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1 | @node Copying | ||
2 | @appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE | ||
3 | |||
4 | @cindex GPL, GNU General Public License | ||
5 | @center Version 2, June 1991 | ||
6 | |||
7 | @display | ||
8 | Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
9 | 59 Temple Place -- Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA | ||
10 | |||
11 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | ||
12 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | ||
13 | @end display | ||
14 | |||
15 | @appendixsubsec Preamble | ||
16 | |||
17 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | ||
18 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | ||
19 | License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | ||
20 | software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | ||
21 | General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | ||
22 | Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | ||
23 | using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | ||
24 | the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | ||
25 | your programs, too. | ||
26 | |||
27 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | ||
28 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | ||
29 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | ||
30 | this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | ||
31 | if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | ||
32 | in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | ||
33 | |||
34 | To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | ||
35 | anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | ||
36 | These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | ||
37 | distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | ||
38 | |||
39 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | ||
40 | gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | ||
41 | you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | ||
42 | source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | ||
43 | rights. | ||
44 | |||
45 | We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | ||
46 | (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | ||
47 | distribute and/or modify the software. | ||
48 | |||
49 | Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | ||
50 | that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | ||
51 | software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | ||
52 | want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | ||
53 | that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | ||
54 | authors' reputations. | ||
55 | |||
56 | Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | ||
57 | patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | ||
58 | program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | ||
59 | program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | ||
60 | patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | ||
61 | |||
62 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | ||
63 | modification follow. | ||
64 | |||
65 | @iftex | ||
66 | @appendixsubsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | ||
67 | @end iftex | ||
68 | @ifinfo | ||
69 | @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION | ||
70 | @end ifinfo | ||
71 | |||
72 | @enumerate | ||
73 | @item | ||
74 | This License applies to any program or other work which contains | ||
75 | a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | ||
76 | under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, | ||
77 | refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' | ||
78 | means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | ||
79 | that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | ||
80 | either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | ||
81 | language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | ||
82 | the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. | ||
83 | |||
84 | Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | ||
85 | covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | ||
86 | running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | ||
87 | is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | ||
88 | Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | ||
89 | Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | ||
90 | |||
91 | @item | ||
92 | You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | ||
93 | source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | ||
94 | conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | ||
95 | copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | ||
96 | notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | ||
97 | and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | ||
98 | along with the Program. | ||
99 | |||
100 | You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | ||
101 | you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | ||
102 | |||
103 | @item | ||
104 | You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | ||
105 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | ||
106 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | ||
107 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | ||
108 | |||
109 | @enumerate a | ||
110 | @item | ||
111 | You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | ||
112 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | ||
113 | |||
114 | @item | ||
115 | You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | ||
116 | whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | ||
117 | part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | ||
118 | parties under the terms of this License. | ||
119 | |||
120 | @item | ||
121 | If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | ||
122 | when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | ||
123 | interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | ||
124 | announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | ||
125 | notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | ||
126 | a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | ||
127 | these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | ||
128 | License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | ||
129 | does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | ||
130 | the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | ||
131 | @end enumerate | ||
132 | |||
133 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | ||
134 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | ||
135 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | ||
136 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | ||
137 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | ||
138 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | ||
139 | on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | ||
140 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | ||
141 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | ||
142 | |||
143 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | ||
144 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | ||
145 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | ||
146 | collective works based on the Program. | ||
147 | |||
148 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | ||
149 | with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | ||
150 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | ||
151 | the scope of this License. | ||
152 | |||
153 | @item | ||
154 | You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | ||
155 | under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | ||
156 | Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | ||
157 | |||
158 | @enumerate a | ||
159 | @item | ||
160 | Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | ||
161 | source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | ||
162 | 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | ||
163 | |||
164 | @item | ||
165 | Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | ||
166 | years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | ||
167 | cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | ||
168 | machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | ||
169 | distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | ||
170 | customarily used for software interchange; or, | ||
171 | |||
172 | @item | ||
173 | Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | ||
174 | to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | ||
175 | allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | ||
176 | received the program in object code or executable form with such | ||
177 | an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | ||
178 | @end enumerate | ||
179 | |||
180 | The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | ||
181 | making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | ||
182 | code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | ||
183 | associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | ||
184 | control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | ||
185 | special exception, the source code distributed need not include | ||
186 | anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | ||
187 | form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | ||
188 | operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | ||
189 | itself accompanies the executable. | ||
190 | |||
191 | If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | ||
192 | access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | ||
193 | access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | ||
194 | distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | ||
195 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | ||
196 | |||
197 | @item | ||
198 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | ||
199 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | ||
200 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | ||
201 | void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | ||
202 | However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | ||
203 | this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | ||
204 | parties remain in full compliance. | ||
205 | |||
206 | @item | ||
207 | You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | ||
208 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | ||
209 | distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | ||
210 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | ||
211 | modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | ||
212 | Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | ||
213 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | ||
214 | the Program or works based on it. | ||
215 | |||
216 | @item | ||
217 | Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | ||
218 | Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | ||
219 | original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | ||
220 | these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | ||
221 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | ||
222 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | ||
223 | this License. | ||
224 | |||
225 | @item | ||
226 | If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | ||
227 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | ||
228 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | ||
229 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | ||
230 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | ||
231 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | ||
232 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | ||
233 | may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | ||
234 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | ||
235 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | ||
236 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | ||
237 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | ||
238 | |||
239 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | ||
240 | any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | ||
241 | apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | ||
242 | circumstances. | ||
243 | |||
244 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | ||
245 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | ||
246 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | ||
247 | integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | ||
248 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | ||
249 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | ||
250 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | ||
251 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | ||
252 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | ||
253 | impose that choice. | ||
254 | |||
255 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | ||
256 | be a consequence of the rest of this License. | ||
257 | |||
258 | @item | ||
259 | If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | ||
260 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | ||
261 | original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | ||
262 | may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | ||
263 | those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | ||
264 | countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | ||
265 | the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | ||
266 | |||
267 | @item | ||
268 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | ||
269 | of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | ||
270 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | ||
271 | address new problems or concerns. | ||
272 | |||
273 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | ||
274 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any | ||
275 | later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions | ||
276 | either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | ||
277 | Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | ||
278 | this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | ||
279 | Foundation. | ||
280 | |||
281 | @item | ||
282 | If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | ||
283 | programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | ||
284 | to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | ||
285 | Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | ||
286 | make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | ||
287 | of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | ||
288 | of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | ||
289 | |||
290 | @iftex | ||
291 | @heading NO WARRANTY | ||
292 | @end iftex | ||
293 | @ifinfo | ||
294 | @center NO WARRANTY | ||
295 | @end ifinfo | ||
296 | |||
297 | @item | ||
298 | BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | ||
299 | FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN | ||
300 | OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | ||
301 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | ||
302 | OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | ||
303 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | ||
304 | TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE | ||
305 | PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | ||
306 | REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | ||
307 | |||
308 | @item | ||
309 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | ||
310 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | ||
311 | REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | ||
312 | INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | ||
313 | OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | ||
314 | TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | ||
315 | YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | ||
316 | PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | ||
317 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | ||
318 | @end enumerate | ||
319 | |||
320 | @iftex | ||
321 | @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | ||
322 | @end iftex | ||
323 | @ifinfo | ||
324 | @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS | ||
325 | @end ifinfo | ||
326 | |||
327 | @page | ||
328 | @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs | ||
329 | |||
330 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | ||
331 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | ||
332 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | ||
333 | |||
334 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | ||
335 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | ||
336 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | ||
337 | the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | ||
338 | |||
339 | @smallexample | ||
340 | @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.} | ||
341 | Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} | ||
342 | |||
343 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | ||
344 | modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License | ||
345 | as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 | ||
346 | of the License, or (at your option) any later version. | ||
347 | |||
348 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | ||
349 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | ||
350 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | ||
351 | GNU General Public License for more details. | ||
352 | |||
353 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along | ||
354 | with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., | ||
355 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. | ||
356 | @end smallexample | ||
357 | |||
358 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | ||
359 | |||
360 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | ||
361 | when it starts in an interactive mode: | ||
362 | |||
363 | @smallexample | ||
364 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} | ||
365 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details | ||
366 | type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome | ||
367 | to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' | ||
368 | for details. | ||
369 | @end smallexample | ||
370 | |||
371 | The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show | ||
372 | the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | ||
373 | commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and | ||
374 | @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever | ||
375 | suits your program. | ||
376 | |||
377 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | ||
378 | school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if | ||
379 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | ||
380 | |||
381 | @smallexample | ||
382 | @group | ||
383 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright | ||
384 | interest in the program `Gnomovision' | ||
385 | (which makes passes at compilers) written | ||
386 | by James Hacker. | ||
387 | |||
388 | @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 | ||
389 | Ty Coon, President of Vice | ||
390 | @end group | ||
391 | @end smallexample | ||
392 | |||
393 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | ||
394 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | ||
395 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | ||
396 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General | ||
397 | Public License instead of this License. | ||