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@@ -202,6 +202,11 @@ | |||
202 | <p lang="en">The Taler system consists of protocols and free software | 202 | <p lang="en">The Taler system consists of protocols and free software |
203 | implementations between a number of actors as illustrated in the | 203 | implementations between a number of actors as illustrated in the |
204 | illustration on the right. Typical transactions involve the following steps: | 204 | illustration on the right. Typical transactions involve the following steps: |
205 | </p> | ||
206 | <p lang="de" note="outdated"></p> | ||
207 | <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p> | ||
208 | <p lang="it" note="outdated"></p> | ||
209 | <p> | ||
205 | <img src="images/system.svg" alt="system overview" style="float: right; margin: 50px 5px 5px 5px;" width="50%"> | 210 | <img src="images/system.svg" alt="system overview" style="float: right; margin: 50px 5px 5px 5px;" width="50%"> |
206 | <ol> | 211 | <ol> |
207 | <li lang="en">A customer instructs his <b>bank</b> to transfer funds | 212 | <li lang="en">A customer instructs his <b>bank</b> to transfer funds |
@@ -209,6 +214,9 @@ | |||
209 | the transaction, he includes an authentication token from his | 214 | the transaction, he includes an authentication token from his |
210 | electronic <b>wallet</b>. In Taler terminology, the customer | 215 | electronic <b>wallet</b>. In Taler terminology, the customer |
211 | creates a reserve at the mint.</li> | 216 | creates a reserve at the mint.</li> |
217 | <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> | ||
218 | <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> | ||
219 | <li lang="it" note="outdated"></li> | ||
212 | <li lang="en">Once the mint has received the transfer, it allows the | 220 | <li lang="en">Once the mint has received the transfer, it allows the |
213 | customer's electronic wallet to <b>withdraw</b> electronic coins. | 221 | customer's electronic wallet to <b>withdraw</b> electronic coins. |
214 | The electronic coins are digital representations of the original | 222 | The electronic coins are digital representations of the original |
@@ -218,6 +226,9 @@ | |||
218 | The use of Taler does not change the currency or the | 226 | The use of Taler does not change the currency or the |
219 | total value of the funds (except for fees which the mint may | 227 | total value of the funds (except for fees which the mint may |
220 | charge for the service).</li> | 228 | charge for the service).</li> |
229 | <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> | ||
230 | <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> | ||
231 | <li lang="it" note="outdated"></li> | ||
221 | <li lang="en">Once the customer has the digital coins in his wallet, | 232 | <li lang="en">Once the customer has the digital coins in his wallet, |
222 | the wallet can be used to <b>spend</b> the coins with merchant | 233 | the wallet can be used to <b>spend</b> the coins with merchant |
223 | portals that support the Taler | 234 | portals that support the Taler |
@@ -232,6 +243,9 @@ | |||
232 | customer. Naturally, the customer can spend any fraction of his | 243 | customer. Naturally, the customer can spend any fraction of his |
233 | digital coins (the system takes care of customers getting | 244 | digital coins (the system takes care of customers getting |
234 | change).</li> | 245 | change).</li> |
246 | <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> | ||
247 | <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> | ||
248 | <li lang="it" note="outdated"></li> | ||
235 | <li lang="en">Merchants receiving digital coins <b>deposits</b> | 249 | <li lang="en">Merchants receiving digital coins <b>deposits</b> |
236 | the respective receipts that resulted from the contract signing | 250 | the respective receipts that resulted from the contract signing |
237 | with the customer at the mint to redeem the coins. | 251 | with the customer at the mint to redeem the coins. |
@@ -245,6 +259,9 @@ | |||
245 | customer. Thus, the mint's database allows the state to enforce | 259 | customer. Thus, the mint's database allows the state to enforce |
246 | that merchants pay applicable taxes (and do not engage in | 260 | that merchants pay applicable taxes (and do not engage in |
247 | illegal contracts).</li> | 261 | illegal contracts).</li> |
262 | <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> | ||
263 | <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> | ||
264 | <li lang="it" note="outdated"></li> | ||
248 | <li lang="en">Finally, the mint transfers funds corresponding to | 265 | <li lang="en">Finally, the mint transfers funds corresponding to |
249 | the digital coins redeemed by the merchants to the merchant's | 266 | the digital coins redeemed by the merchants to the merchant's |
250 | <b>bank</b> account. The mint may combine multiple small | 267 | <b>bank</b> account. The mint may combine multiple small |
@@ -252,6 +269,9 @@ | |||
252 | The merchant can query the mint | 269 | The merchant can query the mint |
253 | about the relationship between the bank transfers and the | 270 | about the relationship between the bank transfers and the |
254 | individual claims that were deposited.</li> | 271 | individual claims that were deposited.</li> |
272 | <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> | ||
273 | <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> | ||
274 | <li lang="it" note="outdated"></li> | ||
255 | <li lang="en">Most importantly, the mint keeps cryptographic | 275 | <li lang="en">Most importantly, the mint keeps cryptographic |
256 | proofs that allow it to demonstrate that it is operating | 276 | proofs that allow it to demonstrate that it is operating |
257 | correctly to third parties. The system requires an external | 277 | correctly to third parties. The system requires an external |
@@ -259,12 +279,18 @@ | |||
259 | body, to frequently verify the mint's databases and check that | 279 | body, to frequently verify the mint's databases and check that |
260 | its bank balance matches the total value of the remaining coins | 280 | its bank balance matches the total value of the remaining coins |
261 | in circulation.</li> | 281 | in circulation.</li> |
282 | <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> | ||
283 | <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> | ||
284 | <li lang="it" note="outdated"></li> | ||
262 | <li lang="en">Without the auditor, the mint operators could | 285 | <li lang="en">Without the auditor, the mint operators could |
263 | steal funds they are holding in reserve. Customers and merchants | 286 | steal funds they are holding in reserve. Customers and merchants |
264 | cannot cheat each other or the mint. If any party's computers | 287 | cannot cheat each other or the mint. If any party's computers |
265 | are compromised, the financial damage is limited to the | 288 | are compromised, the financial damage is limited to the |
266 | respective party and proportional to the funds they | 289 | respective party and proportional to the funds they |
267 | have in circulation during the period of the compromise.</li> | 290 | have in circulation during the period of the compromise.</li> |
291 | <li lang="de" note="outdated"></li> | ||
292 | <li lang="fr" note="outdated"></li> | ||
293 | <li lang="it" note="outdated"></li> | ||
268 | </ol> | 294 | </ol> |
269 | </p> | 295 | </p> |
270 | </div> | 296 | </div> |
@@ -282,6 +308,9 @@ | |||
282 | family or copying coins between devices should not be subject to | 308 | family or copying coins between devices should not be subject to |
283 | monitoring by the state. | 309 | monitoring by the state. |
284 | </p> | 310 | </p> |
311 | <p lang="de" note="outdated"></p> | ||
312 | <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p> | ||
313 | <p lang="it" note="outdated"></p> | ||
285 | <p lang="en">In Taler terminology, we distinguish between | 314 | <p lang="en">In Taler terminology, we distinguish between |
286 | <b>transactions</b> where the exclusive ownership of the value of a | 315 | <b>transactions</b> where the exclusive ownership of the value of a |
287 | coin is passed from one entity to another, and <b>sharing</b> | 316 | coin is passed from one entity to another, and <b>sharing</b> |
@@ -295,6 +324,9 @@ | |||
295 | involved, and thus represent interactions in the protected immediate | 324 | involved, and thus represent interactions in the protected immediate |
296 | personal domain, and not commercial transactions. | 325 | personal domain, and not commercial transactions. |
297 | </p> | 326 | </p> |
327 | <p lang="de" note="outdated"></p> | ||
328 | <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p> | ||
329 | <p lang="it" note="outdated"></p> | ||
298 | <p lang="en">When Taler needs to provide change, for example because | 330 | <p lang="en">When Taler needs to provide change, for example because |
299 | a customer only has a 5 Euro coin but wants to make a 2 Euro | 331 | a customer only has a 5 Euro coin but wants to make a 2 Euro |
300 | purchase, it needs to create <b>fresh</b> coins (of a total value | 332 | purchase, it needs to create <b>fresh</b> coins (of a total value |
@@ -309,10 +341,16 @@ | |||
309 | <i>transfers</i>, as the linkage ensures that the fresh coins are | 341 | <i>transfers</i>, as the linkage ensures that the fresh coins are |
310 | always <i>shared</i> with the owner of the original coin. | 342 | always <i>shared</i> with the owner of the original coin. |
311 | </p> | 343 | </p> |
344 | <p lang="de" note="outdated"></p> | ||
345 | <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p> | ||
346 | <p lang="it" note="outdated"></p> | ||
312 | <p lang="en">As a result, Taler does not intrude into the | 347 | <p lang="en">As a result, Taler does not intrude into the |
313 | personal economic domain, offers good privacy, taxability | 348 | personal economic domain, offers good privacy, taxability |
314 | for transactions and the ability to give change. | 349 | for transactions and the ability to give change. |
315 | </p> | 350 | </p> |
351 | <p lang="de" note="outdated"></p> | ||
352 | <p lang="fr" note="outdated"></p> | ||
353 | <p lang="it" note="outdated"></p> | ||
316 | </div> | 354 | </div> |
317 | <!--# include file="common/footer.inc" --> | 355 | <!--# include file="common/footer.inc" --> |
318 | </div> <!-- /container --> | 356 | </div> <!-- /container --> |