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/*
     This file is part of GNUnet.
     Copyright (C) 2005-2017 GNUnet e.V.

     GNUnet is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
     under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
     by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
     or (at your option) any later version.

     GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
     Affero General Public License for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
     along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

     SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL3.0-or-later
 */
/**
 * @file util/strings.c
 * @brief string functions
 * @author Nils Durner
 * @author Christian Grothoff
 */

#include "platform.h"
#if HAVE_ICONV
#include <iconv.h>
#endif
#include "gnunet_crypto_lib.h"
#include "gnunet_strings_lib.h"
#include <unicase.h>
#include <unistr.h>
#include <uniconv.h>

#define LOG(kind, ...) GNUNET_log_from(kind, "util-strings", __VA_ARGS__)

#define LOG_STRERROR(kind, syscall) \
  GNUNET_log_from_strerror(kind, "util-strings", syscall)


/**
 * Fill a buffer of the given size with
 * count 0-terminated strings (given as varargs).
 * If "buffer" is NULL, only compute the amount of
 * space required (sum of "strlen(arg)+1").
 *
 * Unlike using "snprintf" with "%s", this function
 * will add 0-terminators after each string.  The
 * #GNUNET_string_buffer_tokenize() function can be
 * used to parse the buffer back into individual
 * strings.
 *
 * @param buffer the buffer to fill with strings, can
 *               be NULL in which case only the necessary
 *               amount of space will be calculated
 * @param size number of bytes available in buffer
 * @param count number of strings that follow
 * @param ... count 0-terminated strings to copy to buffer
 * @return number of bytes written to the buffer
 *         (or number of bytes that would have been written)
 */
size_t
GNUNET_STRINGS_buffer_fill(char *buffer, size_t size, unsigned int count, ...)
{
  size_t needed;
  size_t slen;
  const char *s;
  va_list ap;

  needed = 0;
  va_start(ap, count);
  while (count > 0)
    {
      s = va_arg(ap, const char *);

      slen = strlen(s) + 1;
      if (buffer != NULL)
        {
          GNUNET_assert(needed + slen <= size);
          GNUNET_memcpy(&buffer[needed], s, slen);
        }
      needed += slen;
      count--;
    }
  va_end(ap);
  return needed;
}


/**
 * Convert a peer path to a human-readable string.
 *
 * @param pids array of PIDs to convert to a string
 * @param num_pids length of the @a pids array
 * @return string representing the array of @a pids
 */
char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_pp2s(const struct GNUNET_PeerIdentity *pids,
                    unsigned int num_pids)
{
  char *buf;
  size_t off;
  size_t plen = num_pids * 5 + 1;

  off = 0;
  buf = GNUNET_malloc(plen);
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < num_pids; i++)
    {
      off += GNUNET_snprintf(&buf[off],
                             plen - off,
                             "%s%s",
                             GNUNET_i2s(&pids[i]),
                             (i == num_pids - 1) ? "" : "-");
    }
  return buf;
}


/**
 * Given a buffer of a given size, find "count"
 * 0-terminated strings in the buffer and assign
 * the count (varargs) of type "const char**" to the
 * locations of the respective strings in the
 * buffer.
 *
 * @param buffer the buffer to parse
 * @param size size of the buffer
 * @param count number of strings to locate
 * @return offset of the character after the last 0-termination
 *         in the buffer, or 0 on error.
 */
unsigned int
GNUNET_STRINGS_buffer_tokenize(const char *buffer,
                               size_t size,
                               unsigned int count,
                               ...)
{
  unsigned int start;
  unsigned int needed;
  const char **r;
  va_list ap;

  needed = 0;
  va_start(ap, count);
  while (count > 0)
    {
      r = va_arg(ap, const char **);

      start = needed;
      while ((needed < size) && (buffer[needed] != '\0'))
        needed++;
      if (needed == size)
        {
          va_end(ap);
          return 0; /* error */
        }
      *r = &buffer[start];
      needed++; /* skip 0-termination */
      count--;
    }
  va_end(ap);
  return needed;
}


/**
 * Convert a given filesize into a fancy human-readable format.
 *
 * @param size number of bytes
 * @return fancy representation of the size (possibly rounded) for humans
 */
char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_byte_size_fancy(unsigned long long size)
{
  const char *unit = _(/* size unit */ "b");
  char *ret;

  if (size > 5 * 1024)
    {
      size = size / 1024;
      unit = "KiB";
      if (size > 5 * 1024)
        {
          size = size / 1024;
          unit = "MiB";
          if (size > 5 * 1024)
            {
              size = size / 1024;
              unit = "GiB";
              if (size > 5 * 1024)
                {
                  size = size / 1024;
                  unit = "TiB";
                }
            }
        }
    }
  ret = GNUNET_malloc(32);
  GNUNET_snprintf(ret, 32, "%llu %s", size, unit);
  return ret;
}


/**
 * Like strlcpy but portable. The given string @a src is copied until its null
 * byte or until @a n - 1 bytes have been read. The destination buffer is
 * guaranteed to be null-terminated.
 *
 * @param dst destination of the copy (must be @a n bytes long)
 * @param src source of the copy (at most @a n - 1 bytes will be read)
 * @param n the length of the string to copy, including its terminating null
 *          byte
 * @return the length of the string that was copied, excluding the terminating
 *         null byte
 */
size_t
GNUNET_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t n)
{
  size_t slen;

  GNUNET_assert(0 != n);
  slen = strnlen(src, n - 1);
  memcpy(dst, src, slen);
  dst[slen] = '\0';
  return slen;
}


/**
 * Unit conversion table entry for 'convert_with_table'.
 */
struct ConversionTable {
  /**
   * Name of the unit (or NULL for end of table).
   */
  const char *name;

  /**
   * Factor to apply for this unit.
   */
  unsigned long long value;
};


/**
 * Convert a string of the form "4 X 5 Y" into a numeric value
 * by interpreting "X" and "Y" as units and then multiplying
 * the numbers with the values associated with the respective
 * unit from the conversion table.
 *
 * @param input input string to parse
 * @param table table with the conversion of unit names to numbers
 * @param output where to store the result
 * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR on error
 */
static int
convert_with_table(const char *input,
                   const struct ConversionTable *table,
                   unsigned long long *output)
{
  unsigned long long ret;
  char *in;
  const char *tok;
  unsigned long long last;
  unsigned int i;

  ret = 0;
  last = 0;
  in = GNUNET_strdup(input);
  for (tok = strtok(in, " "); tok != NULL; tok = strtok(NULL, " "))
    {
      do
        {
          i = 0;
          while ((table[i].name != NULL) && (0 != strcasecmp(table[i].name, tok)))
            i++;
          if (table[i].name != NULL)
            {
              last *= table[i].value;
              break; /* next tok */
            }
          else
            {
              char *endptr;
              ret += last;
              errno = 0;
              last = strtoull(tok, &endptr, 10);
              if ((0 != errno) || (endptr == tok))
                {
                  GNUNET_free(in);
                  return GNUNET_SYSERR; /* expected number */
                }
              if ('\0' == endptr[0])
                break; /* next tok */
              else
                tok = endptr; /* and re-check (handles times like "10s") */
            }
        }
      while (GNUNET_YES);
    }
  ret += last;
  *output = ret;
  GNUNET_free(in);
  return GNUNET_OK;
}


/**
 * Convert a given fancy human-readable size to bytes.
 *
 * @param fancy_size human readable string (i.e. 1 MB)
 * @param size set to the size in bytes
 * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR on error
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_fancy_size_to_bytes(const char *fancy_size,
                                   unsigned long long *size)
{
  static const struct ConversionTable table[] =
  { { "B", 1 },
    { "KiB", 1024 },
    { "kB", 1000 },
    { "MiB", 1024 * 1024 },
    { "MB", 1000 * 1000 },
    { "GiB", 1024 * 1024 * 1024 },
    { "GB", 1000 * 1000 * 1000 },
    { "TiB", 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL },
    { "TB", 1000LL * 1000LL * 1000LL * 1024LL },
    { "PiB", 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL },
    { "PB", 1000LL * 1000LL * 1000LL * 1024LL * 1000LL },
    { "EiB", 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL * 1024LL },
    { "EB", 1000LL * 1000LL * 1000LL * 1024LL * 1000LL * 1000LL },
    { NULL, 0 } };

  return convert_with_table(fancy_size, table, size);
}


/**
 * Convert a given fancy human-readable time to our internal
 * representation.
 *
 * @param fancy_time human readable string (i.e. 1 minute)
 * @param rtime set to the relative time
 * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR on error
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_fancy_time_to_relative(const char *fancy_time,
                                      struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative *rtime)
{
  static const struct ConversionTable table[] =
  { { "us", 1 },
    { "ms", 1000 },
    { "s", 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "second", 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "seconds", 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "\"", 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "m", 60 * 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "min", 60 * 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "minute", 60 * 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "minutes", 60 * 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "'", 60 * 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "h", 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "hour", 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "hours", 60 * 60 * 1000 * 1000LL },
    { "d", 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000LL * 1000LL },
    { "day", 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000LL * 1000LL },
    { "days", 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000LL * 1000LL },
    { "week", 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000LL * 1000LL },
    { "weeks", 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000LL * 1000LL },
    { "year", 31536000000000LL /* year */ },
    { "years", 31536000000000LL /* year */ },
    { "a", 31536000000000LL /* year */ },
    { NULL, 0 } };
  int ret;
  unsigned long long val;

  if (0 == strcasecmp("forever", fancy_time))
    {
      *rtime = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL;
      return GNUNET_OK;
    }
  ret = convert_with_table(fancy_time, table, &val);
  rtime->rel_value_us = (uint64_t)val;
  return ret;
}


/**
 * Convert a given fancy human-readable time to our internal
 * representation. The human-readable time is expected to be
 * in local time, whereas the returned value will be in UTC.
 *
 * @param fancy_time human readable string (i.e. %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S)
 * @param atime set to the absolute time
 * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR on error
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_fancy_time_to_absolute(const char *fancy_time,
                                      struct GNUNET_TIME_Absolute *atime)
{
  struct tm tv;
  time_t t;
  const char *eos;

  if (0 == strcasecmp("end of time", fancy_time))
    {
      *atime = GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_ABS;
      return GNUNET_OK;
    }
  eos = &fancy_time[strlen(fancy_time)];
  memset(&tv, 0, sizeof(tv));
  if ((eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y", &tv)) &&
      (eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%c", &tv)) &&
      (eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%Ec", &tv)) &&
      (eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tv)) &&
      (eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &tv)) &&
      (eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%x", &tv)) &&
      (eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%Ex", &tv)) &&
      (eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%Y-%m-%d", &tv)) &&
      (eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%Y-%m", &tv)) &&
      (eos != strptime(fancy_time, "%Y", &tv)))
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  t = mktime(&tv);
  atime->abs_value_us = (uint64_t)((uint64_t)t * 1000LL * 1000LL);
  return GNUNET_OK;
}


/**
 * Convert the len characters long character sequence
 * given in input that is in the given input charset
 * to a string in given output charset.
 *
 * @param input input string
 * @param len number of bytes in @a input
 * @param input_charset character set used for @a input
 * @param output_charset desired character set for the return value
 * @return the converted string (0-terminated),
 *  if conversion fails, a copy of the orignal
 *  string is returned.
 */
char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_conv(const char *input,
                    size_t len,
                    const char *input_charset,
                    const char *output_charset)
{
  char *ret;
  uint8_t *u8_string;
  char *encoded_string;
  size_t u8_string_length;
  size_t encoded_string_length;

  u8_string = u8_conv_from_encoding(input_charset,
                                    iconveh_error,
                                    input,
                                    len,
                                    NULL,
                                    NULL,
                                    &u8_string_length);
  if (NULL == u8_string)
    {
      LOG_STRERROR(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "u8_conv_from_encoding");
      goto fail;
    }
  if (0 == strcmp(output_charset, "UTF-8"))
    {
      ret = GNUNET_malloc(u8_string_length + 1);
      GNUNET_memcpy(ret, u8_string, u8_string_length);
      ret[u8_string_length] = '\0';
      free(u8_string);
      return ret;
    }
  encoded_string = u8_conv_to_encoding(output_charset,
                                       iconveh_error,
                                       u8_string,
                                       u8_string_length,
                                       NULL,
                                       NULL,
                                       &encoded_string_length);
  free(u8_string);
  if (NULL == encoded_string)
    {
      LOG_STRERROR(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "u8_conv_to_encoding");
      goto fail;
    }
  ret = GNUNET_malloc(encoded_string_length + 1);
  GNUNET_memcpy(ret, encoded_string, encoded_string_length);
  ret[encoded_string_length] = '\0';
  free(encoded_string);
  return ret;
fail:
  LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
      _("Character sets requested were `%s'->`%s'\n"),
      "UTF-8",
      output_charset);
  ret = GNUNET_malloc(len + 1);
  GNUNET_memcpy(ret, input, len);
  ret[len] = '\0';
  return ret;
}


/**
 * Convert the len characters long character sequence
 * given in input that is in the given charset
 * to UTF-8.
 *
 * @param input the input string (not necessarily 0-terminated)
 * @param len the number of bytes in the @a input
 * @param charset character set to convert from
 * @return the converted string (0-terminated),
 *  if conversion fails, a copy of the orignal
 *  string is returned.
 */
char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_to_utf8(const char *input, size_t len, const char *charset)
{
  return GNUNET_STRINGS_conv(input, len, charset, "UTF-8");
}


/**
 * Convert the len bytes-long UTF-8 string
 * given in input to the given charset.
 *
 * @param input the input string (not necessarily 0-terminated)
 * @param len the number of bytes in the @a input
 * @param charset character set to convert to
 * @return the converted string (0-terminated),
 *  if conversion fails, a copy of the orignal
 *  string is returned.
 */
char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_from_utf8(const char *input, size_t len, const char *charset)
{
  return GNUNET_STRINGS_conv(input, len, "UTF-8", charset);
}


/**
 * Convert the utf-8 input string to lowercase.
 * Output needs to be allocated appropriately.
 *
 * @param input input string
 * @param output output buffer
 */
void
GNUNET_STRINGS_utf8_tolower(const char *input, char *output)
{
  uint8_t *tmp_in;
  size_t len;

  tmp_in = u8_tolower((uint8_t *)input,
                      strlen((char *)input),
                      NULL,
                      UNINORM_NFD,
                      NULL,
                      &len);
  GNUNET_memcpy(output, tmp_in, len);
  output[len] = '\0';
  free(tmp_in);
}


/**
 * Convert the utf-8 input string to uppercase.
 * Output needs to be allocated appropriately.
 *
 * @param input input string
 * @param output output buffer
 */
void
GNUNET_STRINGS_utf8_toupper(const char *input, char *output)
{
  uint8_t *tmp_in;
  size_t len;

  tmp_in = u8_toupper((uint8_t *)input,
                      strlen((char *)input),
                      NULL,
                      UNINORM_NFD,
                      NULL,
                      &len);
  GNUNET_memcpy(output, tmp_in, len);
  output[len] = '\0';
  free(tmp_in);
}


/**
 * Complete filename (a la shell) from abbrevition.
 * @param fil the name of the file, may contain ~/ or
 *        be relative to the current directory
 * @returns the full file name,
 *          NULL is returned on error
 */
char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_filename_expand(const char *fil)
{
  char *buffer;

#ifndef MINGW
  size_t len;
  char *fm;
  const char *fil_ptr;
#else
  char *fn;
  long lRet;
#endif

  if (fil == NULL)
    return NULL;

#ifndef MINGW
  if (fil[0] == DIR_SEPARATOR)
    /* absolute path, just copy */
    return GNUNET_strdup(fil);
  if (fil[0] == '~')
    {
      fm = getenv("HOME");
      if (fm == NULL)
        {
          LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
              _("Failed to expand `$HOME': environment variable `HOME' not set"));
          return NULL;
        }
      fm = GNUNET_strdup(fm);
      /* do not copy '~' */
      fil_ptr = fil + 1;

      /* skip over dir seperator to be consistent */
      if (fil_ptr[0] == DIR_SEPARATOR)
        fil_ptr++;
    }
  else
    {
      /* relative path */
      fil_ptr = fil;
      len = 512;
      fm = NULL;
      while (1)
        {
          buffer = GNUNET_malloc(len);
          if (getcwd(buffer, len) != NULL)
            {
              fm = buffer;
              break;
            }
          if ((errno == ERANGE) && (len < 1024 * 1024 * 4))
            {
              len *= 2;
              GNUNET_free(buffer);
              continue;
            }
          GNUNET_free(buffer);
          break;
        }
      if (fm == NULL)
        {
          LOG_STRERROR(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "getcwd");
          buffer = getenv("PWD"); /* alternative */
          if (buffer != NULL)
            fm = GNUNET_strdup(buffer);
        }
      if (fm == NULL)
        fm = GNUNET_strdup("./"); /* give up */
    }
  GNUNET_asprintf(&buffer,
                  "%s%s%s",
                  fm,
                  (fm[strlen(fm) - 1] == DIR_SEPARATOR) ? ""
                  : DIR_SEPARATOR_STR,
                  fil_ptr);
  GNUNET_free(fm);
  return buffer;
#else
  fn = GNUNET_malloc(MAX_PATH + 1);

  if ((lRet = plibc_conv_to_win_path(fil, fn)) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
    {
      SetErrnoFromWinError(lRet);
      LOG_STRERROR(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "plibc_conv_to_win_path");
      return NULL;
    }
  /* is the path relative? */
  if ((0 != strncmp(fn + 1, ":\\", 2)) && (0 != strncmp(fn, "\\\\", 2)))
    {
      char szCurDir[MAX_PATH + 1];

      lRet = GetCurrentDirectory(MAX_PATH + 1, szCurDir);
      if (lRet + strlen(fn) + 1 > (MAX_PATH + 1))
        {
          SetErrnoFromWinError(ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW);
          LOG_STRERROR(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "GetCurrentDirectory");
          return NULL;
        }
      GNUNET_asprintf(&buffer, "%s\\%s", szCurDir, fn);
      GNUNET_free(fn);
      fn = buffer;
    }

  return fn;
#endif
}


/**
 * Give relative time in human-readable fancy format.
 * This is one of the very few calls in the entire API that is
 * NOT reentrant!
 *
 * @param delta time in milli seconds
 * @param do_round are we allowed to round a bit?
 * @return time as human-readable string
 */
const char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_relative_time_to_string(struct GNUNET_TIME_Relative delta,
                                       int do_round)
{
  static char buf[128];
  const char *unit = _(/* time unit */ "µs");
  uint64_t dval = delta.rel_value_us;

  if (GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_REL.rel_value_us == delta.rel_value_us)
    return _("forever");
  if (0 == delta.rel_value_us)
    return _("0 ms");
  if (((GNUNET_YES == do_round) && (dval > 5 * 1000)) || (0 == (dval % 1000)))
    {
      dval = dval / 1000;
      unit = _(/* time unit */ "ms");
      if (((GNUNET_YES == do_round) && (dval > 5 * 1000)) || (0 == (dval % 1000)))
        {
          dval = dval / 1000;
          unit = _(/* time unit */ "s");
          if (((GNUNET_YES == do_round) && (dval > 5 * 60)) || (0 == (dval % 60)))
            {
              dval = dval / 60;
              unit = _(/* time unit */ "m");
              if (((GNUNET_YES == do_round) && (dval > 5 * 60)) || (0 == (dval % 60)))
                {
                  dval = dval / 60;
                  unit = _(/* time unit */ "h");
                  if (((GNUNET_YES == do_round) && (dval > 5 * 24)) ||
                      (0 == (dval % 24)))
                    {
                      dval = dval / 24;
                      if (1 == dval)
                        unit = _(/* time unit */ "day");
                      else
                        unit = _(/* time unit */ "days");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
  GNUNET_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%llu %s", dval, unit);
  return buf;
}


/**
 * "asctime", except for GNUnet time.  Converts a GNUnet internal
 * absolute time (which is in UTC) to a string in local time.
 * Note that the returned value will be overwritten if this function
 * is called again.
 *
 * @param t the absolute time to convert
 * @return timestamp in human-readable form in local time
 */
const char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_absolute_time_to_string(struct GNUNET_TIME_Absolute t)
{
  static char buf[255];
  time_t tt;
  struct tm *tp;

  if (t.abs_value_us == GNUNET_TIME_UNIT_FOREVER_ABS.abs_value_us)
    return _("end of time");
  tt = t.abs_value_us / 1000LL / 1000LL;
  tp = localtime(&tt);
  /* This is hacky, but i don't know a way to detect libc character encoding.
   * Just expect utf8 from glibc these days.
   * As for msvcrt, use the wide variant, which always returns utf16
   * (otherwise we'd have to detect current codepage or use W32API character
   * set conversion routines to convert to UTF8).
   */
#ifndef WINDOWS
  strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y", tp);
#else
  {
    static wchar_t wbuf[255];
    uint8_t *conved;
    size_t ssize;

    wcsftime(wbuf,
             sizeof(wbuf) / sizeof(wchar_t),
             L"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y",
             tp);

    ssize = sizeof(buf);
    conved = u16_to_u8(wbuf,
                       sizeof(wbuf) / sizeof(wchar_t),
                       (uint8_t *)buf,
                       &ssize);
    if (conved != (uint8_t *)buf)
      {
        GNUNET_strlcpy(buf, (char *)conved, sizeof(buf));
        free(conved);
      }
  }
#endif
  return buf;
}


/**
 * "man basename"
 * Returns a pointer to a part of filename (allocates nothing)!
 *
 * @param filename filename to extract basename from
 * @return short (base) name of the file (that is, everything following the
 *         last directory separator in filename. If filename ends with a
 *         directory separator, the result will be a zero-length string.
 *         If filename has no directory separators, the result is filename
 *         itself.
 */
const char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_get_short_name(const char *filename)
{
  const char *short_fn = filename;
  const char *ss;

  while (NULL != (ss = strstr(short_fn, DIR_SEPARATOR_STR)) && (ss[1] != '\0'))
    short_fn = 1 + ss;
  return short_fn;
}


/**
 * Get the decoded value corresponding to a character according to Crockford
 * Base32 encoding.
 *
 * @param a a character
 * @return corresponding numeric value
 */
static unsigned int
getValue__(unsigned char a)
{
  unsigned int dec;

  switch (a)
    {
    case 'O':
    case 'o':
      a = '0';
      break;

    case 'i':
    case 'I':
    case 'l':
    case 'L':
      a = '1';
      break;

    /* also consider U to be V */
    case 'u':
    case 'U':
      a = 'V';
      break;

    default:
      break;
    }
  if ((a >= '0') && (a <= '9'))
    return a - '0';
  if ((a >= 'a') && (a <= 'z'))
    a = toupper(a);
  /* return (a - 'a' + 10); */
  dec = 0;
  if ((a >= 'A') && (a <= 'Z'))
    {
      if ('I' < a)
        dec++;
      if ('L' < a)
        dec++;
      if ('O' < a)
        dec++;
      if ('U' < a)
        dec++;
      return(a - 'A' + 10 - dec);
    }
  return -1;
}


/**
 * Convert binary data to ASCII encoding using Crockford Base32 encoding.
 * Returns a pointer to the byte after the last byte in the string, that
 * is where the 0-terminator was placed if there was room.
 *
 * @param data data to encode
 * @param size size of data (in bytes)
 * @param out buffer to fill
 * @param out_size size of the buffer. Must be large enough to hold
 * (size * 8 + 4) / 5 bytes
 * @return pointer to the next byte in @a out or NULL on error.
 */
char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_data_to_string(const void *data,
                              size_t size,
                              char *out,
                              size_t out_size)
{
  /**
   * 32 characters for encoding
   */
  static char *encTable__ = "0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ";
  unsigned int wpos;
  unsigned int rpos;
  unsigned int bits;
  unsigned int vbit;
  const unsigned char *udata;

  udata = data;
  if (out_size < (size * 8 + 4) / 5)
    {
      GNUNET_break(0);
      return NULL;
    }
  vbit = 0;
  wpos = 0;
  rpos = 0;
  bits = 0;
  while ((rpos < size) || (vbit > 0))
    {
      if ((rpos < size) && (vbit < 5))
        {
          bits = (bits << 8) | udata[rpos++]; /* eat 8 more bits */
          vbit += 8;
        }
      if (vbit < 5)
        {
          bits <<= (5 - vbit); /* zero-padding */
          GNUNET_assert(vbit == ((size * 8) % 5));
          vbit = 5;
        }
      if (wpos >= out_size)
        {
          GNUNET_break(0);
          return NULL;
        }
      out[wpos++] = encTable__[(bits >> (vbit - 5)) & 31];
      vbit -= 5;
    }
  GNUNET_assert(0 == vbit);
  if (wpos < out_size)
    out[wpos] = '\0';
  return &out[wpos];
}


/**
 * Return the base32crockford encoding of the given buffer.
 *
 * The returned string will be freshly allocated, and must be free'd
 * with GNUNET_free().
 *
 * @param buffer with data
 * @param size size of the buffer
 * @return freshly allocated, null-terminated string
 */
char *
GNUNET_STRINGS_data_to_string_alloc(const void *buf, size_t size)
{
  char *str_buf;
  size_t len = size * 8;
  char *end;

  if (len % 5 > 0)
    len += 5 - len % 5;
  len /= 5;
  str_buf = GNUNET_malloc(len + 1);
  end = GNUNET_STRINGS_data_to_string(buf, size, str_buf, len);
  if (NULL == end)
    {
      GNUNET_free(str_buf);
      return NULL;
    }
  *end = '\0';
  return str_buf;
}


/**
 * Convert Crockford Base32hex encoding back to data.
 * @a out_size must match exactly the size of the data before it was encoded.
 *
 * @param enc the encoding
 * @param enclen number of characters in @a enc (without 0-terminator, which can be missing)
 * @param out location where to store the decoded data
 * @param out_size size of the output buffer @a out
 * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR if result has the wrong encoding
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_string_to_data(const char *enc,
                              size_t enclen,
                              void *out,
                              size_t out_size)
{
  unsigned int rpos;
  unsigned int wpos;
  unsigned int bits;
  unsigned int vbit;
  int ret;
  int shift;
  unsigned char *uout;
  unsigned int encoded_len = out_size * 8;

  if (0 == enclen)
    {
      if (0 == out_size)
        return GNUNET_OK;
      return GNUNET_SYSERR;
    }
  uout = out;
  wpos = out_size;
  rpos = enclen;
  if ((encoded_len % 5) > 0)
    {
      vbit = encoded_len % 5; /* padding! */
      shift = 5 - vbit;
      bits = (ret = getValue__(enc[--rpos])) >> shift;
    }
  else
    {
      vbit = 5;
      shift = 0;
      bits = (ret = getValue__(enc[--rpos]));
    }
  if ((encoded_len + shift) / 5 != enclen)
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  if (-1 == ret)
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  while (wpos > 0)
    {
      if (0 == rpos)
        {
          GNUNET_break(0);
          return GNUNET_SYSERR;
        }
      bits = ((ret = getValue__(enc[--rpos])) << vbit) | bits;
      if (-1 == ret)
        return GNUNET_SYSERR;
      vbit += 5;
      if (vbit >= 8)
        {
          uout[--wpos] = (unsigned char)bits;
          bits >>= 8;
          vbit -= 8;
        }
    }
  if ((0 != rpos) || (0 != vbit))
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  return GNUNET_OK;
}


/**
 * Parse a path that might be an URI.
 *
 * @param path path to parse. Must be NULL-terminated.
 * @param scheme_part a pointer to 'char *' where a pointer to a string that
 *        represents the URI scheme will be stored. Can be NULL. The string is
 *        allocated by the function, and should be freed by GNUNET_free() when
 *        it is no longer needed.
 * @param path_part a pointer to 'const char *' where a pointer to the path
 *        part of the URI will be stored. Can be NULL. Points to the same block
 *        of memory as 'path', and thus must not be freed. Might point to '\0',
 *        if path part is zero-length.
 * @return GNUNET_YES if it's an URI, GNUNET_NO otherwise. If 'path' is not
 *         an URI, '* scheme_part' and '*path_part' will remain unchanged
 *         (if they weren't NULL).
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_parse_uri(const char *path,
                         char **scheme_part,
                         const char **path_part)
{
  size_t len;
  size_t i;
  int end;
  int pp_state = 0;
  const char *post_scheme_part = NULL;

  len = strlen(path);
  for (end = 0, i = 0; !end && i < len; i++)
    {
      switch (pp_state)
        {
        case 0:
          if ((path[i] == ':') && (i > 0))
            {
              pp_state += 1;
              continue;
            }
          if (!((path[i] >= 'A' && path[i] <= 'Z') ||
                (path[i] >= 'a' && path[i] <= 'z') ||
                (path[i] >= '0' && path[i] <= '9') || path[i] == '+' ||
                path[i] == '-' || (path[i] == '.')))
            end = 1;
          break;

        case 1:
        case 2:
          if (path[i] == '/')
            {
              pp_state += 1;
              continue;
            }
          end = 1;
          break;

        case 3:
          post_scheme_part = &path[i];
          end = 1;
          break;

        default:
          end = 1;
        }
    }
  if (post_scheme_part == NULL)
    return GNUNET_NO;
  if (scheme_part)
    {
      *scheme_part = GNUNET_malloc(post_scheme_part - path + 1);
      GNUNET_memcpy(*scheme_part, path, post_scheme_part - path);
      (*scheme_part)[post_scheme_part - path] = '\0';
    }
  if (path_part)
    *path_part = post_scheme_part;
  return GNUNET_YES;
}


/**
 * Check whether @a filename is absolute or not, and if it's an URI
 *
 * @param filename filename to check
 * @param can_be_uri #GNUNET_YES to check for being URI, #GNUNET_NO - to
 *        assume it's not URI
 * @param r_is_uri a pointer to an int that is set to #GNUNET_YES if @a filename
 *        is URI and to #GNUNET_NO otherwise. Can be NULL. If @a can_be_uri is
 *        not #GNUNET_YES, `* r_is_uri` is set to #GNUNET_NO.
 * @param r_uri_scheme a pointer to a char * that is set to a pointer to URI scheme.
 *        The string is allocated by the function, and should be freed with
 *        GNUNET_free(). Can be NULL.
 * @return #GNUNET_YES if @a filename is absolute, #GNUNET_NO otherwise.
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_path_is_absolute(const char *filename,
                                int can_be_uri,
                                int *r_is_uri,
                                char **r_uri_scheme)
{
#if WINDOWS
  size_t len;
#endif
  const char *post_scheme_path;
  int is_uri;
  char *uri;
  /* consider POSIX paths to be absolute too, even on W32,
   * as plibc expansion will fix them for us.
   */
  if (filename[0] == '/')
    return GNUNET_YES;
  if (can_be_uri)
    {
      is_uri = GNUNET_STRINGS_parse_uri(filename, &uri, &post_scheme_path);
      if (r_is_uri)
        *r_is_uri = is_uri;
      if (is_uri)
        {
          if (r_uri_scheme)
            *r_uri_scheme = uri;
          else
            GNUNET_free_non_null(uri);
#if WINDOWS
          len = strlen(post_scheme_path);
          /* Special check for file:///c:/blah
           * We want to parse 'c:/', not '/c:/'
           */
          if (post_scheme_path[0] == '/' && len >= 3 && post_scheme_path[2] == ':')
            post_scheme_path = &post_scheme_path[1];
#endif
          return GNUNET_STRINGS_path_is_absolute(post_scheme_path,
                                                 GNUNET_NO,
                                                 NULL,
                                                 NULL);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      if (r_is_uri)
        *r_is_uri = GNUNET_NO;
    }
#if WINDOWS
  len = strlen(filename);
  if (len >= 3 &&
      ((filename[0] >= 'A' && filename[0] <= 'Z') ||
       (filename[0] >= 'a' && filename[0] <= 'z')) &&
      filename[1] == ':' && (filename[2] == '/' || filename[2] == '\\'))
    return GNUNET_YES;
#endif
  return GNUNET_NO;
}

#if MINGW
#define _IFMT 0170000 /* type of file */
#define _IFLNK 0120000 /* symbolic link */
#define S_ISLNK(m) (((m) & _IFMT) == _IFLNK)
#endif


/**
 * Perform @a checks on @a filename.
 *
 * @param filename file to check
 * @param checks checks to perform
 * @return #GNUNET_YES if all checks pass, #GNUNET_NO if at least one of them
 *         fails, #GNUNET_SYSERR when a check can't be performed
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_check_filename(const char *filename,
                              enum GNUNET_STRINGS_FilenameCheck checks)
{
  struct stat st;

  if ((NULL == filename) || (filename[0] == '\0'))
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  if (0 != (checks & GNUNET_STRINGS_CHECK_IS_ABSOLUTE))
    if (!GNUNET_STRINGS_path_is_absolute(filename, GNUNET_NO, NULL, NULL))
      return GNUNET_NO;
  if (0 != (checks &
            (GNUNET_STRINGS_CHECK_EXISTS | GNUNET_STRINGS_CHECK_IS_DIRECTORY |
             GNUNET_STRINGS_CHECK_IS_LINK)))
    {
      if (0 != stat(filename, &st))
        {
          if (0 != (checks & GNUNET_STRINGS_CHECK_EXISTS))
            return GNUNET_NO;
          else
            return GNUNET_SYSERR;
        }
    }
  if (0 != (checks & GNUNET_STRINGS_CHECK_IS_DIRECTORY))
    if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
      return GNUNET_NO;
  if (0 != (checks & GNUNET_STRINGS_CHECK_IS_LINK))
    if (!S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
      return GNUNET_NO;
  return GNUNET_YES;
}


/**
 * Tries to convert @a zt_addr string to an IPv6 address.
 * The string is expected to have the format "[ABCD::01]:80".
 *
 * @param zt_addr 0-terminated string. May be mangled by the function.
 * @param addrlen length of @a zt_addr (not counting 0-terminator).
 * @param r_buf a buffer to fill. Initially gets filled with zeroes,
 *        then its sin6_port, sin6_family and sin6_addr are set appropriately.
 * @return #GNUNET_OK if conversion succeded.
 *         #GNUNET_SYSERR otherwise, in which
 *         case the contents of @a r_buf are undefined.
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_to_address_ipv6(const char *zt_addr,
                               uint16_t addrlen,
                               struct sockaddr_in6 *r_buf)
{
  char zbuf[addrlen + 1];
  int ret;
  char *port_colon;
  unsigned int port;
  char dummy[2];

  if (addrlen < 6)
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  GNUNET_memcpy(zbuf, zt_addr, addrlen);
  if ('[' != zbuf[0])
    {
      GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                 _("IPv6 address did not start with `['\n"));
      return GNUNET_SYSERR;
    }
  zbuf[addrlen] = '\0';
  port_colon = strrchr(zbuf, ':');
  if (NULL == port_colon)
    {
      GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                 _("IPv6 address did contain ':' to separate port number\n"));
      return GNUNET_SYSERR;
    }
  if (']' != *(port_colon - 1))
    {
      GNUNET_log(
        GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
        _("IPv6 address did contain ']' before ':' to separate port number\n"));
      return GNUNET_SYSERR;
    }
  ret = sscanf(port_colon, ":%u%1s", &port, dummy);
  if ((1 != ret) || (port > 65535))
    {
      GNUNET_log(
        GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
        _("IPv6 address did contain a valid port number after the last ':'\n"));
      return GNUNET_SYSERR;
    }
  *(port_colon - 1) = '\0';
  memset(r_buf, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));
  ret = inet_pton(AF_INET6, &zbuf[1], &r_buf->sin6_addr);
  if (ret <= 0)
    {
      GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                 _("Invalid IPv6 address `%s': %s\n"),
                 &zbuf[1],
                 strerror(errno));
      return GNUNET_SYSERR;
    }
  r_buf->sin6_port = htons(port);
  r_buf->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
#if HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
  r_buf->sin6_len = (u_char)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
#endif
  return GNUNET_OK;
}


/**
 * Tries to convert 'zt_addr' string to an IPv4 address.
 * The string is expected to have the format "1.2.3.4:80".
 *
 * @param zt_addr 0-terminated string. May be mangled by the function.
 * @param addrlen length of @a zt_addr (not counting 0-terminator).
 * @param r_buf a buffer to fill.
 * @return #GNUNET_OK if conversion succeded.
 *         #GNUNET_SYSERR otherwise, in which case
 *         the contents of @a r_buf are undefined.
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_to_address_ipv4(const char *zt_addr,
                               uint16_t addrlen,
                               struct sockaddr_in *r_buf)
{
  unsigned int temps[4];
  unsigned int port;
  unsigned int cnt;
  char dummy[2];

  if (addrlen < 9)
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  cnt = sscanf(zt_addr,
               "%u.%u.%u.%u:%u%1s",
               &temps[0],
               &temps[1],
               &temps[2],
               &temps[3],
               &port,
               dummy);
  if (5 != cnt)
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  for (cnt = 0; cnt < 4; cnt++)
    if (temps[cnt] > 0xFF)
      return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  if (port > 65535)
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  r_buf->sin_family = AF_INET;
  r_buf->sin_port = htons(port);
  r_buf->sin_addr.s_addr =
    htonl((temps[0] << 24) + (temps[1] << 16) + (temps[2] << 8) + temps[3]);
#if HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN_SIN_LEN
  r_buf->sin_len = (u_char)sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
#endif
  return GNUNET_OK;
}


/**
 * Tries to convert @a addr string to an IP (v4 or v6) address.
 * Will automatically decide whether to treat 'addr' as v4 or v6 address.
 *
 * @param addr a string, may not be 0-terminated.
 * @param addrlen number of bytes in @a addr (if addr is 0-terminated,
 *        0-terminator should not be counted towards addrlen).
 * @param r_buf a buffer to fill.
 * @return #GNUNET_OK if conversion succeded. #GNUNET_SYSERR otherwise, in which
 *         case the contents of @a r_buf are undefined.
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_to_address_ip(const char *addr,
                             uint16_t addrlen,
                             struct sockaddr_storage *r_buf)
{
  if (addr[0] == '[')
    return GNUNET_STRINGS_to_address_ipv6(addr,
                                          addrlen,
                                          (struct sockaddr_in6 *)r_buf);
  return GNUNET_STRINGS_to_address_ipv4(addr,
                                        addrlen,
                                        (struct sockaddr_in *)r_buf);
}


/**
 * Parse an address given as a string into a
 * `struct sockaddr`.
 *
 * @param addr the address
 * @param[out] af set to the parsed address family (i.e. AF_INET)
 * @param[out] sa set to the parsed address
 * @return 0 on error, otherwise number of bytes in @a sa
 */
size_t
GNUNET_STRINGS_parse_socket_addr(const char *addr,
                                 uint8_t *af,
                                 struct sockaddr **sa)
{
  char *cp = GNUNET_strdup(addr);

  *af = AF_UNSPEC;
  if ('[' == *addr)
    {
      /* IPv6 */
      *sa = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));
      if (GNUNET_OK !=
          GNUNET_STRINGS_to_address_ipv6(cp,
                                         strlen(cp),
                                         (struct sockaddr_in6 *)*sa))
        {
          GNUNET_free(*sa);
          *sa = NULL;
          GNUNET_free(cp);
          return 0;
        }
      *af = AF_INET6;
      GNUNET_free(cp);
      return sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
    }
  else
    {
      /* IPv4 */
      *sa = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
      if (GNUNET_OK !=
          GNUNET_STRINGS_to_address_ipv4(cp,
                                         strlen(cp),
                                         (struct sockaddr_in *)*sa))
        {
          GNUNET_free(*sa);
          *sa = NULL;
          GNUNET_free(cp);
          return 0;
        }
      *af = AF_INET;
      GNUNET_free(cp);
      return sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    }
}


/**
 * Makes a copy of argv that consists of a single memory chunk that can be
 * freed with a single call to GNUNET_free();
 */
static char *const *
_make_continuous_arg_copy(int argc, char *const *argv)
{
  size_t argvsize = 0;
  int i;
  char **new_argv;
  char *p;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
    argvsize += strlen(argv[i]) + 1 + sizeof(char *);
  new_argv = GNUNET_malloc(argvsize + sizeof(char *));
  p = (char *)&new_argv[argc + 1];
  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
    {
      new_argv[i] = p;
      strcpy(p, argv[i]);
      p += strlen(argv[i]) + 1;
    }
  new_argv[argc] = NULL;
  return (char *const *)new_argv;
}


/**
 * Returns utf-8 encoded arguments.
 * Does nothing (returns a copy of argc and argv) on any platform
 * other than W32.
 * Returned argv has u8argv[u8argc] == NULL.
 * Returned argv is a single memory block, and can be freed with a single
 *   GNUNET_free() call.
 *
 * @param argc argc (as given by main())
 * @param argv argv (as given by main())
 * @param u8argc a location to store new argc in (though it's th same as argc)
 * @param u8argv a location to store new argv in
 * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR on failure
 */
int
GNUNET_STRINGS_get_utf8_args(int argc,
                             char *const *argv,
                             int *u8argc,
                             char *const **u8argv)
{
#if WINDOWS
  wchar_t *wcmd;
  wchar_t **wargv;
  int wargc;
  int i;
  char **split_u8argv;

  wcmd = GetCommandLineW();
  if (NULL == wcmd)
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;
  wargv = CommandLineToArgvW(wcmd, &wargc);
  if (NULL == wargv)
    return GNUNET_SYSERR;

  split_u8argv = GNUNET_malloc(argc * sizeof(char *));

  for (i = 0; i < wargc; i++)
    {
      size_t strl;
      /* Hopefully it will allocate us NUL-terminated strings... */
      split_u8argv[i] =
        (char *)u16_to_u8(wargv[i], wcslen(wargv[i]) + 1, NULL, &strl);
      if (NULL == split_u8argv[i])
        {
          int j;
          for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
            free(split_u8argv[j]);
          GNUNET_free(split_u8argv);
          LocalFree(wargv);
          return GNUNET_SYSERR;
        }
    }

  *u8argv = _make_continuous_arg_copy(wargc, split_u8argv);
  *u8argc = wargc;

  for (i = 0; i < wargc; i++)
    free(split_u8argv[i]);
  free(split_u8argv);
  return GNUNET_OK;
#else
  char *const *new_argv =
    (char *const *)_make_continuous_arg_copy(argc, argv);
  *u8argv = new_argv;
  *u8argc = argc;
  return GNUNET_OK;
#endif
}


/**
 * Parse the given port policy.  The format is
 * "[!]SPORT[-DPORT]".
 *
 * @param port_policy string to parse
 * @param pp policy to fill in
 * @return #GNUNET_OK on success, #GNUNET_SYSERR if the
 *         @a port_policy is malformed
 */
static int
parse_port_policy(const char *port_policy,
                  struct GNUNET_STRINGS_PortPolicy *pp)
{
  const char *pos;
  int s;
  int e;
  char eol[2];

  pos = port_policy;
  if ('!' == *pos)
    {
      pp->negate_portrange = GNUNET_YES;
      pos++;
    }
  if (2 == sscanf(pos, "%u-%u%1s", &s, &e, eol))
    {
      if ((0 == s) || (s > 0xFFFF) || (e < s) || (e > 0xFFFF))
        {
          GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, _("Port not in range\n"));
          return GNUNET_SYSERR;
        }
      pp->start_port = (uint16_t)s;
      pp->end_port = (uint16_t)e;
      return GNUNET_OK;
    }
  if (1 == sscanf(pos, "%u%1s", &s, eol))
    {
      if ((0 == s) || (s > 0xFFFF))
        {
          GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, _("Port not in range\n"));
          return GNUNET_SYSERR;
        }

      pp->start_port = (uint16_t)s;
      pp->end_port = (uint16_t)s;
      return GNUNET_OK;
    }
  GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
             _("Malformed port policy `%s'\n"),
             port_policy);
  return GNUNET_SYSERR;
}


/**
 * Parse an IPv4 network policy. The argument specifies a list of
 * subnets. The format is
 * <tt>(network[/netmask][:SPORT[-DPORT]];)*</tt> (no whitespace, must
 * be terminated with a semicolon). The network must be given in
 * dotted-decimal notation. The netmask can be given in CIDR notation
 * (/16) or in dotted-decimal (/255.255.0.0).
 *
 * @param routeListX a string specifying the IPv4 subnets
 * @return the converted list, terminated with all zeros;
 *         NULL if the synatx is flawed
 */
struct GNUNET_STRINGS_IPv4NetworkPolicy *
GNUNET_STRINGS_parse_ipv4_policy(const char *routeListX)
{
  unsigned int count;
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int j;
  unsigned int len;
  int cnt;
  unsigned int pos;
  unsigned int temps[8];
  int slash;
  struct GNUNET_STRINGS_IPv4NetworkPolicy *result;
  int colon;
  int end;
  char *routeList;
  char dummy[2];

  if (NULL == routeListX)
    return NULL;
  len = strlen(routeListX);
  if (0 == len)
    return NULL;
  routeList = GNUNET_strdup(routeListX);
  count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    if (routeList[i] == ';')
      count++;
  result = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct GNUNET_STRINGS_IPv4NetworkPolicy) *
                         (count + 1));
  i = 0;
  pos = 0;
  while (i < count)
    {
      for (colon = pos; ':' != routeList[colon]; colon++)
        if ((';' == routeList[colon]) || ('\0' == routeList[colon]))
          break;
      for (end = colon; ';' != routeList[end]; end++)
        if ('\0' == routeList[end])
          break;
      if ('\0' == routeList[end])
        break;
      routeList[end] = '\0';
      if (':' == routeList[colon])
        {
          routeList[colon] = '\0';
          if (GNUNET_OK != parse_port_policy(&routeList[colon + 1], &result[i].pp))
            break;
        }
      cnt = sscanf(&routeList[pos],
                   "%u.%u.%u.%u/%u.%u.%u.%u%1s",
                   &temps[0],
                   &temps[1],
                   &temps[2],
                   &temps[3],
                   &temps[4],
                   &temps[5],
                   &temps[6],
                   &temps[7],
                   dummy);
      if (8 == cnt)
        {
          for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
            if (temps[j] > 0xFF)
              {
                LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _("Invalid format for IP: `%s'\n"),
                    &routeList[pos]);
                GNUNET_free(result);
                GNUNET_free(routeList);
                return NULL;
              }
          result[i].network.s_addr = htonl((temps[0] << 24) + (temps[1] << 16) +
                                           (temps[2] << 8) + temps[3]);
          result[i].netmask.s_addr = htonl((temps[4] << 24) + (temps[5] << 16) +
                                           (temps[6] << 8) + temps[7]);
          pos = end + 1;
          i++;
          continue;
        }
      /* try second notation */
      cnt = sscanf(&routeList[pos],
                   "%u.%u.%u.%u/%u%1s",
                   &temps[0],
                   &temps[1],
                   &temps[2],
                   &temps[3],
                   &slash,
                   dummy);
      if (5 == cnt)
        {
          for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            if (temps[j] > 0xFF)
              {
                LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _("Invalid format for IP: `%s'\n"),
                    &routeList[pos]);
                GNUNET_free(result);
                GNUNET_free(routeList);
                return NULL;
              }
          result[i].network.s_addr = htonl((temps[0] << 24) + (temps[1] << 16) +
                                           (temps[2] << 8) + temps[3]);
          if ((slash <= 32) && (slash >= 0))
            {
              result[i].netmask.s_addr = 0;
              while (slash > 0)
                {
                  result[i].netmask.s_addr =
                    (result[i].netmask.s_addr >> 1) + 0x80000000;
                  slash--;
                }
              result[i].netmask.s_addr = htonl(result[i].netmask.s_addr);
              pos = end + 1;
              i++;
              continue;
            }
          else
            {
              LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                  _("Invalid network notation ('/%d' is not legal in IPv4 CIDR)."),
                  slash);
              GNUNET_free(result);
              GNUNET_free(routeList);
              return NULL; /* error */
            }
        }
      /* try third notation */
      slash = 32;
      cnt = sscanf(&routeList[pos],
                   "%u.%u.%u.%u%1s",
                   &temps[0],
                   &temps[1],
                   &temps[2],
                   &temps[3],
                   dummy);
      if (4 == cnt)
        {
          for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
            if (temps[j] > 0xFF)
              {
                LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                    _("Invalid format for IP: `%s'\n"),
                    &routeList[pos]);
                GNUNET_free(result);
                GNUNET_free(routeList);
                return NULL;
              }
          result[i].network.s_addr = htonl((temps[0] << 24) + (temps[1] << 16) +
                                           (temps[2] << 8) + temps[3]);
          result[i].netmask.s_addr = 0;
          while (slash > 0)
            {
              result[i].netmask.s_addr = (result[i].netmask.s_addr >> 1) + 0x80000000;
              slash--;
            }
          result[i].netmask.s_addr = htonl(result[i].netmask.s_addr);
          pos = end + 1;
          i++;
          continue;
        }
      LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
          _("Invalid format for IP: `%s'\n"),
          &routeList[pos]);
      GNUNET_free(result);
      GNUNET_free(routeList);
      return NULL; /* error */
    }
  if (pos < strlen(routeList))
    {
      LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
          _("Invalid format: `%s'\n"),
          &routeListX[pos]);
      GNUNET_free(result);
      GNUNET_free(routeList);
      return NULL; /* oops */
    }
  GNUNET_free(routeList);
  return result; /* ok */
}


/**
 * Parse an IPv6 network policy. The argument specifies a list of
 * subnets. The format is <tt>(network[/netmask[:SPORT[-DPORT]]];)*</tt>
 * (no whitespace, must be terminated with a semicolon). The network
 * must be given in colon-hex notation.  The netmask must be given in
 * CIDR notation (/16) or can be omitted to specify a single host.
 * Note that the netmask is mandatory if ports are specified.
 *
 * @param routeListX a string specifying the policy
 * @return the converted list, 0-terminated, NULL if the synatx is flawed
 */
struct GNUNET_STRINGS_IPv6NetworkPolicy *
GNUNET_STRINGS_parse_ipv6_policy(const char *routeListX)
{
  unsigned int count;
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int len;
  unsigned int pos;
  int start;
  int slash;
  int ret;
  char *routeList;
  struct GNUNET_STRINGS_IPv6NetworkPolicy *result;
  unsigned int bits;
  unsigned int off;
  int save;
  int colon;
  char dummy[2];

  if (NULL == routeListX)
    return NULL;
  len = strlen(routeListX);
  if (0 == len)
    return NULL;
  routeList = GNUNET_strdup(routeListX);
  count = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    if (';' == routeList[i])
      count++;
  if (';' != routeList[len - 1])
    {
      LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
          _("Invalid network notation (does not end with ';': `%s')\n"),
          routeList);
      GNUNET_free(routeList);
      return NULL;
    }

  result = GNUNET_malloc(sizeof(struct GNUNET_STRINGS_IPv6NetworkPolicy) *
                         (count + 1));
  i = 0;
  pos = 0;
  while (i < count)
    {
      start = pos;
      while (';' != routeList[pos])
        pos++;
      slash = pos;
      while ((slash >= start) && (routeList[slash] != '/'))
        slash--;

      if (slash < start)
        {
          memset(&result[i].netmask, 0xFF, sizeof(struct in6_addr));
          slash = pos;
        }
      else
        {
          routeList[pos] = '\0';
          for (colon = pos; ':' != routeList[colon]; colon--)
            if ('/' == routeList[colon])
              break;
          if (':' == routeList[colon])
            {
              routeList[colon] = '\0';
              if (GNUNET_OK !=
                  parse_port_policy(&routeList[colon + 1], &result[i].pp))
                {
                  GNUNET_free(result);
                  GNUNET_free(routeList);
                  return NULL;
                }
            }
          ret = inet_pton(AF_INET6, &routeList[slash + 1], &result[i].netmask);
          if (ret <= 0)
            {
              save = errno;
              if ((1 != sscanf(&routeList[slash + 1], "%u%1s", &bits, dummy)) ||
                  (bits > 128))
                {
                  if (0 == ret)
                    LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                        _("Wrong format `%s' for netmask\n"),
                        &routeList[slash + 1]);
                  else
                    {
                      errno = save;
                      LOG_STRERROR(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING, "inet_pton");
                    }
                  GNUNET_free(result);
                  GNUNET_free(routeList);
                  return NULL;
                }
              off = 0;
              while (bits > 8)
                {
                  result[i].netmask.s6_addr[off++] = 0xFF;
                  bits -= 8;
                }
              while (bits > 0)
                {
                  result[i].netmask.s6_addr[off] =
                    (result[i].netmask.s6_addr[off] >> 1) + 0x80;
                  bits--;
                }
            }
        }
      routeList[slash] = '\0';
      ret = inet_pton(AF_INET6, &routeList[start], &result[i].network);
      if (ret <= 0)
        {
          if (0 == ret)
            LOG(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_WARNING,
                _("Wrong format `%s' for network\n"),
                &routeList[slash + 1]);
          else
            LOG_STRERROR(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR, "inet_pton");
          GNUNET_free(result);
          GNUNET_free(routeList);
          return NULL;
        }
      pos++;
      i++;
    }
  GNUNET_free(routeList);
  return result;
}


/** ******************** Base64 encoding ***********/

#define FILLCHAR '='
static char *cvt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
                   "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
                   "0123456789+/";


/**
 * Encode into Base64.
 *
 * @param in the data to encode
 * @param len the length of the input
 * @param output where to write the output (*output should be NULL,
 *   is allocated)
 * @return the size of the output
 */
size_t
GNUNET_STRINGS_base64_encode(const void *in, size_t len, char **output)
{
  const char *data = in;
  size_t ret;
  char *opt;

  ret = 0;
  opt = GNUNET_malloc(2 + (len * 4 / 3) + 8);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    {
      char c;

      c = (data[i] >> 2) & 0x3f;
      opt[ret++] = cvt[(int)c];
      c = (data[i] << 4) & 0x3f;
      if (++i < len)
        c |= (data[i] >> 4) & 0x0f;
      opt[ret++] = cvt[(int)c];
      if (i < len)
        {
          c = (data[i] << 2) & 0x3f;
          if (++i < len)
            c |= (data[i] >> 6) & 0x03;
          opt[ret++] = cvt[(int)c];
        }
      else
        {
          ++i;
          opt[ret++] = FILLCHAR;
        }
      if (i < len)
        {
          c = data[i] & 0x3f;
          opt[ret++] = cvt[(int)c];
        }
      else
        {
          opt[ret++] = FILLCHAR;
        }
    }
  *output = opt;
  return ret;
}

#define cvtfind(a)                        \
  ((((a) >= 'A') && ((a) <= 'Z'))         \
   ? (a) - 'A'                          \
   : (((a) >= 'a') && ((a) <= 'z'))     \
   ? (a) - 'a' + 26                 \
   : (((a) >= '0') && ((a) <= '9')) \
   ? (a) - '0' + 52             \
   : ((a) == '+') ? 62 : ((a) == '/') ? 63 : -1)


/**
 * Decode from Base64.
 *
 * @param data the data to encode
 * @param len the length of the input
 * @param output where to write the output (*output should be NULL,
 *   is allocated)
 * @return the size of the output
 */
size_t
GNUNET_STRINGS_base64_decode(const char *data, size_t len, void **out)
{
  char *output;
  size_t ret = 0;

#define CHECK_CRLF                                                \
  while (data[i] == '\r' || data[i] == '\n')                      \
    {                                                               \
      GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG | GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_BULK, \
                 "ignoring CR/LF\n");                              \
      i++;                                                          \
      if (i >= len)                                                 \
      goto END;                                                   \
    }

  output = GNUNET_malloc((len * 3 / 4) + 8);
  GNUNET_log(GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_DEBUG,
             "base64_decode decoding len=%d\n",
             (int)len);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    {
      char c;
      char c1;

      CHECK_CRLF;
      if (FILLCHAR == data[i])
        break;
      c = (char)cvtfind(data[i]);
      ++i;
      CHECK_CRLF;
      c1 = (char)cvtfind(data[i]);
      c = (c << 2) | ((c1 >> 4) & 0x3);
      output[ret++] = c;
      if (++i < len)
        {
          CHECK_CRLF;
          c = data[i];
          if (FILLCHAR == c)
            break;
          c = (char)cvtfind(c);
          c1 = ((c1 << 4) & 0xf0) | ((c >> 2) & 0xf);
          output[ret++] = c1;
        }
      if (++i < len)
        {
          CHECK_CRLF;
          c1 = data[i];
          if (FILLCHAR == c1)
            break;

          c1 = (char)cvtfind(c1);
          c = ((c << 6) & 0xc0) | c1;
          output[ret++] = c;
        }
    }
END:
  *out = output;
  return ret;
}


/* end of strings.c */