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1@node Copying
2@appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
3
4@cindex GPL, GNU General Public License
5@center Version 2, June 1991
6
7@display
8Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
959 Temple Place -- Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
10
11Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
12of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
13@end display
14
15@appendixsubsec Preamble
16
17 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
18freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
19License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
20software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
21General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
22Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
23using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
24the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
25your programs, too.
26
27 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
28price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
29have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
30this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
31if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
32in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
33
34 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
35anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
36These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
37distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
38
39 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
40gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
41you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
42source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
43rights.
44
45 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
46(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
47distribute and/or modify the software.
48
49 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
50that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
51software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
52want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
53that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
54authors' reputations.
55
56 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
57patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
58program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
59program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
60patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
61
62 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
63modification follow.
64
65@iftex
66@appendixsubsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
67@end iftex
68@ifinfo
69@center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
70@end ifinfo
71
72@enumerate
73@item
74This License applies to any program or other work which contains
75a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
76under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below,
77refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
78means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
79that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
80either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
81language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
82the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''.
83
84Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
85covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
86running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
87is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
88Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
89Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
90
91@item
92You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
93source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
94conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
95copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
96notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
97and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
98along with the Program.
99
100You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
101you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
102
103@item
104You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
105of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
106distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
107above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
108
109@enumerate a
110@item
111You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
112stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
113
114@item
115You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
116whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
117part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
118parties under the terms of this License.
119
120@item
121If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
122when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
123interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
124announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
125notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
126a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
127these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
128License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
129does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
130the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
131@end enumerate
132
133These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
134identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
135and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
136themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
137sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
138distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
139on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
140this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
141entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
142
143Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
144your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
145exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
146collective works based on the Program.
147
148In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
149with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
150a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
151the scope of this License.
152
153@item
154You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
155under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
156Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
157
158@enumerate a
159@item
160Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
161source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1621 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
163
164@item
165Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
166years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
167cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
168machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
169distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
170customarily used for software interchange; or,
171
172@item
173Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
174to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
175allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
176received the program in object code or executable form with such
177an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
178@end enumerate
179
180The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
181making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
182code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
183associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
184control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
185special exception, the source code distributed need not include
186anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
187form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
188operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
189itself accompanies the executable.
190
191If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
192access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
193access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
194distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
195compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
196
197@item
198You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
199except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
200otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
201void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
202However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
203this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
204parties remain in full compliance.
205
206@item
207You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
208signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
209distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
210prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
211modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
212Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
213all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
214the Program or works based on it.
215
216@item
217Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
218Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
219original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
220these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
221restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
222You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
223this License.
224
225@item
226If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
227infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
228conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
229otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
230excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
231distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
232License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
233may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
234license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
235all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
236the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
237refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
238
239If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
240any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
241apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
242circumstances.
243
244It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
245patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
246such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
247integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
248implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
249generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
250through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
251system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
252to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
253impose that choice.
254
255This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
256be a consequence of the rest of this License.
257
258@item
259If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
260certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
261original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
262may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
263those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
264countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
265the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
266
267@item
268The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
269of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
270be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
271address new problems or concerns.
272
273Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
274specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
275later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
276either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
277Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
278this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
279Foundation.
280
281@item
282If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
283programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
284to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
285Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
286make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
287of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
288of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
289
290@iftex
291@heading NO WARRANTY
292@end iftex
293@ifinfo
294@center NO WARRANTY
295@end ifinfo
296
297@item
298BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
299FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
300OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
301PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
302OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
303MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
304TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
305PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
306REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
307
308@item
309IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
310WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
311REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
312INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
313OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
314TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
315YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
316PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
317POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
318@end enumerate
319
320@iftex
321@heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
322@end iftex
323@ifinfo
324@center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
325@end ifinfo
326
327@page
328@unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
329
330 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
331possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
332free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
333
334 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
335to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
336convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
337the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
338
339@smallexample
340@var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.}
341Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
342
343This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
344modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
345as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
346of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
347
348This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
349but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
350MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
351GNU General Public License for more details.
352
353You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
354with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
35559 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
356@end smallexample
357
358Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
359
360If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
361when it starts in an interactive mode:
362
363@smallexample
364Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
365Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
366type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
367to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
368for details.
369@end smallexample
370
371The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
372the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
373commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
374@samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
375suits your program.
376
377You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
378school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
379necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
380
381@smallexample
382@group
383Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
384interest in the program `Gnomovision'
385(which makes passes at compilers) written
386by James Hacker.
387
388@var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
389Ty Coon, President of Vice
390@end group
391@end smallexample
392
393This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
394proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
395consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
396library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
397Public License instead of this License.