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184 <p lang="en">We have <a href="http://www.buildbot.org/">Buildbot</a> automation tests 184 <p lang="en">We have <a href="http://www.buildbot.org/">Buildbot</a> automation tests
185 to detect regressions and check for portability at 185 to detect regressions and check for portability at
186 <a href="http://buildbot.taler.net/">buildbot.taler.net</a>.</p> 186 <a href="http://buildbot.taler.net/">buildbot.taler.net</a>.</p>
187 <p lang="de" note="outdated"></p> 187 <p lang="de">Wir automatisieren Tests mit Hilfe von <a href="http://www.buildbot.org/">Buildbot</a>
188 um Regressionen zu finden und den Code auf Portabilit&auml;t zu testen. Die Ergebnisse sind unter
189 <a href="http://buildbot.taler.net/">buildbot.taler.net</a> zu finden.
190 </p>
188 <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p> 191 <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p>
189 <p lang="it">E' disponibile un <a href="http://www.buildbot.org/">Buildbot</a> 192 <p lang="it">E' disponibile un <a href="http://www.buildbot.org/">Buildbot</a>
190 dedicato a test automatici per individuare regressioni e controllare la portabilità, alla 193 dedicato a test automatici per individuare regressioni e controllare la portabilità, alla
@@ -192,13 +195,15 @@
192 </div> 195 </div>
193 <div class="col-lg-4" note="not yet operational"> 196 <div class="col-lg-4" note="not yet operational">
194 <h2 lang="en">Code Coverage Analysis</h2> 197 <h2 lang="en">Code Coverage Analysis</h2>
195 <h2 lang="de" note="outdated"></h2> 198 <h2 lang="de">Testabdeckungsanalyse</h2>
196 <h2 lang="fr" note="outdated"></h2> 199 <h2 lang="fr" note="outdated"></h2>
197 <h2 lang="it">Analisi della copertura del codice</h2> 200 <h2 lang="it">Analisi della copertura del codice</h2>
198 <p lang="en">We use <a href="http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php">LCOV</a> to 201 <p lang="en">We use <a href="http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php">LCOV</a> to
199 analyze the code coverage of our tests, the results are available 202 analyze the code coverage of our tests, the results are available
200 at <a href="http://lcov.taler.net/">lcov.taler.net</a>.</p> 203 at <a href="http://lcov.taler.net/">lcov.taler.net</a>.</p>
201 <p lang="de" note="outdated"></p> 204 <p lang="de" note="outdated">Wir benutzen <a href="http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php">LCOV</a> um
205 die Abdeckung unseres Codes durch unsere Tests zu verstehen. Die Ergebnisse sind unter
206 <a href="http://lcov.taler.net/">lcov.taler.net</a> zu finden.</p>
202 <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p> 207 <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p>
203 <p lang="it">I test effettuati sul software Taler subiscono la misurazione della loro "copertura" 208 <p lang="it">I test effettuati sul software Taler subiscono la misurazione della loro "copertura"
204 da <a href="http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php">LCOV</a>; inoltre, tali risultati sono 209 da <a href="http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php">LCOV</a>; inoltre, tali risultati sono
@@ -206,13 +211,15 @@
206 </div> 211 </div>
207 <div class="col-lg-4"> 212 <div class="col-lg-4">
208 <h2 lang="en">Performance Analysis</h2> 213 <h2 lang="en">Performance Analysis</h2>
209 <h2 lang="de" note="outdated"></h2> 214 <h2 lang="de">Performanzanalyse</h2>
210 <h2 lang="fr" note="outdated"></h2> 215 <h2 lang="fr" note="outdated"></h2>
211 <h2 lang="it">Analisi delle prestazioni</h2> 216 <h2 lang="it">Analisi delle prestazioni</h2>
212 <p lang="en">We use <a href="http://gnunet.org/gauger">Gauger</a> for performance 217 <p lang="en">We use <a href="http://gnunet.org/gauger">Gauger</a> for performance
213 regression analysis of the Mint backend 218 regression analysis of the Mint backend
214 at <a href="http://gauger.taler.net/">gauger.taler.net</a>.</p> 219 at <a href="http://gauger.taler.net/">gauger.taler.net</a>.</p>
215 <p lang="de" note="outdated"></p> 220 <p lang="de">Wir benutzen <a href="http://gnunet.org/gauger">Gauger</a> um
221 Performanzprobleme der Datenbankbackends der M&uuml;zanstalt zu verstehen. Die
222 Ergebnisse sind unter <a href="http://gauger.taler.net/">gauger.taler.net</a>.</p>
216 <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p> 223 <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p>
217 <p lang="it">Le prestazioni della zecca (Mint) sono misurate attraverso 224 <p lang="it">Le prestazioni della zecca (Mint) sono misurate attraverso
218 <a href="http://gnunet.org/gauger">Gauger</a>, e i risultati disponibili alla pagina 225 <a href="http://gnunet.org/gauger">Gauger</a>, e i risultati disponibili alla pagina
@@ -225,13 +232,17 @@
225 <h2 lang="de">Das Taler-System im &Uuml;berblick</h1> 232 <h2 lang="de">Das Taler-System im &Uuml;berblick</h1>
226 <h2 lang="fr" note="outdated"></h2> 233 <h2 lang="fr" note="outdated"></h2>
227 <h2 lang="it">Schema generale del sistema Taler</h2> 234 <h2 lang="it">Schema generale del sistema Taler</h2>
228 <p lang="en">The Taler system consists of protocols and free software 235 <p lang="en">The Taler system consists of protocols executed among a number of actors
229 implementations between a number of actors as illustrated in the 236 with the help of <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software</a> as illustrated in the
230 illustration on the right. Typical transactions involve the following steps: 237 illustration on the right. Typical transactions involve the following steps:
231 </p> 238 </p>
232 <p lang="de" note="outdated"></p> 239 <p lang="de">Das Taler System besteht aus Protokollen die
240 von verschiedenen Teilnehmern unter Verwendung von
241 <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Freier Software</a> ausgef&uuml;hrt werden.
242 Die Illustration auf der rechten Seite veranschaulicht die folgenden f&uuml;r die
243 Durchf&uuml;hrung einer Transaktion typischen Schritte:</p>
233 <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p> 244 <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p>
234 <p lang="it">Taler usa software libero per realizzare i protocolli finalizzati alla 245 <p lang="it">Taler usa <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">software libero</a> per realizzare i protocolli finalizzati alla
235 comunicazione tra i vari partecipanti come illustrato nella figura a destra. 246 comunicazione tra i vari partecipanti come illustrato nella figura a destra.
236 La tipica transazione nel modello Taler si compone dei seguenti passaggi:</p> 247 La tipica transazione nel modello Taler si compone dei seguenti passaggi:</p>
237 <p> 248 <p>
@@ -242,7 +253,11 @@
242 the transaction, he includes an authentication token from his 253 the transaction, he includes an authentication token from his
243 electronic <b>wallet</b>. In Taler terminology, the customer 254 electronic <b>wallet</b>. In Taler terminology, the customer
244 creates a reserve at the mint.</li> 255 creates a reserve at the mint.</li>
245 <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> 256 <li lang="de">Ein Kunde weist seine <b>Bank</b> an,
257 Gelder aus seinem Konto an die Taler M&uuml;nzanstalt zu &uuml;bertragen (oben links).
258 Im Betreff gibt er ein von seiner elektronischen <b>Geldb&ouml;rse</b>
259 erzeugtes Authentifizierungstoken an. In der Terminologie von
260 Taler sagen wir, der Kunde legt eine Reserve bei der M&uuml;nzanstalt an.</li>
246 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> 261 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li>
247 <li lang="it">Un cliente chiede alla sua <b>banca</b> di trasferire 262 <li lang="it">Un cliente chiede alla sua <b>banca</b> di trasferire
248 fondi dal suo conto a quello della zecca Taler (in alto a destra). 263 fondi dal suo conto a quello della zecca Taler (in alto a destra).
@@ -253,13 +268,23 @@
253 <li lang="en">Once the mint has received the transfer, it allows the 268 <li lang="en">Once the mint has received the transfer, it allows the
254 customer's electronic wallet to <b>withdraw</b> electronic coins. 269 customer's electronic wallet to <b>withdraw</b> electronic coins.
255 The electronic coins are digital representations of the original 270 The electronic coins are digital representations of the original
256 transfer. It is important to note that the mint does not learn 271 currency from the transfer. It is important to note that the mint does not learn
257 the "serial numbers" of the coins in this process, so it cannot 272 the "serial numbers" of the coins created in this process, so it cannot
258 tell later which customer purchased what at which merchant. 273 tell later which customer purchased what at which merchant.
259 The use of Taler does not change the currency or the 274 The use of Taler does not change the currency or the
260 total value of the funds (except for fees which the mint may 275 total value of the funds (except for fees which the mint may
261 charge for the service).</li> 276 charge for the service).</li>
262 <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> 277 <li lang="de" note="outdated">Sobald die M&uuml;nzanstalt den Transfer
278 bekommen hat, erlaubt es der elektronischen Geldb&ouml;rse das
279 <b>abheben</b> elektronischer M&uuml;nzen. Diese elektronischen
280 M&uuml;nzen sind digitale R&auml;presentationen der urspr&uuml;nglichen
281 W&auml;hrung der &Uuml;berweisung. Hierbei ist es wichtig, dass die
282 M&uuml;nzanstalt nicht die "Seriennummern" der bei diesem Prozess erzeugten
283 M&uuml;nzen lernt. Somit kann die M&uuml;nzanstalt sp&auml;ter nicht
284 feststellen, welcher Kunde bei welchem H&auml;nlder was einkauft.
285 Die Benutzung von Taler &auml;ndert weder die W&auml;hrung noch
286 den Gesamtwert (ausgenommen nat&uuml;rlich die Geb&uum;hren,
287 die die M&uuml;nzanstalt f&uuml;r ihre Dienste verlangen k&ouml;nnte).</li>
263 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> 288 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li>
264 <li lang="it">In seguito alla ricezione del trasferimento da parte della 289 <li lang="it">In seguito alla ricezione del trasferimento da parte della
265 zecca, il cliente potrà <b>ritirare</b> i suoi gettoni elettronici. 290 zecca, il cliente potrà <b>ritirare</b> i suoi gettoni elettronici.
@@ -275,8 +300,8 @@
275 portals that support the Taler 300 portals that support the Taler
276 payment system and accept the respective mint as a business 301 payment system and accept the respective mint as a business
277 partner (bottom arrow). This creates a digital contract signed 302 partner (bottom arrow). This creates a digital contract signed
278 by the customer's coins and the merchant. Assuming courts accept 303 by the customer's coins and the merchant.
279 cryptographic signatures, the customer can later use this digitally 304 If necessary, the customer can later use this digitally
280 signed contract in a court of law to prove the exact terms of 305 signed contract in a court of law to prove the exact terms of
281 the contract and that he paid the respective amount. The customer 306 the contract and that he paid the respective amount. The customer
282 does not learn the banking details of the merchant, and Taler 307 does not learn the banking details of the merchant, and Taler
@@ -284,7 +309,19 @@
284 customer. Naturally, the customer can spend any fraction of his 309 customer. Naturally, the customer can spend any fraction of his
285 digital coins (the system takes care of customers getting 310 digital coins (the system takes care of customers getting
286 change).</li> 311 change).</li>
287 <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> 312 <li lang="de">Sobald der Kunde digitale M&uuml;nzen in seiner
313 elektronischen Geldb&ouml;rse hat, kann er diese bei H&auml;ndlern
314 die Taler unterst&uuml;tzen und die entsprechende M&uuml;nzanstalt
315 akzeptieren <b>ausgeben</b>. Dabei wird ein Vertrag cryptographisch
316 signiert durch die M&uuml;nzen des Kunden und den Schl&uuml;ssel des
317 H&auml;ndlers. Falls notwendig, kann der Kunde kann diesen Vertrag
318 sp&auml;ter vor Gericht vorlegen als Beweis f&uuml;r den
319 unterzeichneten Vertrag und die Zahlung des Betrages. Der Kunde
320 lernt hierbei nicht die Kontoinformationen des H&auml;ndlers,
321 und Taler verlangt vom H&auml;ndler nicht, dass er die Identit&auml;t
322 des Kunden bestimmt. Nat&uuml;rlich kann der Kunde auch
323 Bruchteile seines Barbestandes ausgeben (das System sorgt ggf.
324 daf&uuml;r das der Kunde wenn n&ouml;tig Wechselgelt erh&auml;lt).</li>
288 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> 325 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li>
289 <li lang="it">Con i gettoni elettronici nel portafogli, il cliente 326 <li lang="it">Con i gettoni elettronici nel portafogli, il cliente
290 può <b>spendere</b> presso tutti i venditori che accettano Taler tra 327 può <b>spendere</b> presso tutti i venditori che accettano Taler tra
@@ -299,7 +336,7 @@
299 estremi bancari del negoziante e, allo stesso modo, Taler non richiede che il 336 estremi bancari del negoziante e, allo stesso modo, Taler non richiede che il
300 negoziante debba conoscere l'identità del cliente. Naturalmente, il cliente 337 negoziante debba conoscere l'identità del cliente. Naturalmente, il cliente
301 può anche spendere una frazione di uno dei suoi gettoni, grazie alla facoltà 338 può anche spendere una frazione di uno dei suoi gettoni, grazie alla facoltà
302 che Taler ha di restituire il cambio. 339 che Taler ha di restituire il cambio.
303 </li> 340 </li>
304 <li lang="en">Merchants receiving digital coins <b>deposit</b> 341 <li lang="en">Merchants receiving digital coins <b>deposit</b>
305 the respective receipts that resulted from the contract signing 342 the respective receipts that resulted from the contract signing
@@ -314,7 +351,21 @@
314 customer. Thus, the mint's database allows the state to enforce 351 customer. Thus, the mint's database allows the state to enforce
315 that merchants pay applicable taxes (and do not engage in 352 that merchants pay applicable taxes (and do not engage in
316 illegal contracts).</li> 353 illegal contracts).</li>
317 <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> 354 <li lang="de" note="outdated">H&auml;ndler die digitale M&uuml;nzen
355 erhalten <b>deponieren</b> die Belege aus dem Vertragsabschluss
356 bei der M&uuml;nzanstalt um den Gegenwert zu erhalten. Beim
357 Deponieren werden weder die Vertragsdetails zwischen Kunde und
358 H&auml;ndler noch die Identit&auml;lt des Kunden der
359 M&uuml;nzanstalt bekannt. Die M&uuml;nzanstalt lernt jedoch
360 die Identit&auml;t des H&auml;ndlers da dieser seine
361 Kontoinformationen im Klartext zur Verf&uuml;gung stellen muss.
362 Falls der Staat es sp&auml;ter verlangt, kann der H&auml;ndler
363 beweisen, welcher Vertrag dem Depotvorgang zugrundelag, z.B.
364 damit der Staat die richtige Steuerkategorie bestimmen kann.
365 Somit erlaubten es die Informationen der M&uuml;nzanstalt dem
366 Staat H&auml;ndler zum abf&uuml;hren von Steuern zu zwingen
367 (und kriminelle Vertr&auml;ge entsprechend zu ahnden).
368 </li>
318 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> 369 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li>
319 <li lang="it">Contemporaneamente alla firma dei 370 <li lang="it">Contemporaneamente alla firma dei
320 contratti viene creata una ricevuta che il negoziante può <b>depositare</b> 371 contratti viene creata una ricevuta che il negoziante può <b>depositare</b>
@@ -331,7 +382,13 @@
331 The merchant can query the mint 382 The merchant can query the mint
332 about the relationship between the bank transfers and the 383 about the relationship between the bank transfers and the
333 individual claims that were deposited.</li> 384 individual claims that were deposited.</li>
334 <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> 385 <li lang="de">Abschlie&szlig;end &uuml;berweist die M&uuml;nzanstalt
386 dem H&auml;ndler den entsprechenden Betrag auf sein <b>Bankkonto</b>.
387 Die M&uuml;nzanstalt k&ouml;nnte dabei mehrere kleine Transaktionen
388 zu einem g&ouml;&szlig;erem Transfer zusammenfassen. Der H&auml;ndler
389 kann in diesem Fall bei der M&uuml;nzanstalt nachfragen, um Informationen
390 zur Relation der Transfers und den dazugeh&ouml;rigen Depotvorg&auml;ngen
391 zu erhalten.</li>
335 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> 392 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li>
336 <li lang="it">Infine, la zecca trascferirà fondi della stessa cifra dei 393 <li lang="it">Infine, la zecca trascferirà fondi della stessa cifra dei
337 gettoni riscattati dal negoziate verso il conto in <b>banca</b> di quest' 394 gettoni riscattati dal negoziate verso il conto in <b>banca</b> di quest'
@@ -346,7 +403,13 @@
346 body, to frequently verify the mint's databases and check that 403 body, to frequently verify the mint's databases and check that
347 its bank balance matches the total value of the remaining coins 404 its bank balance matches the total value of the remaining coins
348 in circulation.</li> 405 in circulation.</li>
349 <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> 406 <li lang="de">Die M&uuml;nzanstalt speichert
407 kryptographische Beweise die es ihr erlauben, gegen&uuml;ber
408 Dritten zu beweisen, dass Sie korrekt gearbeitet hat. Es
409 wird erwartet, dass die M&uuml;nzanstalt gegen&uuml;ber der
410 Finanzaufsicht nachweisen muss, dass sie gen&uuml;gend
411 R&uuml;cklagen zur Deckung aller noch ausstehenden M&uuml;nzen
412 besitzt.</li>
350 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> 413 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li>
351 <li lang="it">E' importante notare che la zecca mantiene 414 <li lang="it">E' importante notare che la zecca mantiene
352 prove crittografiche che le permettono di dimostrare la sua buona fede 415 prove crittografiche che le permettono di dimostrare la sua buona fede
@@ -360,7 +423,12 @@
360 are compromised, the financial damage is limited to the 423 are compromised, the financial damage is limited to the
361 respective party and proportional to the funds they 424 respective party and proportional to the funds they
362 have in circulation during the period of the compromise.</li> 425 have in circulation during the period of the compromise.</li>
363 <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> 426 <li lang="de">Ohne die Finanzaufsicht w&auml;re es
427 dem Betreiber der M&uuml;nzerei m&ouml;glich, Gelder aus
428 der Reserve zu entwenden. Wenn die Computer von einem der
429 Teilnehmer kompromitiert werden, hat immer nur der kompromitierte
430 Teilnehmer den finanziellen Schaden. Dieser ist weiterhin
431 begrenzt auf den Gesamtumsatz mit Taler im fraglichen Zeitraum.</li>
364 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> 432 <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li>
365 <li lang="it">L'assenza di taler ispettore metterebbe i gestori della zecca 433 <li lang="it">L'assenza di taler ispettore metterebbe i gestori della zecca
366 nelle condizioni di appropriarsi del denaro presente nelle sue riserve. 434 nelle condizioni di appropriarsi del denaro presente nelle sue riserve.