
1068
1069#: template/faq.html.j2:171
1070msgid "Who runs the GNS root zone?"
1071msgstr ""
1072
1073#: template/faq.html.j2:173
1074msgid ""
1075"A: Short answer: you. The long answer is the GNUnet will ship with a default "
1076"configuration of top-level domains. The governance of this default "
1077"configuration is not yet established. In any case, the user will be able to "
1078"modify this configuration at will. We expect normal users to have no need to "
1079"edit their own GNS zone(s) unless they host services themselves."
1080msgstr ""
1081
1082#: template/faq.html.j2:184
1083msgid "Where is the per-user GNS database kept?"
1084msgstr ""
1085
1086#: template/faq.html.j2:186
1087msgid ""
1088"A: The short answer is that the database is kept at the user's GNUnet peer. "
1089"Now, a user may run multiple GNUnet peers, in which case the database could "
1090"be kept at each peer (however, we don't have code for convenient "
1091"replication). Similarly, multiple GNUnet peers can share one instance of the "
1092"database --- the &quot;gnunet-service-namestore&quot; can be accessed from "
1093"remote (via TCP). The actual data can be stored in a Postgres database, for "
1094"which various replication options are again applicable. Ultimately, there "
1095"are many options for how users can store (and secure) their GNS database."
1096msgstr ""
1097
1098#: template/faq.html.j2:201
1099msgid "What is the expected average size of a GNS namestore database?"
1100msgstr ""
1101
1102#: template/faq.html.j2:203
1103msgid ""
1104"A: Pretty small. Based on our user study where we looked at browser "
1105"histories and the number of domains visited, we expect that GNS databases "
1106"will only grow to a few tens of thousands of entries, small enough to fit "
1107"even on mobile devices."
1108msgstr ""
1109
1110#: template/faq.html.j2:213
1111msgid "Is GNS resistant to the attacks on DNS used by the US?"
1112msgstr ""
1113
1114#: template/faq.html.j2:215
1115msgid ""
1116"A: We believe so, as there is no entity that any government could force to "
1117"change the mapping for a name except for each individual user (and then the "
1118"changes would only apply to the names that this user is the authority for). "
1119"So if everyone used GNS, the only practical attack of a government would be "
1120"to force the operator of a server to change the GNS records for his server "
1121"to point elsewhere. However, if the owner of the private key for a zone is "
1122"unavailable for enforcement, the respective zone cannot be changed and any "
1123"other zone delegating to this zone will achieve proper resolution."
1124msgstr ""
1125
1126#: template/faq.html.j2:229
1127msgid "What is the difference between GNS and CoDoNS?"
1128msgstr ""
1129
1130#: template/faq.html.j2:231
1131msgid ""
1132"A: CoDoNS decentralizes the DNS database (using a DHT) but preserves the "
1133"authority structure of DNS. With CoDoNS, IANA/ICANN are still in charge, and "
1134"there are still registrars that determine who owns a name. <br><br> With "
1135"GNS, we decentralize the database and also decentralize the responsibility "
1136"for naming: each user runs his own personal root zone and is thus in "
1137"complete control of the names he uses. GNS also has many additional features "
1138"(to keep names short and enable migration) which don't even make sense in "
1139"the context of CoDoNS."
1140msgstr ""
1141
1142#: template/faq.html.j2:247
1143msgid "What is the difference between GNS and SocialDNS?"
1144msgstr ""
1145
1146#: template/faq.html.j2:249
1147msgid ""
1148"A: Like GNS, SocialDNS allows each user to create DNS mappings. However, "
1149"with SocialDNS the mappings are shared through the social network and "
1150"subjected to ranking. As the social relationships evolve, names can thus "
1151"change in surprising ways. <br><br> With GNS, names are primarily shared via "
1152"delegation, and thus mappings will only change if the user responsible for "
1153"the name (the authority) manually changes the record."
1154msgstr ""
1155
1156#: template/faq.html.j2:263
1157msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ODDNS?"
1158msgstr ""
1159
1160#: template/faq.html.j2:265
1161msgid ""
1162"A: ODDNS is primarily designed to bypass the DNS root zone and the TLD "
1163"registries (such as those for \".com\" and \".org\"). Instead of using "
1164"those, each user is expected to maintain a database of (second-level) "
1165"domains (like \"gnu.org\") and the IP addresses of the respective name "
1166"servers. Resolution will fail if the target name servers change IPs."
1167msgstr ""
1168
1169#: template/faq.html.j2:276
1170msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Namecoin?"
1171msgstr ""
1172
1173#: template/faq.html.j2:283
1174msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Handshake?"
1175msgstr ""
1176
1177#: template/faq.html.j2:289
1178msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ENS?"
1179msgstr ""
1180
1181#: template/faq.html.j2:295
1182msgid "What is the difference between GNS and TrickleDNS?"
1183msgstr ""
1184
1185#: template/faq.html.j2:297
1186msgid ""
1187"A: TrickleDNS pushes (&quot;critical&quot;) DNS records between DNS "
1188"resolvers of participating domains to provide &quot;better availability, "
1189"lower query resolution times, and faster update propagation&quot;. Thus "
1190"TrickleDNS is focused on defeating attacks on the availability (and "
1191"performance) of record propagation in DNS, for example via DDoS attacks on "
1192"DNS root servers. TrickleDNS is thus concerned with how to ensure "
1193"distribution of authoritative records, and authority remains derived from "
1194"the DNS hierarchy."
1195msgstr ""
1196
1197#: template/faq.html.j2:310
1198msgid ""
1199"Does GNS require real-world introduction (secure PKEY exchange) in the style "
1200"of the PGP web of trust?"
1201msgstr ""
1202
1203#: template/faq.html.j2:312
1204msgid ""
1205"A: For security, it is well known that an initial trust path between the two "
1206"parties must exist. However, for applications where this is not required, "
1207"weaker mechanisms can be used. For example, we have implemented a first-come-"
1208"first-served (FCFS) authority which allows arbitrary users to register "
1209"arbitrary names. The key of this authority is included with every GNUnet "
1210"installation. Thus, any name registered with FCFS is in fact global and "
1211"requires no further introduction. However, the security of these names "
1212"depends entirely on the trustworthiness of the FCFS authority. The authority "
1213"can be queried under the &quot;.ping&quot; TLD."
1214msgstr ""
1215
1216#: template/faq.html.j2:327
1217msgid ""
1218"How can a legitimate domain owner tell other people to not use his name in "
1219"GNS?"
1220msgstr ""
1221
1222#: template/faq.html.j2:329
1223msgid ""
1224"A: Names have no owners in GNS, so there cannot be a &quot;legitimate&quot; "
1225"domain owner. Any user can claim any name (as his preferred name or &quot;"
1226"pseudonym&quot;) in his NICK record. Similarly, all other users can choose "
1227"to ignore this preference and use a name of their choice (or even assign no "
1228"name) for this user."
1229msgstr ""
1230
1231#: template/faq.html.j2:340
1232msgid ""
1233"Did you consider the privacy implications of making your personal GNS zone "
1234"visible?"
1235msgstr ""
1236
1237#: template/faq.html.j2:342
1238msgid ""
1239"A: Each record in GNS has a flag &quot;private&quot;. Records are shared "
1240"with other users (via DHT or zone transfers) only if this flag is not set. "
1241"Thus, users have full control over what information about their zones is "
1242"made public."
1243msgstr ""
1244
1245#: template/faq.html.j2:352
1246msgid "Are \"Legacy Host\" (LEHO) records not going to be obsolete with IPv6?"
1247msgstr ""
1248
1249#: template/faq.html.j2:354
1250msgid ""
1251"A: The question presumes that (a) virtual hosting is only necessary because "
1252"of IPv4 address scarcity, and (b) that LEHOs are only useful in the context "
1253"of virtual hosting. However, LEHOs are also useful to help with X.509 "
1254"certificate validation (as they specify for which legacy hostname the "
1255"certificate should be valid). Also, even with IPv6 fully deployed and &quot;"
1256"infinite&quot; IP addresses being available, we're not sure that virtual "
1257"hosting would disappear. Finally, we don't want to have to wait for IPv6 to "
1258"become commonplace, GNS should work with today's networks."
1259msgstr ""
1260
1261#: template/faq.html.j2:368
1262msgid ""
1263"Why does GNS not use a trust metric or consensus to determine globally "
1264"unique names?"
1265msgstr ""
1266
1267#: template/faq.html.j2:370
1268msgid ""
1269"A: Trust metrics have the fundamental problem that they have thresholds. As "
1270"trust relationships evolve, mappings would change their meaning as they "
1271"cross each others thresholds. We decided that the resulting unpredictability "
1272"of the resolution process was not acceptable. Furthermore, trust and "
1273"consensus might be easy to manipulate by adversaries."
1274msgstr ""
1275
1276#: template/faq.html.j2:381
1277msgid "How do you handle compromised zone keys in GNS?"
1278msgstr ""
1279
1280#: template/faq.html.j2:383
1281msgid ""
1282"A: The owner of a private key can create a revocation message. This one can "
1283"then be flooded throughout the overlay network, creating a copy at all "
1284"peers. Before using a public key, peers check if that key has been revoked. "
1285"All names that involve delegation via a revoked zone will then fail to "
1286"resolve. Peers always automatically check for the existence of a revocation "
1287"message when resolving names."
1288msgstr ""
1289
1290#: template/faq.html.j2:395
1291msgid "Could the signing algorithm of GNS be upgraded in the future?"
1292msgstr ""
1293
1294#: template/faq.html.j2:397
1295msgid ""
1296"A: Yes. In our efforts to standardize GNS, we have already modified the "
1297"protocol to support alternative delegation records. <br> <br> Naturally, "
1298"deployed GNS implementations would have to be updated to support the new "
1299"signature scheme. The new scheme can then be run in parallel with the "
1300"existing system by using a new record type to indicate the use of a "
1301"different cipher system."
1302msgstr ""
1303
1304#: template/faq.html.j2:411
1305msgid ""
1306"How can a GNS zone maintain several name servers, e.g. for load balancing?"
1307msgstr ""
1308
1309#: template/faq.html.j2:413
1310msgid ""
1311"A: We don't expect this to be necessary, as GNS records are stored (and "
1312"replicated) in the R5N DHT. Thus the authority will typically not be "
1313"contacted whenever clients perform a lookup. Even if the authority goes "
1314"(temporarily) off-line, the DHT will cache the records for some time. "
1315"However, should having multiple servers for a zone be considered truly "
1316"necessary, the owner of the zone can simply run multiple peers (and share "
1317"the zone's key and database among them)."
1318msgstr ""
1319
1320#: template/faq.html.j2:426
1321msgid ""
1322"Why do you believe it is worth giving up unique names for censorship "
1323"resistance?"
1324msgstr ""
1325
1326#: template/faq.html.j2:428
1327msgid ""
1328"A: The GNU Name system offers an alternative to DNS that is censorship "
1329"resistant. As with any security mechanism, this comes at a cost (names are "
1330"not globally unique). To draw a parallel, HTTPS connections use more "
1331"bandwidth and have higher latency than HTTP connections. Depending on your "
1332"application, HTTPS may not be worth the cost. However, for users that are "
1333"experiencing censorship (or are concerned about it), giving up globally "
1334"unique names may very well be worth the cost. After all, what is a &quot;"
1335"globally&quot; unique name worth, if it does not resolve?"
1336msgstr ""
1337
1338#: template/faq.html.j2:442
1339msgid "Why do you say that DNS is 'centralized' and 'distributed'?"
1340msgstr ""
1341
1342#: template/faq.html.j2:444
1343msgid ""
1344"A: We say that DNS is 'centralized' because it has a central component / "
1345"central point of failure --- the root zone and its management by IANA/ICANN. "
1346"This centralization creates vulnerabilities. For example, the US government "
1347"was able to reassign the management of the country-TLDs of Afganistan and "
1348"Iraq during the wars at the beginning of the 21st century."
1349msgstr ""
1350
1351#: template/faq.html.j2:455
1352msgid "How does GNS protect against layer-3 censorship?"
1353msgstr ""
1354
1355#: template/faq.html.j2:457
1356msgid ""
1357"A: GNS does not directly help with layer-3 censorship, but it does help "
1358"indirectly in two ways: <ol> <li> Many websites today use virtual hosting, "
1359"so blocking a particular IP address causes much more collateral damage than "
1360"blocking a DNS name. It thus raises the cost of censorship.</li> <li> "
1361"Existing layer-3 circumvention solutions (such as Tor) would benefit from a "
1362"censorship resistant naming system. Accessing Tor's &quot;.onion&quot; "
1363"namespace currently requires users to use unmemorable cryptographic "
1364"identifiers. With nicer names, Tor and tor2web-like services would be even "
1365"easier to use. </ol>"
1366msgstr ""
1367
1368#: template/faq.html.j2:476
1369msgid "Does GNS work with search engines?"
1370msgstr ""
1371
1372#: template/faq.html.j2:478
1373msgid ""
1374"A: GNS creates no significant problems for search engines, as they can use "
1375"GNS to perform name resolution as well as any normal user. Naturally, while "
1376"we typically expect normal users to install custom software for name "
1377"resolution, this is unlikely to work for search engines today. However, the "
1378"DNS2GNS gateway allows search engines to use DNS to resolve GNS names, so "
1379"they can still index GNS resources. However, as using DNS2GNS gateways "
1380"breaks the cryptographic chain of trust, legacy search engines will "
1381"obviously not obtain censorship-resistant names."
1382msgstr ""
1383
1384#: template/faq.html.j2:492
1385msgid "How does GNS compare to the Unmanaged Internet Architecture (UIA)?"
1386msgstr ""
1387
1388#: template/faq.html.j2:494
1389msgid ""
1390"A: UIA and GNS both share the same basic naming model, which actually "
1391"originated with Rivest's SDSI. However, UIA is not concerned about "
1392"integration with legacy applications and instead focuses on universal "
1393"connectivity between a user's many machines. In contrast, GNS was designed "
1394"to interoperate with DNS as much as possible, and to also work as much as "
1395"possible with the existing Web infrastructure. UIA is not at all concerned "
1396"about legacy systems (clean slate)."
1397msgstr ""
1398
1399#: template/faq.html.j2:507
1400msgid "Doesn't GNS increase the trusted-computing base compared to DNS(SEC)?"
1401msgstr ""
1402
1403#: template/faq.html.j2:509
1404msgid ""
1405"A: First of all, in GNS you can explicitly see the trust chain, so you know "
1406"if a name you are resolving belongs to a friend, or a friend-of-a-friend, "
1407"and can thus decide how much you trust the result. Naturally, the trusted-"
1408"computing base (TCB) can become arbitrarily large this way --- however, "
1409"given the name length restriction, for an individual name it is always less "
1410"than about 128 entities."
1411msgstr ""
1412
1413#: template/faq.html.j2:521
1414msgid ""
1415"How does GNS handle SRV/TLSA records where service and protocol are part of "
1416"the domain name?"
1417msgstr ""
1418
1419#: template/faq.html.j2:523
1420msgid ""
1421"A: When GNS splits a domain name into labels for resolution, it detects the "
1422"&quot;_Service._Proto&quot; syntax, converts &quot;Service&quot; to the "
1423"corresponding port number and &quot;Proto&quot; to the corresponding "
1424"protocol number. The rest of the name is resolved as usual. Then, when the "
1425"result is presented, GNS looks for the GNS-specific &quot;BOX&quot; record "
1426"type. A BOX record is a record that contains another record (such as SRV or "
1427"TLSA records) and adds a service and protocol number (and the original boxed "
1428"record type) to it."
1429msgstr ""
1430
1431#: template/faq.html.j2:541
933msgid "" 1432msgid ""
934"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. " 1433"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. "
935"Should I worry?" 1434"Should I worry?"
936msgstr "" 1435msgstr ""
937 1436
938#: template/faq.html.j2:37 1437#: template/faq.html.j2:543
939msgid "" 1438msgid ""
940"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in GNUnet. " 1439"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in GNUnet. "
941"We have started a major rewrite to address this and other problems, but " 1440"We have started a major rewrite to address this and other problems, but "
@@ -943,14 +1442,38 @@ msgid ""
943"expected." 1442"expected."
944msgstr "" 1443msgstr ""
945 1444
946#: template/faq.html.j2:46 1445#: template/faq.html.j2:552
947msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?" 1446msgid "Error opening `/dev/net/tun': No such file or directory?"
948msgstr "" 1447msgstr ""
949 1448
950#: template/faq.html.j2:48 1449#: template/faq.html.j2:554
951msgid "" 1450msgid ""
952"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ " 1451"A: If you get this error message, the solution is simple. Issue the "
953"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration." 1452"following commands (as root) to create the required device file"
1453msgstr ""
1454
1455#: template/faq.html.j2:566
1456msgid ""
1457"'iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.' (when running gnunet-service-"
1458"dns)?"
1459msgstr ""
1460
1461#: template/faq.html.j2:568
1462msgid ""
1463"A: For GNUnet DNS, your iptables needs to have &quot;owner&quot; match "
1464"support. This is accomplished by having the correct kernel options. Check if "
1465"your kernel has CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_OWNER set to either 'y' or "
1466"'m' (and the module is loaded)."
1467msgstr ""
1468
1469#: template/faq.html.j2:580
1470msgid "'Timeout was reached' when running PT on Fedora (and possibly others)?"
1471msgstr ""
1472
1473#: template/faq.html.j2:582
1474msgid ""
1475"A: If you get an error stating that the VPN timeout was reached, check if "
1476"your firewall is enabled and blocking the connections."
954msgstr "" 1477msgstr ""
955 1478
956#: template/glossary.html.j2:12 1479#: template/glossary.html.j2:12
@@ -1057,10 +1580,6 @@ msgstr ""
1057msgid "Overview" 1580msgid "Overview"
1058msgstr "" 1581msgstr ""
1059 1582
1060#: template/gns.html.j2:37
1061msgid "Features"
1062msgstr ""
1063
1064#: template/gns.html.j2:39 1583#: template/gns.html.j2:39
1065msgid "" 1584msgid ""
1066"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It " 1585"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It "
diff --git a/locale/messages.pot b/locale/messages.pot
index c129e8f2..4b2a70b6 100644
--- a/locale/messages.pot
+++ b/locale/messages.pot
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
8msgstr "" 8msgstr ""
9"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n" 9"Project-Id-Version: PROJECT VERSION\n"
10"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n" 10"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: EMAIL@ADDRESS\n"
11"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-03 21:41+0100\n" 11"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-03-12 12:43+0100\n"
12"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" 12"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
13"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" 13"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
14"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" 14"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ msgid "About"
63msgstr "" 63msgstr ""
64 64
65#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8 65#: common/navigation.j2.inc:39 news/index.html.j2:8
66#: news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:13
66#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13 67#: news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:13 news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:13
67msgid "News" 68msgid "News"
68msgstr "" 69msgstr ""
@@ -155,17 +156,20 @@ msgstr ""
155msgid "FAQ" 156msgid "FAQ"
156msgstr "" 157msgstr ""
157 158
158#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16 159#: news/index.html.j2:11 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:16
160#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:16
159#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16 161#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:16
160msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events" 162msgid "News posts about changes related to GNUnet such as releases and events"
161msgstr "" 163msgstr ""
162 164
163#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21 165#: news/index.html.j2:16 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:21
166#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:21 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:21
164#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21 167#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:21
165msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed" 168msgid "subscribe to our RSS feed"
166msgstr "" 169msgstr ""
167 170
168#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40 171#: news/index.html.j2:36 news/oldnews-2011.html.j2:40
172#: news/oldnews-2013.html.j2:40 news/oldnews-2018.html.j2:40
169#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40 173#: news/oldnews-2019.html.j2:40
170msgid "read more" 174msgid "read more"
171msgstr "" 175msgstr ""
@@ -792,11 +796,125 @@ msgid ""
792"<dd>DE67830654080004822650 (BIC/SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR)</dd> </dl>" 796"<dd>DE67830654080004822650 (BIC/SWIFT: GENODEF1SLR)</dd> </dl>"
793msgstr "" 797msgstr ""
794 798
795#: template/faq.html.j2:12 799#: template/faq.html.j2:12 template/faq.html.j2:21
800msgid "General"
801msgstr ""
802
803#: template/faq.html.j2:13 template/faq.html.j2:146 template/gns.html.j2:37
804msgid "Features"
805msgstr ""
806
807#: template/faq.html.j2:15 template/faq.html.j2:539
808msgid "Error messages"
809msgstr ""
810
811#: template/faq.html.j2:24
812msgid "What do I do if my question is not answered here?"
813msgstr ""
814
815#: template/faq.html.j2:26
816msgid ""
817"A: There are many other sources of information. You can read additional "
818"documentation or ask the question on the help-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list"
819" or the #gnunet IRC on irc.freenode.net."
820msgstr ""
821
822#: template/faq.html.j2:34
823msgid "When are you going to release the next version?"
824msgstr ""
825
826#: template/faq.html.j2:36
827msgid ""
828"A: The general answer is, when it is ready. A better answer may be: "
829"earlier if you contribute (test, debug, code, document). Every release "
830"will be anounced on the info-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list and on <a "
831"href=\"https://planet.gnu.org\">planet GNU</a>. You can subscribe to the "
832"mailing list or the RSS feed of this site to automatically receive a "
833"notification."
834msgstr ""
835
836#: template/faq.html.j2:47
837msgid "Is the code free?"
838msgstr ""
839
840#: template/faq.html.j2:49
841msgid ""
842"A: GNUnet is free software, available under the <a "
843"href=\"https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html\">GNU Affero Public "
844"License (AGPL)</a>."
845msgstr ""
846
847#: template/faq.html.j2:56
848msgid "Are there any known bugs?"
849msgstr ""
850
851#: template/faq.html.j2:58
852msgid ""
853"A: We track the list of currently known bugs in the <a "
854"href=\"https://bugs.gnunet.org/\">Mantis system</a>. Some bugs are "
855"occasionally reported directly to developers or the developer mailing "
856"list. This is discouraged since developers often do not have the time to "
857"feed these bugs back into the Mantis database. Please report bugs "
858"directly to the bug tracking system. If you believe a bug is sensitive, "
859"you can set its view status to private (this should be the exception)."
860msgstr ""
861
862#: template/faq.html.j2:71
863msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?"
864msgstr ""
865
866#: template/faq.html.j2:73
867msgid ""
868"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ "
869"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration."
870msgstr ""
871
872#: template/faq.html.j2:81
873msgid "Why does gnunet-service-nse create a high CPU load?"
874msgstr ""
875
876#: template/faq.html.j2:83
877msgid ""
878"A: The gnunet-service-nse process will initially compute a so-called "
879"&quot;proof-of-work&quot; which is used to convince the network that your"
880" peer is real (or, rather, make it expensive for an adversary to mount a "
881"Sybil attack on the network size estimator). The calculation is expected "
882"to take a few days, depending on how fast your CPU is. If the CPU load is"
883" creating a problem for you, you can set the value &quot;WORKDELAY&quot; "
884"in the &quot;nse&quot; section of your configuration file to a higher "
885"value. The default is &quot;5 ms&quot;."
886msgstr ""
887
888#: template/faq.html.j2:97
889msgid "How does GNUnet compare to Tor?"
890msgstr ""
891
892#: template/faq.html.j2:99
893msgid ""
894"A: Tor focuses on anonymous communication and censorship-resistance for "
895"TCP connections and, with the Tor Browser Bundle, for the Web in "
896"particular. GNUnet does not really have one focus; our theme is secure "
897"decentralized networking, but that is too broad to be called a focus."
898msgstr ""
899
900#: template/faq.html.j2:109
901msgid "How does GNUnet compare to I2P?"
902msgstr ""
903
904#: template/faq.html.j2:111
905msgid ""
906"A: Both GNUnet and I2P want to build a better, more secure, more "
907"decentralized Internet. However, on the technical side, there are almost "
908"no overlaps. <br><br> I2P is written in Java, and has (asymmetric) "
909"tunnels using onion (or garlic) routing as the basis for various "
910"(anonymized) applications. I2P is largely used via a Web frontend."
911msgstr ""
912
913#: template/faq.html.j2:122
796msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?" 914msgid "Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?"
797msgstr "" 915msgstr ""
798 916
799#: template/faq.html.j2:14 917#: template/faq.html.j2:124
800msgid "" 918msgid ""
801"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet " 919"A: GNUnet is still undergoing major development. It is largely not yet "
802"ready for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on " 920"ready for usage beyond developers. Your mileage will vary depending on "
@@ -806,24 +924,411 @@ msgid ""
806"[TNG]&quot;)" 924"[TNG]&quot;)"
807msgstr "" 925msgstr ""
808 926
809#: template/faq.html.j2:24 927#: template/faq.html.j2:134
810msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?" 928msgid "Is GNUnet build using distributed ledger technologies?"
811msgstr "" 929msgstr ""
812 930
813#: template/faq.html.j2:26 931#: template/faq.html.j2:136
814msgid "" 932msgid ""
815"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, " 933"A: No. GNUnet is a new network protocol stack for building secure, "
816"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be" 934"distributed, and privacy-preserving applications. While a ledger could be"
817" built using GNUnet, we currently have no plans in doing so." 935" built using GNUnet, we currently have no plans in doing so."
818msgstr "" 936msgstr ""
819 937
820#: template/faq.html.j2:35 938#: template/faq.html.j2:148
939msgid "What can I do with GNUnet?"
940msgstr ""
941
942#: template/faq.html.j2:150
943msgid ""
944"A: GNUnet is a peer-to-peer framework, by which we mostly mean that it "
945"can do more than just one thing. Naturally, the implementation and "
946"documentation of some of the features that exist are more advanced than "
947"others."
948msgstr ""
949
950#: template/faq.html.j2:157
951msgid ""
952"For users, GNUnet offers anonymous and non-anonymous file-sharing, a "
953"fully decentralized and censorship-resistant replacement for DNS and a "
954"mechanism for IPv4-IPv6 protocol translation and tunneling (NAT-PT with "
955"DNS-ALG)."
956msgstr ""
957
958#: template/faq.html.j2:171
959msgid "Who runs the GNS root zone?"
960msgstr ""
961
962#: template/faq.html.j2:173
963msgid ""
964"A: Short answer: you. The long answer is the GNUnet will ship with a "
965"default configuration of top-level domains. The governance of this "
966"default configuration is not yet established. In any case, the user will "
967"be able to modify this configuration at will. We expect normal users to "
968"have no need to edit their own GNS zone(s) unless they host services "
969"themselves."
970msgstr ""
971
972#: template/faq.html.j2:184
973msgid "Where is the per-user GNS database kept?"
974msgstr ""
975
976#: template/faq.html.j2:186
977msgid ""
978"A: The short answer is that the database is kept at the user's GNUnet "
979"peer. Now, a user may run multiple GNUnet peers, in which case the "
980"database could be kept at each peer (however, we don't have code for "
981"convenient replication). Similarly, multiple GNUnet peers can share one "
982"instance of the database --- the &quot;gnunet-service-namestore&quot; can"
983" be accessed from remote (via TCP). The actual data can be stored in a "
984"Postgres database, for which various replication options are again "
985"applicable. Ultimately, there are many options for how users can store "
986"(and secure) their GNS database."
987msgstr ""
988
989#: template/faq.html.j2:201
990msgid "What is the expected average size of a GNS namestore database?"
991msgstr ""
992
993#: template/faq.html.j2:203
994msgid ""
995"A: Pretty small. Based on our user study where we looked at browser "
996"histories and the number of domains visited, we expect that GNS databases"
997" will only grow to a few tens of thousands of entries, small enough to "
998"fit even on mobile devices."
999msgstr ""
1000
1001#: template/faq.html.j2:213
1002msgid "Is GNS resistant to the attacks on DNS used by the US?"
1003msgstr ""
1004
1005#: template/faq.html.j2:215
1006msgid ""
1007"A: We believe so, as there is no entity that any government could force "
1008"to change the mapping for a name except for each individual user (and "
1009"then the changes would only apply to the names that this user is the "
1010"authority for). So if everyone used GNS, the only practical attack of a "
1011"government would be to force the operator of a server to change the GNS "
1012"records for his server to point elsewhere. However, if the owner of the "
1013"private key for a zone is unavailable for enforcement, the respective "
1014"zone cannot be changed and any other zone delegating to this zone will "
1015"achieve proper resolution."
1016msgstr ""
1017
1018#: template/faq.html.j2:229
1019msgid "What is the difference between GNS and CoDoNS?"
1020msgstr ""
1021
1022#: template/faq.html.j2:231
1023msgid ""
1024"A: CoDoNS decentralizes the DNS database (using a DHT) but preserves the "
1025"authority structure of DNS. With CoDoNS, IANA/ICANN are still in charge, "
1026"and there are still registrars that determine who owns a name. <br><br> "
1027"With GNS, we decentralize the database and also decentralize the "
1028"responsibility for naming: each user runs his own personal root zone and "
1029"is thus in complete control of the names he uses. GNS also has many "
1030"additional features (to keep names short and enable migration) which "
1031"don't even make sense in the context of CoDoNS."
1032msgstr ""
1033
1034#: template/faq.html.j2:247
1035msgid "What is the difference between GNS and SocialDNS?"
1036msgstr ""
1037
1038#: template/faq.html.j2:249
1039msgid ""
1040"A: Like GNS, SocialDNS allows each user to create DNS mappings. However, "
1041"with SocialDNS the mappings are shared through the social network and "
1042"subjected to ranking. As the social relationships evolve, names can thus "
1043"change in surprising ways. <br><br> With GNS, names are primarily shared "
1044"via delegation, and thus mappings will only change if the user "
1045"responsible for the name (the authority) manually changes the record."
1046msgstr ""
1047
1048#: template/faq.html.j2:263
1049msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ODDNS?"
1050msgstr ""
1051
1052#: template/faq.html.j2:265
1053msgid ""
1054"A: ODDNS is primarily designed to bypass the DNS root zone and the TLD "
1055"registries (such as those for \".com\" and \".org\"). Instead of using "
1056"those, each user is expected to maintain a database of (second-level) "
1057"domains (like \"gnu.org\") and the IP addresses of the respective name "
1058"servers. Resolution will fail if the target name servers change IPs."
1059msgstr ""
1060
1061#: template/faq.html.j2:276
1062msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Namecoin?"
1063msgstr ""
1064
1065#: template/faq.html.j2:283
1066msgid "What is the difference between GNS and Handshake?"
1067msgstr ""
1068
1069#: template/faq.html.j2:289
1070msgid "What is the difference between GNS and ENS?"
1071msgstr ""
1072
1073#: template/faq.html.j2:295
1074msgid "What is the difference between GNS and TrickleDNS?"
1075msgstr ""
1076
1077#: template/faq.html.j2:297
1078msgid ""
1079"A: TrickleDNS pushes (&quot;critical&quot;) DNS records between DNS "
1080"resolvers of participating domains to provide &quot;better availability, "
1081"lower query resolution times, and faster update propagation&quot;. Thus "
1082"TrickleDNS is focused on defeating attacks on the availability (and "
1083"performance) of record propagation in DNS, for example via DDoS attacks "
1084"on DNS root servers. TrickleDNS is thus concerned with how to ensure "
1085"distribution of authoritative records, and authority remains derived from"
1086" the DNS hierarchy."
1087msgstr ""
1088
1089#: template/faq.html.j2:310
1090msgid ""
1091"Does GNS require real-world introduction (secure PKEY exchange) in the "
1092"style of the PGP web of trust?"
1093msgstr ""
1094
1095#: template/faq.html.j2:312
1096msgid ""
1097"A: For security, it is well known that an initial trust path between the "
1098"two parties must exist. However, for applications where this is not "
1099"required, weaker mechanisms can be used. For example, we have implemented"
1100" a first-come-first-served (FCFS) authority which allows arbitrary users "
1101"to register arbitrary names. The key of this authority is included with "
1102"every GNUnet installation. Thus, any name registered with FCFS is in fact"
1103" global and requires no further introduction. However, the security of "
1104"these names depends entirely on the trustworthiness of the FCFS "
1105"authority. The authority can be queried under the &quot;.ping&quot; TLD."
1106msgstr ""
1107
1108#: template/faq.html.j2:327
1109msgid ""
1110"How can a legitimate domain owner tell other people to not use his name "
1111"in GNS?"
1112msgstr ""
1113
1114#: template/faq.html.j2:329
1115msgid ""
1116"A: Names have no owners in GNS, so there cannot be a "
1117"&quot;legitimate&quot; domain owner. Any user can claim any name (as his "
1118"preferred name or &quot;pseudonym&quot;) in his NICK record. Similarly, "
1119"all other users can choose to ignore this preference and use a name of "
1120"their choice (or even assign no name) for this user."
1121msgstr ""
1122
1123#: template/faq.html.j2:340
1124msgid ""
1125"Did you consider the privacy implications of making your personal GNS "
1126"zone visible?"
1127msgstr ""
1128
1129#: template/faq.html.j2:342
1130msgid ""
1131"A: Each record in GNS has a flag &quot;private&quot;. Records are shared "
1132"with other users (via DHT or zone transfers) only if this flag is not "
1133"set. Thus, users have full control over what information about their "
1134"zones is made public."
1135msgstr ""
1136
1137#: template/faq.html.j2:352
1138msgid "Are \"Legacy Host\" (LEHO) records not going to be obsolete with IPv6?"
1139msgstr ""
1140
1141#: template/faq.html.j2:354
1142msgid ""
1143"A: The question presumes that (a) virtual hosting is only necessary "
1144"because of IPv4 address scarcity, and (b) that LEHOs are only useful in "
1145"the context of virtual hosting. However, LEHOs are also useful to help "
1146"with X.509 certificate validation (as they specify for which legacy "
1147"hostname the certificate should be valid). Also, even with IPv6 fully "
1148"deployed and &quot;infinite&quot; IP addresses being available, we're not"
1149" sure that virtual hosting would disappear. Finally, we don't want to "
1150"have to wait for IPv6 to become commonplace, GNS should work with today's"
1151" networks."
1152msgstr ""
1153
1154#: template/faq.html.j2:368
1155msgid ""
1156"Why does GNS not use a trust metric or consensus to determine globally "
1157"unique names?"
1158msgstr ""
1159
1160#: template/faq.html.j2:370
1161msgid ""
1162"A: Trust metrics have the fundamental problem that they have thresholds. "
1163"As trust relationships evolve, mappings would change their meaning as "
1164"they cross each others thresholds. We decided that the resulting "
1165"unpredictability of the resolution process was not acceptable. "
1166"Furthermore, trust and consensus might be easy to manipulate by "
1167"adversaries."
1168msgstr ""
1169
1170#: template/faq.html.j2:381
1171msgid "How do you handle compromised zone keys in GNS?"
1172msgstr ""
1173
1174#: template/faq.html.j2:383
1175msgid ""
1176"A: The owner of a private key can create a revocation message. This one "
1177"can then be flooded throughout the overlay network, creating a copy at "
1178"all peers. Before using a public key, peers check if that key has been "
1179"revoked. All names that involve delegation via a revoked zone will then "
1180"fail to resolve. Peers always automatically check for the existence of a "
1181"revocation message when resolving names."
1182msgstr ""
1183
1184#: template/faq.html.j2:395
1185msgid "Could the signing algorithm of GNS be upgraded in the future?"
1186msgstr ""
1187
1188#: template/faq.html.j2:397
1189msgid ""
1190"A: Yes. In our efforts to standardize GNS, we have already modified the "
1191"protocol to support alternative delegation records. <br> <br> Naturally, "
1192"deployed GNS implementations would have to be updated to support the new "
1193"signature scheme. The new scheme can then be run in parallel with the "
1194"existing system by using a new record type to indicate the use of a "
1195"different cipher system."
1196msgstr ""
1197
1198#: template/faq.html.j2:411
1199msgid "How can a GNS zone maintain several name servers, e.g. for load balancing?"
1200msgstr ""
1201
1202#: template/faq.html.j2:413
1203msgid ""
1204"A: We don't expect this to be necessary, as GNS records are stored (and "
1205"replicated) in the R5N DHT. Thus the authority will typically not be "
1206"contacted whenever clients perform a lookup. Even if the authority goes "
1207"(temporarily) off-line, the DHT will cache the records for some time. "
1208"However, should having multiple servers for a zone be considered truly "
1209"necessary, the owner of the zone can simply run multiple peers (and share"
1210" the zone's key and database among them)."
1211msgstr ""
1212
1213#: template/faq.html.j2:426
1214msgid ""
1215"Why do you believe it is worth giving up unique names for censorship "
1216"resistance?"
1217msgstr ""
1218
1219#: template/faq.html.j2:428
1220msgid ""
1221"A: The GNU Name system offers an alternative to DNS that is censorship "
1222"resistant. As with any security mechanism, this comes at a cost (names "
1223"are not globally unique). To draw a parallel, HTTPS connections use more "
1224"bandwidth and have higher latency than HTTP connections. Depending on "
1225"your application, HTTPS may not be worth the cost. However, for users "
1226"that are experiencing censorship (or are concerned about it), giving up "
1227"globally unique names may very well be worth the cost. After all, what is"
1228" a &quot;globally&quot; unique name worth, if it does not resolve?"
1229msgstr ""
1230
1231#: template/faq.html.j2:442
1232msgid "Why do you say that DNS is 'centralized' and 'distributed'?"
1233msgstr ""
1234
1235#: template/faq.html.j2:444
1236msgid ""
1237"A: We say that DNS is 'centralized' because it has a central component / "
1238"central point of failure --- the root zone and its management by "
1239"IANA/ICANN. This centralization creates vulnerabilities. For example, the"
1240" US government was able to reassign the management of the country-TLDs of"
1241" Afganistan and Iraq during the wars at the beginning of the 21st "
1242"century."
1243msgstr ""
1244
1245#: template/faq.html.j2:455
1246msgid "How does GNS protect against layer-3 censorship?"
1247msgstr ""
1248
1249#: template/faq.html.j2:457
1250msgid ""
1251"A: GNS does not directly help with layer-3 censorship, but it does help "
1252"indirectly in two ways: <ol> <li> Many websites today use virtual "
1253"hosting, so blocking a particular IP address causes much more collateral "
1254"damage than blocking a DNS name. It thus raises the cost of "
1255"censorship.</li> <li> Existing layer-3 circumvention solutions (such as "
1256"Tor) would benefit from a censorship resistant naming system. Accessing "
1257"Tor's &quot;.onion&quot; namespace currently requires users to use "
1258"unmemorable cryptographic identifiers. With nicer names, Tor and tor2web-"
1259"like services would be even easier to use. </ol>"
1260msgstr ""
1261
1262#: template/faq.html.j2:476
1263msgid "Does GNS work with search engines?"
1264msgstr ""
1265
1266#: template/faq.html.j2:478
1267msgid ""
1268"A: GNS creates no significant problems for search engines, as they can "
1269"use GNS to perform name resolution as well as any normal user. Naturally,"
1270" while we typically expect normal users to install custom software for "
1271"name resolution, this is unlikely to work for search engines today. "
1272"However, the DNS2GNS gateway allows search engines to use DNS to resolve "
1273"GNS names, so they can still index GNS resources. However, as using "
1274"DNS2GNS gateways breaks the cryptographic chain of trust, legacy search "
1275"engines will obviously not obtain censorship-resistant names."
1276msgstr ""
1277
1278#: template/faq.html.j2:492
1279msgid "How does GNS compare to the Unmanaged Internet Architecture (UIA)?"
1280msgstr ""
1281
1282#: template/faq.html.j2:494
1283msgid ""
1284"A: UIA and GNS both share the same basic naming model, which actually "
1285"originated with Rivest's SDSI. However, UIA is not concerned about "
1286"integration with legacy applications and instead focuses on universal "
1287"connectivity between a user's many machines. In contrast, GNS was "
1288"designed to interoperate with DNS as much as possible, and to also work "
1289"as much as possible with the existing Web infrastructure. UIA is not at "
1290"all concerned about legacy systems (clean slate)."
1291msgstr ""
1292
1293#: template/faq.html.j2:507
1294msgid "Doesn't GNS increase the trusted-computing base compared to DNS(SEC)?"
1295msgstr ""
1296
1297#: template/faq.html.j2:509
1298msgid ""
1299"A: First of all, in GNS you can explicitly see the trust chain, so you "
1300"know if a name you are resolving belongs to a friend, or a friend-"
1301"of-a-friend, and can thus decide how much you trust the result. "
1302"Naturally, the trusted-computing base (TCB) can become arbitrarily large "
1303"this way --- however, given the name length restriction, for an "
1304"individual name it is always less than about 128 entities."
1305msgstr ""
1306
1307#: template/faq.html.j2:521
1308msgid ""
1309"How does GNS handle SRV/TLSA records where service and protocol are part "
1310"of the domain name?"
1311msgstr ""
1312
1313#: template/faq.html.j2:523
1314msgid ""
1315"A: When GNS splits a domain name into labels for resolution, it detects "
1316"the &quot;_Service._Proto&quot; syntax, converts &quot;Service&quot; to "
1317"the corresponding port number and &quot;Proto&quot; to the corresponding "
1318"protocol number. The rest of the name is resolved as usual. Then, when "
1319"the result is presented, GNS looks for the GNS-specific &quot;BOX&quot; "
1320"record type. A BOX record is a record that contains another record (such "
1321"as SRV or TLSA records) and adds a service and protocol number (and the "
1322"original boxed record type) to it."
1323msgstr ""
1324
1325#: template/faq.html.j2:541
821msgid "" 1326msgid ""
822"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for " 1327"I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for "
823"Z&quot;. Should I worry?" 1328"Z&quot;. Should I worry?"
824msgstr "" 1329msgstr ""
825 1330
826#: template/faq.html.j2:37 1331#: template/faq.html.j2:543
827msgid "" 1332msgid ""
828"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in " 1333"A: Right now, this is expected and a known cause for high latency in "
829"GNUnet. We have started a major rewrite to address this and other " 1334"GNUnet. We have started a major rewrite to address this and other "
@@ -831,14 +1336,38 @@ msgid ""
831"warnings are expected." 1336"warnings are expected."
832msgstr "" 1337msgstr ""
833 1338
834#: template/faq.html.j2:46 1339#: template/faq.html.j2:552
835msgid "Is there a graphical user interface?" 1340msgid "Error opening `/dev/net/tun': No such file or directory?"
836msgstr "" 1341msgstr ""
837 1342
838#: template/faq.html.j2:48 1343#: template/faq.html.j2:554
839msgid "" 1344msgid ""
840"A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package contains various GTK+ " 1345"A: If you get this error message, the solution is simple. Issue the "
841"based graphical interfaces, including a graphical tool for configuration." 1346"following commands (as root) to create the required device file"
1347msgstr ""
1348
1349#: template/faq.html.j2:566
1350msgid ""
1351"'iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.' (when running gnunet-"
1352"service-dns)?"
1353msgstr ""
1354
1355#: template/faq.html.j2:568
1356msgid ""
1357"A: For GNUnet DNS, your iptables needs to have &quot;owner&quot; match "
1358"support. This is accomplished by having the correct kernel options. Check"
1359" if your kernel has CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_OWNER set to either 'y' or "
1360"'m' (and the module is loaded)."
1361msgstr ""
1362
1363#: template/faq.html.j2:580
1364msgid "'Timeout was reached' when running PT on Fedora (and possibly others)?"
1365msgstr ""
1366
1367#: template/faq.html.j2:582
1368msgid ""
1369"A: If you get an error stating that the VPN timeout was reached, check if"
1370" your firewall is enabled and blocking the connections."
842msgstr "" 1371msgstr ""
843 1372
844#: template/glossary.html.j2:12 1373#: template/glossary.html.j2:12
@@ -946,10 +1475,6 @@ msgstr ""
946msgid "Overview" 1475msgid "Overview"
947msgstr "" 1476msgstr ""
948 1477
949#: template/gns.html.j2:37
950msgid "Features"
951msgstr ""
952
953#: template/gns.html.j2:39 1478#: template/gns.html.j2:39
954msgid "" 1479msgid ""
955"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It " 1480"The GNU Name System (GNS) is secure and decentralized naming system. It "
diff --git a/template/faq.html.j2 b/template/faq.html.j2
index f23a9d7a..7ba8f849 100644
--- a/template/faq.html.j2
+++ b/template/faq.html.j2
@@ -3,11 +3,121 @@
3<div class="container-fluid"> 3<div class="container-fluid">
4 <div class="container text-center"> 4 <div class="container text-center">
5 <h1>FAQs<h1> 5 <h1>FAQs<h1>
6 <h2><i>This page is a work-in-progress</i></h2>
7 </div>
8 </div> 6 </div>
7</div>
9<div class="container"> 8<div class="container">
9 <div class="row">
10 <div class="col-2 d-none d-lg-block"><!-- for large viewports show menu for better orientation -->
11 <nav class="nav subnav position-fixed flex-column border-right" style="position:fixed">
12 <a class="nav-link" href="#general">{{ _("General") }}</a>
13 <a class="nav-link" href="#features">{{ _("Features") }}</a>
14 <a class="nav-link" href="#gns">GNU Name System</a>
15 <a class="nav-link" href="#errors">{{ _("Error messages") }}</a>
16 </nav>
17 </div>
18
19 <div class="col">
10 <article> 20 <article>
21 <h2><a name="general" class="subnav-anchor"></a>{{ _("General") }}</h2>
22 General questions about the project.
23 <section>
24 <h3>{{ _("What do I do if my question is not answered here?") }}</h3>
25 <p>
26 {% trans %}
27 A: There are many other sources of information. You can read additional
28 documentation or ask the question on the help-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list or
29 the #gnunet IRC on irc.freenode.net.
30 {% endtrans %}
31 </p>
32 </section>
33 <section>
34 <h3>{{ _("When are you going to release the next version?") }}</h3>
35 <p>
36 {% trans %}
37 A: The general answer is, when it is ready. A better answer may be: earlier
38 if you contribute (test, debug, code, document). Every release will be
39 anounced on the info-gnunet@gnu.org mailing list and on
40 <a href="https://planet.gnu.org">planet GNU</a>. You can subscribe to the
41 mailing list or the RSS feed of this site to automatically receive a
42 notification.
43 {% endtrans %}
44 </p>
45 </section>
46 <section>
47 <h3>{{ _("Is the code free?") }}</h3>
48 <p>
49 {% trans %}
50 A: GNUnet is free software, available under the
51 <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html">GNU Affero Public License (AGPL)</a>.
52 {% endtrans %}
53 </p>
54 </section>
55 <section>
56 <h3>{{ _("Are there any known bugs?") }}</h3>
57 <p>
58 {% trans %}
59 A: We track the list of currently known bugs in the
60 <a href="https://bugs.gnunet.org/">Mantis system</a>.
61
62Some bugs are occasionally reported directly to developers or the developer
63mailing list. This is discouraged since developers often do not have the time
64to feed these bugs back into the Mantis database. Please report bugs directly
65to the bug tracking system. If you believe a bug is sensitive, you can set its
66view status to private (this should be the exception).
67 {% endtrans %}
68 </p>
69 </section>
70 <section>
71 <h3>{{ _("Is there a graphical user interface?") }}</h3>
72 <p>
73 {% trans %}
74 A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package
75 contains various GTK+ based graphical interfaces, including a
76 graphical tool for configuration.
77 {% endtrans %}
78 </p>
79 </section>
80 <section>
81 <h3>{{ _("Why does gnunet-service-nse create a high CPU load?") }}</h3>
82 <p>
83 {% trans %}
84 A: The gnunet-service-nse process will initially compute a so-called
85 &quot;proof-of-work&quot; which is used to convince the network that your
86 peer is real (or, rather, make it expensive for an adversary to mount a Sybil
87 attack on the network size estimator). The calculation is expected to take a
88 few days, depending on how fast your CPU is. If the CPU load is creating a
89 problem for you, you can set the value &quot;WORKDELAY&quot; in the
90 &quot;nse&quot; section of
91 your configuration file to a higher value. The default is &quot;5 ms&quot;.
92 {% endtrans %}
93 </p>
94 </section>
95
96 <section>
97 <h3>{{ _("How does GNUnet compare to Tor?") }}</h3>
98 <p>
99 {% trans %}
100 A: Tor focuses on anonymous communication and censorship-resistance for TCP
101 connections and, with the Tor Browser Bundle, for the Web in particular.
102 GNUnet does not really have one focus; our theme is secure decentralized
103 networking, but that is too broad to be called a focus.
104 {% endtrans %}
105 </p>
106 </section>
107
108 <section>
109 <h3>{{ _("How does GNUnet compare to I2P?") }}</h3>
110 <p>
111 {% trans %}
112 A: Both GNUnet and I2P want to build a better, more secure, more decentralized
113 Internet. However, on the technical side, there are almost no overlaps.
114 <br><br>
115I2P is written in Java, and has (asymmetric) tunnels using onion (or garlic)
116routing as the basis for various (anonymized) applications. I2P is largely used
117via a Web frontend.
118 {% endtrans %}
119 </p>
120 </section>
11 <section> 121 <section>
12 <h3>{{ _("Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?") }}</h3> 122 <h3>{{ _("Is GNUnet ready for use on production systems?") }}</h3>
13 <p> 123 <p>
@@ -31,6 +141,402 @@
31 {% endtrans %} 141 {% endtrans %}
32 </p> 142 </p>
33 </section> 143 </section>
144
145
146 <h2><a name="features" class="subnav-anchor"></a>{{ _("Features") }}</h2>
147 <section>
148 <h3>{{ _("What can I do with GNUnet?") }}</h3>
149 <p>
150 {% trans %}
151 A: GNUnet is a peer-to-peer framework, by which we mostly mean that it can do
152 more than just one thing. Naturally, the implementation and documentation of
153 some of the features that exist are more advanced than others.
154 {% endtrans %}
155 </p>
156 <p>
157 {% trans %}
158 For users, GNUnet offers anonymous and non-anonymous file-sharing, a fully
159 decentralized and censorship-resistant replacement for DNS and a mechanism for
160 IPv4-IPv6 protocol translation and tunneling (NAT-PT with DNS-ALG).
161 {% endtrans %}
162 See also: <a href="{{ url_localized('applications.html') }}">Applications</a>.
163
164 </p>
165 </section>
166
167
168
169 <h2><a name="gns" class="subnav-anchor"></a>GNU Name System</h2>
170 <section>
171 <h3>{{ _("Who runs the GNS root zone?") }}</h3>
172 <p>
173 {% trans %}
174 A: Short answer: you. The long answer is the GNUnet will ship with a
175 default configuration of top-level domains. The governance of this default
176 configuration is not yet established. In any case, the user will be able
177 to modify this configuration at will. We expect normal users to have
178 no need to edit their own GNS zone(s) unless they host services themselves.
179 {% endtrans %}
180 </p>
181 </section>
182
183 <section>
184 <h3>{{ _("Where is the per-user GNS database kept?") }}</h3>
185 <p>
186 {% trans %}
187 A: The short answer is that the database is kept at the user's GNUnet peer.
188 Now, a user may run multiple GNUnet peers, in which case the database could be
189 kept at each peer (however, we don't have code for convenient replication).
190 Similarly, multiple GNUnet peers can share one instance of the database ---
191 the &quot;gnunet-service-namestore&quot; can be accessed from remote
192 (via TCP). The actual data can be stored in a Postgres database, for which
193 various replication options are again applicable. Ultimately, there are many
194 options for how users can store (and secure) their GNS database.
195 {% endtrans %}
196 </p>
197 </section>
198
199
200 <section>
201 <h3>{{ _("What is the expected average size of a GNS namestore database?") }}</h3>
202 <p>
203 {% trans %}
204 A: Pretty small. Based on our user study where we looked at browser histories
205 and the number of domains visited, we expect that GNS databases will only
206 grow to a few tens of thousands of entries, small enough to fit even on mobile
207 devices.
208 {% endtrans %}
209 </p>
210 </section>
211
212 <section>
213 <h3>{{ _("Is GNS resistant to the attacks on DNS used by the US?") }}</h3>
214 <p>
215 {% trans %}
216 A: We believe so, as there is no entity that any government could force to
217 change the mapping for a name except for each individual user (and then the
218 changes would only apply to the names that this user is the authority for).
219 So if everyone used GNS, the only practical attack of a government would be to
220 force the operator of a server to change the GNS records for his server to
221 point elsewhere. However, if the owner of the private key for a zone is
222 unavailable for enforcement, the respective zone cannot be changed and any
223 other zone delegating to this zone will achieve proper resolution.
224 {% endtrans %}
225 </p>
226 </section>
227
228 <section>
229 <h3>{{ _("What is the difference between GNS and CoDoNS?") }}</h3>
230 <p>
231 {% trans %}
232 A: CoDoNS decentralizes the DNS database (using a DHT) but preserves the
233 authority structure of DNS. With CoDoNS, IANA/ICANN are still in charge, and
234 there are still registrars that determine who owns a name.
235 <br><br>
236 With GNS, we decentralize the database and also decentralize the
237 responsibility for naming: each user runs his own personal root zone and is
238 thus in complete control of the names he uses. GNS also has many additional
239 features (to keep names short and enable migration) which don't even make
240 sense in the context of CoDoNS.
241
242 {% endtrans %}
243 </p>
244 </section>
245
246 <section>
247 <h3>{{ _("What is the difference between GNS and SocialDNS?") }}</h3>
248 <p>
249 {% trans %}
250 A: Like GNS, SocialDNS allows each user to create DNS mappings. However, with
251 SocialDNS the mappings are shared through the social network and subjected to
252 ranking. As the social relationships evolve, names can thus change in
253 surprising ways.
254 <br><br>
255 With GNS, names are primarily shared via delegation, and thus mappings will
256 only change if the user responsible for the name (the authority) manually
257 changes the record.
258 {% endtrans %}
259 </p>
260 </section>
261
262 <section>
263 <h3>{{ _("What is the difference between GNS and ODDNS?") }}</h3>
264 <p>
265 {% trans %}
266 A: ODDNS is primarily designed to bypass the DNS root zone and the TLD
267 registries (such as those for ".com" and ".org"). Instead of using those,
268 each user is expected to maintain a database of (second-level) domains
269 (like "gnu.org") and the IP addresses of the respective name servers.
270 Resolution will fail if the target name servers change IPs.
271 {% endtrans %}
272 </p>
273 </section>
274
275 <section>
276 <h3>{{ _("What is the difference between GNS and Namecoin?") }}</h3>
277 <p>
278 </p>
279 </section>
280
281
282 <section>
283 <h3>{{ _("What is the difference between GNS and Handshake?") }}</h3>
284 <p>
285 </p>
286 </section>
287
288 <section>
289 <h3>{{ _("What is the difference between GNS and ENS?") }}</h3>
290 <p>
291 </p>
292 </section>
293
294 <section>
295 <h3>{{ _("What is the difference between GNS and TrickleDNS?") }}</h3>
296 <p>
297 {% trans %}
298 A: TrickleDNS pushes (&quot;critical&quot;) DNS records between DNS resolvers
299 of participating domains to provide &quot;better availability, lower query
300 resolution times, and faster update propagation&quot;. Thus TrickleDNS is
301 focused on defeating attacks on the availability (and performance) of record
302 propagation in DNS, for example via DDoS attacks on DNS root servers.
303 TrickleDNS is thus concerned with how to ensure distribution of authoritative
304 records, and authority remains derived from the DNS hierarchy.
305 {% endtrans %}
306 </p>
307 </section>
308
309 <section>
310 <h3>{{ _("Does GNS require real-world introduction (secure PKEY exchange) in the style of the PGP web of trust?") }}</h3>
311 <p>
312 {% trans %}
313 A: For security, it is well known that an initial trust path between the two
314 parties must exist. However, for applications where this is not required,
315 weaker mechanisms can be used. For example, we have implemented a
316 first-come-first-served (FCFS) authority which allows arbitrary users to
317 register arbitrary names. The key of this authority is included with every
318 GNUnet installation. Thus, any name registered with FCFS is in fact global and
319 requires no further introduction. However, the security of these names
320 depends entirely on the trustworthiness of the FCFS authority.
321 The authority can be queried under the &quot;.pin&quot; TLD.
322 {% endtrans %}
323 </p>
324 </section>
325
326 <section>
327 <h3>{{ _("How can a legitimate domain owner tell other people to not use his name in GNS?") }}</h3>
328 <p>
329 {% trans %}
330 A: Names have no owners in GNS, so there cannot be a &quot;legitimate&quot;
331 domain owner. Any user can claim any name (as his preferred name or
332 &quot;pseudonym&quot;) in his NICK record. Similarly, all other users can
333 choose to ignore this preference and use a name of their choice (or even
334 assign no name) for this user.
335 {% endtrans %}
336 </p>
337 </section>
338
339 <section>
340 <h3>{{ _("Did you consider the privacy implications of making your personal GNS zone visible?") }}</h3>
341 <p>
342 {% trans %}
343 A: Each record in GNS has a flag &quot;private&quot;. Records are shared with
344 other users (via DHT or zone transfers) only if this flag is not set.
345 Thus, users have full control over what information about their zones is made
346 public.
347 {% endtrans %}
348 </p>
349 </section>
350
351 <section>
352 <h3>{{ _("Are \"Legacy Host\" (LEHO) records not going to be obsolete with IPv6?") }}</h3>
353 <p>
354 {% trans %}
355 A: The question presumes that (a) virtual hosting is only necessary because of
356 IPv4 address scarcity, and (b) that LEHOs are only useful in the context of
357 virtual hosting. However, LEHOs are also useful to help with X.509 certificate
358 validation (as they specify for which legacy hostname the certificate should
359 be valid). Also, even with IPv6 fully deployed and &quot;infinite&quot; IP
360 addresses being available, we're not sure that virtual hosting would
361 disappear. Finally, we don't want to have to wait for IPv6 to become
362 commonplace, GNS should work with today's networks.
363 {% endtrans %}
364 </p>
365 </section>
366
367 <section>
368 <h3>{{ _("Why does GNS not use a trust metric or consensus to determine globally unique names?") }}</h3>
369 <p>
370 {% trans %}
371 A: Trust metrics have the fundamental problem that they have thresholds.
372 As trust relationships evolve, mappings would change their meaning as they
373 cross each others thresholds. We decided that the resulting unpredictability
374 of the resolution process was not acceptable. Furthermore, trust and consensus
375 might be easy to manipulate by adversaries.
376 {% endtrans %}
377 </p>
378 </section>
379
380 <section>
381 <h3>{{ _("How do you handle compromised zone keys in GNS?") }}</h3>
382 <p>
383 {% trans %}
384 A: The owner of a private key can create a revocation message. This one can
385 then be flooded throughout the overlay network, creating a copy at all peers.
386 Before using a public key, peers check if that key has been revoked.
387 All names that involve delegation via a revoked zone will then fail to
388 resolve. Peers always automatically check for the existence of a revocation
389 message when resolving names.
390 {% endtrans %}
391 </p>
392 </section>
393
394 <section>
395 <h3>{{ _("Could the signing algorithm of GNS be upgraded in the future?") }}</h3>
396 <p>
397 {% trans %}
398 A: Yes. In our efforts to standardize GNS, we have already modified the protocol
399 to support alternative delegation records.
400 <br>
401 <br>
402 Naturally, deployed GNS implementations would have to be updated to support
403 the new signature scheme. The new scheme can then be run in parallel with
404 the existing system by using a new record type to indicate the use of a
405 different cipher system.
406 {% endtrans %}
407 </p>
408 </section>
409
410 <section>
411 <h3>{{ _("How can a GNS zone maintain several name servers, e.g. for load balancing?") }}</h3>
412 <p>
413 {% trans %}
414 A: We don't expect this to be necessary, as GNS records are stored (and
415 replicated) in the R5N DHT. Thus the authority will typically not be contacted
416 whenever clients perform a lookup. Even if the authority goes (temporarily)
417 off-line, the DHT will cache the records for some time. However, should having
418 multiple servers for a zone be considered truly necessary, the owner of the
419 zone can simply run multiple peers (and share the zone's key and database
420 among them).
421 {% endtrans %}
422 </p>
423 </section>
424
425 <section>
426 <h3>{{ _("Why do you believe it is worth giving up unique names for censorship resistance?") }}</h3>
427 <p>
428 {% trans %}
429 A: The GNU Name system offers an alternative to DNS that is censorship
430 resistant. As with any security mechanism, this comes at a cost (names are not
431 globally unique). To draw a parallel, HTTPS connections use more bandwidth and
432 have higher latency than HTTP connections. Depending on your application,
433 HTTPS may not be worth the cost. However, for users that are experiencing
434 censorship (or are concerned about it), giving up globally unique names may
435 very well be worth the cost. After all, what is a &quot;globally&quot; unique
436 name worth, if it does not resolve?
437 {% endtrans %}
438 </p>
439 </section>
440
441 <section>
442 <h3>{{ _("Why do you say that DNS is 'centralized' and 'distributed'?") }}</h3>
443 <p>
444 {% trans %}
445 A: We say that DNS is 'centralized' because it has a central component /
446 central point of failure --- the root zone and its management by IANA/ICANN.
447 This centralization creates vulnerabilities. For example, the US government
448 was able to reassign the management of the country-TLDs of Afganistan and Iraq
449 during the wars at the beginning of the 21st century.
450 {% endtrans %}
451 </p>
452 </section>
453
454 <section>
455 <h3>{{ _("How does GNS protect against layer-3 censorship?") }}</h3>
456 <p>
457 {% trans %}
458 A: GNS does not directly help with layer-3 censorship, but it does help
459 indirectly in two ways:
460
461 <ol>
462 <li> Many websites today use virtual hosting, so blocking a particular IP
463 address causes much more collateral damage than blocking a DNS name.
464 It thus raises the cost of censorship.</li>
465 <li> Existing layer-3 circumvention solutions (such as Tor) would benefit from
466 a censorship resistant naming system. Accessing Tor's &quot;.onion&quot;
467 namespace currently requires users to use unmemorable cryptographic
468 identifiers. With nicer names, Tor and tor2web-like services would be even
469 easier to use.
470 </ol>
471 {% endtrans %}
472 </p>
473 </section>
474
475 <section>
476 <h3>{{ _("Does GNS work with search engines?") }}</h3>
477 <p>
478 {% trans %}
479 A: GNS creates no significant problems for search engines, as they can use GNS
480 to perform name resolution as well as any normal user. Naturally, while we
481 typically expect normal users to install custom software for name resolution,
482 this is unlikely to work for search engines today. However, the DNS2GNS
483 gateway allows search engines to use DNS to resolve GNS names, so they can
484 still index GNS resources. However, as using DNS2GNS gateways breaks the
485 cryptographic chain of trust, legacy search engines will obviously not obtain
486 censorship-resistant names.
487 {% endtrans %}
488 </p>
489 </section>
490
491 <section>
492 <h3>{{ _("How does GNS compare to the Unmanaged Internet Architecture (UIA)?") }}</h3>
493 <p>
494 {% trans %}
495 A: UIA and GNS both share the same basic naming model, which actually
496 originated with Rivest's SDSI. However, UIA is not concerned about integration
497 with legacy applications and instead focuses on universal connectivity between
498 a user's many machines. In contrast, GNS was designed to interoperate with DNS
499 as much as possible, and to also work as much as possible with the existing
500 Web infrastructure. UIA is not at all concerned about legacy systems (clean
501 slate).
502 {% endtrans %}
503 </p>
504 </section>
505
506 <section>
507 <h3>{{ _("Doesn't GNS increase the trusted-computing base compared to DNS(SEC)?") }}</h3>
508 <p>
509 {% trans %}
510 A: First of all, in GNS you can explicitly see the trust chain, so you know if
511 a name you are resolving belongs to a friend, or a friend-of-a-friend, and can
512 thus decide how much you trust the result. Naturally, the trusted-computing
513 base (TCB) can become arbitrarily large this way --- however, given the name
514 length restriction, for an individual name it is always less than about 128
515 entities.
516 {% endtrans %}
517 </p>
518 </section>
519
520 <section>
521 <h3>{{ _("How does GNS handle SRV/TLSA records where service and protocol are part of the domain name?") }}</h3>
522 <p>
523 {% trans %}
524 A: When GNS splits a domain name into labels for resolution, it detects the
525 &quot;_Service._Proto&quot; syntax, converts &quot;Service&quot; to the
526 corresponding port number and &quot;Proto&quot; to the corresponding protocol
527 number. The rest of the name is resolved as usual. Then, when the result is
528 presented, GNS looks for the GNS-specific &quot;BOX&quot; record type.
529 A BOX record is a record that contains another record (such as SRV or TLSA
530 records) and adds a service and protocol number (and the original boxed record
531 type) to it.
532 {% endtrans %}
533 </p>
534 </section>
535
536
537
538
539 <h2><a name="errors" class="subnav-anchor"></a>{{ _("Error messages") }}</h2>
34 <section> 540 <section>
35 <h3>{{ _("I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. Should I worry?") }}</h3> 541 <h3>{{ _("I receive many &quot;WARNING Calculated flow delay for X at Y for Z&quot;. Should I worry?") }}</h3>
36 <p> 542 <p>
@@ -42,17 +548,50 @@
42 {% endtrans %} 548 {% endtrans %}
43 </p> 549 </p>
44 </section> 550 </section>
45 <section> 551 <section>
46 <h3>{{ _("Is there a graphical user interface?") }}</h3> 552 <h3>{{ _("Error opening `/dev/net/tun': No such file or directory?") }}</h3>
47 <p> 553 <p>
48 {% trans %} 554 {% trans %}
49 A: gnunet-gtk is a separate download. The package 555 A: If you get this error message, the solution is simple. Issue the following
50 contains various GTK+ based graphical interfaces, including a 556 commands (as root) to create the required device file
51 graphical tool for configuration. 557 {% endtrans %}
558 <code class="block">
559 # mkdir /dev/net<br>
560 # mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200<br>
561 </code>
562 </p>
563 </section>
564
565 <section>
566 <h3>{{ _("'iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.' (when running gnunet-service-dns)?") }}</h3>
567 <p>
568 {% trans %}
569 A: For GNUnet DNS, your iptables needs to have &quot;owner&quot; match
570 support.
571
572 This is accomplished by having the correct kernel options. Check if your
573 kernel has CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_OWNER set to either 'y' or 'm' (and the
574 module is loaded).
575 {% endtrans %}
576 </p>
577 </section>
578
579 <section>
580 <h3>{{ _("'Timeout was reached' when running PT on Fedora (and possibly others)?") }}</h3>
581 <p>
582 {% trans %}
583 A: If you get an error stating that the VPN timeout was reached, check if your
584 firewall is enabled and blocking the connections.
52 {% endtrans %} 585 {% endtrans %}
53 </p> 586 </p>
54 </section> 587 </section>
588
589
55 </article> 590 </article>
591 </div> <!-- col -->
592</div> <!-- row-->
593
594
56<!-- 595<!--
57<h2>{{ ("Q?") }}</h2> 596<h2>{{ ("Q?") }}</h2>
58 597